Vortex lattice dynamics in a-NbGe detected by mode-locking experiments

We observed mode-locking (ML) of rf-dc driven vortex arrays in a superconducting weak pinning a-NbGe film. The ML voltage shows the expected scaling $V\propto f\sqrt{B}$ with $f$ the rf-frequency and $B$ the magnetic field. For large dc-velocity (corresponding to a large ML frequency), the ML current step width exhibits a squared Bessel function dependence on the rf-amplitude as predicted for ML of a lattice moving elastically through a random potential.Comment: 2 pages, 2 figures. Contribution to M2S-HTSC Ri

Strongly nonequilibrium flux flow in the presence of perforating submicron holes

We report on the effects of perforating submicron holes on the vortex dynamics of amorphous Nb0.7Ge0.3 microbridges in the strongly nonequilibrium mixed state, when vortex properties change substantially. In contrast to the weak nonequilibrium - when the presence of holes may result in either an increase (close to Tc) or a decrease (well below Tc) of the dissipation, in the strong nonequilibrium an enhanced dissipation is observed irrespectively of the bath temperature. Close to Tc this enhancement is similar to that in the weak nonequilibrium, but corresponds to vortices shrunk due to the Larkin-Ovchinnikov mechanism. At low temperatures the enhancement is a consequence of a weakening of the flux pinning by the holes in a regime where electron heating dominates the superconducting properties.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Mending the Gap Between Law and Practice, Organizational Approaches for Women's Property Rights

This document presents information of how women in many countries are far less likely than men to own property and assets - key tools to gaining economic security and earning higher incomes. Though laws to protect women's property rights exist in most countries, gender and cultural constraints can prevent women from owning or inheriting property. In this series, ICRW suggests practical steps to promote, protect and fulfill women's property rights

Depinning and dynamics of vortices confined in mesoscopic flow channels

We study the behavior of vortex matter in artificial flow channels confined by pinned vortices in the channel edges (CE's). The critical current $J_s$ is governed by the interaction with static vortices in the CE's. We study structural changes associated with (in)commensurability between the channel width $w$ and the natural row spacing $b_0$, and their effect on $J_s$. The behavior depends crucially on the presence of disorder in the CE arrays. For ordered CE's, maxima in $J_s$ occur at matching $w=nb_0$ ($n$ integer), while for $w\neq nb_0$ defects along the CE's cause a vanishing $J_s$. For weak CE disorder, the sharp peaks in $J_s$ at $w=nb_0$ become smeared via nucleation and pinning of defects. The corresponding quasi-1D $n$ row configurations can be described by a (disordered)sine-Gordon model. For larger disorder and $w\simeq nb_0$, $J_s$ levels at $\sim 30$ of the ideal lattice strength $J_s^0$. Around 'half filling' ($w/b_0 \simeq n\pm 1/2$), disorder causes new features, namely {\it misaligned} defects and coexistence of $n$ and $n \pm 1$ rows in the channel. This causes a {\it maximum} in $J_s$ around mismatch, while $J_s$ smoothly decreases towards matching due to annealing of the misaligned regions. We study the evolution of static and dynamic structures on changing $w/b_0$, the relation between modulations of $J_s$ and transverse fluctuations and dynamic ordering of the arrays. The numerical results at strong disorder show good qualitative agreement with recent mode-locking experiments.Comment: 29 pages, 32 figure

Effective cooperation influencing performance: a study in Dutch hospitals

Objective: This study focuses on cooperation between physicians and managers and aspects of that cooperation that can provide leads for interventions aimed at enhancing hospital performance. - \ud Design: We performed a qualitative study on cooperation between physicians and managers and the influence of that cooperation on hospital performance, and structured the resulting data according to the conditions of Allport's theory on intergroup conflicts. - \ud Setting: General hospitals in the Netherlands. - \ud Participants: Thirty physicians (surgical and internal) and managers (strategic, tactic and operational) working in five different hospitals. - \ud Interventions: In-depth interviews exploring the influence of cooperation between physicians and managers on hospital performance. - \ud Main Outcome Measures: Respondents confirmed the complexity of the relationship between physicians and managers and the link between their cooperation and hospital performance. Mentioned aspects such as power and status differences, clarity in decision-making and personal click, are important in determining the effectiveness of the cooperation between physicians and managers. - \ud Results: Our study suggests that the effectiveness of cooperation between physicians and managers is related to the uptake of quality initiatives and hospital performance. - \ud Conclusions: The complex relationship between physicians and managers can be referred to as an intergroup conflict situation. We combined Allport's Contact theory conditions with aspects found in our study leading to the following facilitating conditions: address common goals; create interdependent tasks; arrange the support of authorities and respect the medical domain. They will enhance intra-hospital cooperation and therewith hospital performance

