831 research outputs found
Fast microwave-assisted oxidation of 1,4-dihydropyridines with FeCl 3.SiO 2
Pyridine derivatives are easily obtained in high yields by microwave-promoted rapid oxidation of the corresponding 1,4-dihydropyridines with ferric chloride hexahydrate and silica gel under solvent-free conditions
Jurisprudential and Legal Investigation of Effectiveness of the Muslim’s will on Using Bodily Organs of the Testator
Background: Human being is owned by God and is allowed to own him/herself and make a decision on his/her organs after demise, including the right of making will on using his/her organs in the case of death.Methods: This study is a review of Jurisprudential and legal investigation of the effectiveness of the Muslim’s will on using bodily organs of the testator in Iran. The findings that used, based on the studies were carried down in Iran and published in databases such as Google scholar, religious book and request for opinion emulation searching is done by using valid keywords.Results: This study concluded that using of organs of the deceased is acceptable for solving the problems of another live Muslim person. The legal department of the judiciary has declared also that organ donation is acceptable, but no organ may be sold since it is not included as a property.Conclusion: According to different religions and laws in the different countries similar studies are limited also in the Islamic countries, too. But there is disagreement on the studies in our country. There is a fundamental difference between the view of the proponents and that of the opponents of removing organs
Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of diethyl 5- acetyl-4-methyl- 6-(2-fluorophenylimino)-6H-thiopyran- 2,3-dicarboxylate (3TM)
Diethyl 5-acetyl-4-methyl-6-(2-fluorophenylimino)-6H-thiopyran-2,3-dicarboxylate (3TM) was synthesized and the antiproliferative activity of 3TM is reported here. Compound 3TM inhibits the growth of human colon cancer HCT-15 with an IC50 value of 4.5 μM and breast cancer MCF-7 with an IC50 value of 7 μM in a dose/time dependent manner by using sulforhodamine B assay. Moreover, suppression of clonogenic activity occurs after exposure to 3TM at a concentration of 3 μM for HCT-15 and of 5 μM for MCF-7. The effect of ligand complexation on DNA structure led to the overall affinity constant of K3M-DNA = 2.4 x 104 M-1.Key words: Diethyl 5-acetyl-4-methyl-6-(2-fluorophenylimino)-6H-thiopyran-2,3-dicarboxylate (3TM), synthesis, antiproliferative activity
Study of nitrogen fertilizer and cycocel on FV/FM and dry matter mobilization to grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
In order to study of effects of
nitrogen fertilizer and cycocel on yield,
yield component and dry matter mobilization
of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) a factorial
experiment was conducted based on
randomized complete block design with
three replications during 2014. Treatments
were included nitrogen rates in four levels
(without nitrogen application as control (N0)
and application 80 (N1), 160 (N2) and 240
(N3) kg ha-1 urea) and four cycocel levels
(without cycocel as control (C0), application
of 500 (C1), 1000 (C2), 1500 (C3) ppm).
Results showed that cycocel application
increased chlorophyll index, photochemical
efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and dry matter
mobilization from shoots and stem.
Application of nitrogen and cycocel reduced
dry matter mobilization from shoots and
stem, contribution of remobilization from
shoots to grain and stem reserve
contribution in grain yield. Application of
nitrogen and cycocel as N3C3 had 58.5% and
46.26% more dry matter mobilization from
shoots and stem in comparison with N3C0.
The highest 1000-grain weight by 28.90 and
28.54 g, respectively, belonged to
application of cycocel as C2 and C3 and the
lowest 1000-grain weight by 26.93 g
belonged to the C0. The highest grain yield
(1.068 g per plant), number of grains per ear
(37.36) and 1000-grain weight (28.77 g)
were obtained in application of 240 kg ha-1
urea. It seems that the increase of Fv/Fm
ratio due to current photosynthesis in plants
that were grown under cycocel and nitrogen
treatments decreased mobilization of dry
matter and stem reserves to grain yield.
Generally, it was concluded that nitrogen
and cycocel can be as a proper tool for
increasing wheat yield
Effect of buffer gases on the performance of SO2 trace measurement based on photoacoustic spectroscopy
In this experimental work a laser photoacoustic spectrometer designed and fabricated. System sensitivity for detection of SO2 and NO 2 was measured. Resonance frequency variation versus pressure increase of Nitrogen, Argon, Helium and Air buffer gases was studied. Results show that, sensitivity of system for SO2 and NO2 are 353 ppb and 963 ppb respectively. It was shown that resonance frequency for Nitrogen, Argon, and Air buffer gases was not noticeably varied by buffer gas pressure increasing, but for Helium, resonance frequency not only is not in range of three other gases, but also grows by pressure increasing. The system noises were damped preparing two buffer chambers. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
The Political Economy of Domestic Tax Reform in Bangladesh: Political Settlements, Informal Institutions and the Negotiation of Reform
This paper explains the persistence of a tax system characterised by low revenue collection and extensive informality in Bangladesh. It combines analysis of long-term formal and informal institutions and of micro-level incentives shaping negotiation of short-term reform. The system is unusually informal, discretionary, and corrupt, but remains resistant to change because it delivers low and predictable tax rates to business, extensive opportunities for corruption to the tax administration, and an important vehicle for fundraising by political leaders and rent distribution to their elite supporters. We then explore the dynamics of micro-level reform and external pressure within the constraints of this overarching political bargain
Consequences Of On-Track Competition In Railways By Use Of Simulations
Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies. Faculty of Economics and Business. The University of Sydne
Firm-size distribution and price-cost margins in Dutch manufacturing
Industrial economists surmise a relation between the size distribution of firms and performance. Usually, attention is focused on the high end of the size distribution. The widely used 4-firm seller concentration, C4, ignores what happens at the low end of the size distribution. An investigation is presented of the extent to which the level and the growth of small business presence influence price-cost margins in Dutch manufacturing. A large data set of 66 industries for a 13-year period is used. This allows the investigation of both small business influences within a framework in which that of many other market structure variables is also studied. Evidence is shown that price-cost margins are influenced by large firm dominance, growth in small business presence, capital intensity, business cycle, international trade, and buyer concentration
The Political Economy of Tax Reform in Bangladesh: Political Settlements, Informal Institutions and the Negotiation of Reform
political economy, tax reform, political settlementsThis paper explores the political economy of tax reform in Bangladesh over several decades, shedding light on the complex factors that account for unusually effective and sustained resistance to significant reform. We contend that it is necessary to understand both deep-seated formal and informal institutions and the micro-level incentives that shape the negotiation of short-term reform in order to comprehend tax outcomes. We describe a tax system that is highly informal, largely manual and characterised by high levels of discretion and corruption. However, despite appearing highly dysfunctional on the surface, this system serves the core interests of powerful political, economic and administrative actors. Underpinned by robust informal institutions, the current system delivers low and predictable tax rates to businesses, provides extensive discretion and opportunities for corruption to the tax administration, and acts as an important vehicle for political elites to raise funds and distribute patronage and economic rents. While the tax system has not been without reform, individual reform efforts have been constrained by the parameters of this broader settlement, leaving competing interest groups to pursue strategic gains at the margins while seeking to satisfy external reform demands. This tax bargain reflects Bangladesh’s broader political economy, which is characterised by entrenched informal institutions underpinning the combination of generally weak governance and high levels of economic growth – the so-called ‘paradox of Bangladesh’.DfID, NORA
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