Clinical features of winter sports injuries: A prospective single center study

Introduction: This study aimed to present the epidemiological and clinical effects of skiing training and use of protective equipment on skiing, sledding and snowboarding injuries. Methods: The patients were evaluated in two groups according to both their skiing experience and use of protective equipment. The characteristics of the patients, such as age, gender, injury area, and injury type were statistically evaluated according to the groups. Results: A total of 191 patients, 68 (35.6%) female and 123 (64.4%) male, were evaluated. There was a significant difference between the patients with and without skiing experience (P=0.001). When the patients were evaluated according to the presence of protective equipment, 25 (59.5%) patients who had no experience did not wear protective equipment, and this rate was statistically significant compared to the experienced group (P=0.001). Concerning the diagnoses of the patients according to injury areas, joint dislocation and soft tissue trauma were mostly detected in the upper extremities, bone fractures in the lower extremities and organ injury in the thorax. Conclusion: Shoulder and wrist traumas were the most common injuries among the patients with previous skiing experience while tibial fractures were mostly seen in those without such experience. Tibia fractures were mostly observed in the patients using protective equipment, and skin incisions in those that did not use protective equipment. Therefore, in winter sports injuries, patients’ skiing experience and protective equipment use should be questioned and more attention should be paid to the above-mentioned injuries

Ramelteon Protects Intestinal Tissue Against Injury Caused by Methotrexate Via Showing Anti-apoptotic, Antiinflammatory and Antioxidant Properties

Objective:Methotrexate (MTX), a drug used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancers, is a folic acid antagonist, but it has toxic effects on the gastrointestinal system (GIS). In this study, we examined the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of Ramelteon (RAM), a melatonin receptor agonist, on the MTX-induced toxicity in the intestinal tissue of rats.Methods:Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups; Control group, MTX group, MTX + RAM group, and RAM group. Single-dose 0.1 mL 20 mg/kg MTX, saline or 0.1 mL 10 mg/kg RAM orally was administered for 7 days. Animals were sacrificed at the end of 7 days after the last drug administration. Then, intestinal tissues were collected for biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses.Results:While normal histological findings and biochemical parameters were observed in the control and RAM groups, in the MTX group, mononuclear cell infiltrations, hemorrhagic areas, degenerations in the submucosa and Lieberkuhn crypts were observed in the intestinal sections. Caspase-3 (Cas-3) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expressions, total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) increased and total antioxidant status (TAS) decreased in the MTX group. RAM treatment decreased Cas-3 and TNF-α expressions, TOS, OSI levels and increased TAS levels.Conclusion:In this study, RAM showed anti-apoptotic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on MTX-induced toxicity in intestinal tissue. Therefore, it was suggested that RAM might be used in MTX-like toxicities to alleviate the side effects on the GIS

Risk factors for brain mtastases in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Bu çalışmanın amacı ileri evre KHDAK hastalarında beyin metastazı gelişmesinde etkili prediktif faktörleri değerlendirmek erken tanı ve önlemler için proflaktik tedaviden yarar görebilecek hasta subgrupları oluşumuna katkıda bulunmaktır. Çalışmada 163 hastanın değerleri retrospektif olarak incelendi. 53 hastada metastatik olmayan (3AN2 ve 3B) ve 110 hastada metastatik hastalık vardı. Baskın patolojik tip skuamöz hücreli karsinomdu (% 53.4). Primer tümörler alt zonlardan ziyade üst zonlarda yer alıyordu (% 69.3). Hastaların % 70 inden fazlasında iyi performans skoru (0-1) vardı. 131 hastaya KT verilmişti. 32 hasta ise hiç KT almadan RT/ cerrahi tedavi/ destek tedavisi veya kombinasyonlarını almıştı. Anemi, yüksek LDH seviyesi ve düşük albümin seviyesi sırasıyla 68 ,73 ve 67 hastada görüldü . Median takip süresi 50 haftaydı genel kümülatif sağ kalım oranı tüm hastalarımız arasında % 30 idi, ve median sağ kalım süresi 30 hafta idi. Beyin metastazı geliştikten sonra median sağ kalım zamanı 8 hafta idi. Takip sırasında beyin metastazı gelişen 40 hasta vardı (% 24.5). Prediktif faktör olarak; LDH, kilo kaybı, primer tümör lokalizasyonu, beyin dışında başka uzak metastazın varlığı tesbit edildi, N2 lenf nodu tutulumu ise anlamlılık sınırına yakın olarak bulundu (tablo 20). Biz çalışmamızda beyin metastazı gelişimi üzerine etkili prognostik faktörleri kendi hasta populasyonumuzda belirledik. KHDAK'li hastalarda beyin metastazı gelişmesi üzerine etkili prediktif faktörlerin belirlenmesi ve olumlu prognostik faktörleri olan hastalara PKI'nın standart tedavi olarak önerilebilmesi için yeterli sayıda hasta ile prospektif randomize çalışmalar gereklidir.The aim of study is to evaluate predictive factors on brain metastasis development in NSCLC patients, and to form patient sub groups that will benefit from prophylactic treatment for early diagnose and preventions. In our study group sguamose cell carsinom was found os predominant pathologıc type of NSCLC (53.4 %). Primary tumors were located predominantly in upper zones (69.3 %) rather than lower zones. More than % 70 of patients had their performance scores (0-1). Chemoterapy were given in 131 patients. 32 patients treated by RT/ surgical treatment/ supplement theraphy or a combination of allof them. Anemia, high levels of LDH and low albumin levels were seen in 68, 73 and 67 patients, respectively. Median follow-up was 50 weeks. Overall survival rate was 30 % among all our patients, with the median survival period of 30 weeks. The survival after the brain metastasis was 8 weeks. 40 patients (24,5 %) developed brain metastasis during the follow-up. Weight loss, LDH, localisation of the primary tumor and an extra metastasis other than brain were determined as predictive factors of the brain metastasis. And N2 lenf nod invasion was found to be close to the significancy borderline. We determined the prognostic factors effective on brain metastasis occurance in our patient population. For determining the predictive factors effective on brain metastasis development in NSCLC patients and to suggest PCI to patients who have positive prognostic factors, there should be enough number of prospective randomized trials

Examination of Relationships Between Some Biochemical and Oxidative Stress Traits by Canonical Correlation Analysis in Broiler Chickens

Canonical correlation analysis is a multivariate method to examine the relationships between two (X and Y) sets of variables when all measurements are obtained from same broilers. Canonical correlation analysis aims to obtain new variables called as canonical variates formed by linear combinations of the original variables for each set and by maximizing the relationships between two set. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between 8 biochemical traits (Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Albumin, Triglyceride, Total Cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, Glucose, Total Protein and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)) and 4 oxidative stress traits (total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), lipid peroxide (LPO)) in broiler chickens. As a result, the correlation between the first canonical variable pair was found 0.594