PENGARUH LATIHAN SATRIA NUSANTARA TINGKAT PRADASAR-DASAR TERHADAP PENURUNAN HORMON STRESS (KORTISOL)

This research study is aimed at revealing the influence of stressors in Satria Nusantara pre-elementary breathing exercise training towards the reduction of the level of stress hormone (Kartisol). This is an experimental research, using Randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The number of samples used in the treatment group and control group is 15 people respectively. Elisa method was used as the technique of laboratory examination. Data analysis was done through t-test, using SPSS program for Windows. Based on the results of t test analysis on Kartisol variables, there were significant differences between treatment group and control group with p = 0.002 (p <0.05). In this Kartisol variables, there was also reduction in treatment groups of 4.77 ng/ml and 0.83 ng/ml in the control group. The difference was due to breathing exercise treatment using breath control and dhikr so that psychologically treatment group will be more calm, relaxed compared to the control group. Thus breathing exercise can be one of the cheap, effective alternative exercise to reduce stress hormone levels (Kartisol). With relatively low levels of Kartisol, it will provide an opportunity for lymphocytes T to produce interleukin 2 (Th1) and interleukin 4 (Th2). Interleukin will stimulate plasma cells to produce immunoglobulin. By the increase of the activity of plasma cells, IgG also indirectly increases. Thereby, the reduction of Kartisol has a positive influence on the increase of immunoglobulin G. Based on the findings, the Satria Nusantara breathing exercise can be used as a model of alternative sports in order to improve body endurance. Key words: Influence, breathing exercise, reduction, Kartisol

RESPONS AKUT KADAR GULA DARAH AKIBAT LATIHAN “SENAM DIABETES MELLITUS VERSI JAKARTA” DAN SENAM DIABETES MELLITUS VERSI JOGJA PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS

By the rapid development of science and technology, the development in the economic sector and uncontrolled healthy life patterns can cause serious diseases. Degenerative diseases have replaced chronic diseases. The prominent degenerative diseases these days are heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. The diseases are caused by unhealthy life style, diet, and less physical activity. Minor diabetes mellitus can be controlled through diet and exercise programs, and if the programs do not work, the patients can consume anti-diabetes medicines. The patients who perform the exercise experience the decrease of the needs of insulin until 40%. This is an experimental research study using Randomized pre-test post-test Design. The populations involved in this study were patients of diabetes mellitus which were the members of diabetes mellitus exercise fitness program in dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta. The samples were 12 participants which were divided into two groups. The tool used in this research was One Touch BASIC Plus Life Scan 2000 made in USA. The results of this study show that there were different decreases of blood sugar levels as the effect of treatment of Senam Diabetes Mellitus Versi Jakarta and Senam Diabetes Mellitus Versi Jakarta Dan Versi Jogja (Jakarta and Jogja Versions of Diabetes Mellitus Exercise). The stressors of Jakarta version of diabetes mellitus exercise could stimulate the decrease of sugar blood levels (pre-post) of 15mg/100ml in average, while the stressors of Jogja version of diabetes mellitus exercise could stimulate the decrease of sugar blood level (pre-post) of 20.83mg/100ml in average. Statistically, the results show that t count was 0.913 with the probability level of 0.403 (p>0.05). Thus, statistically the levels of sugar blood before and after performing Jakarta version of diabetes mellitus exercise were relatively similar. It implies that Jakarta version of diabetes mellitus exercise was not effective to decrease the acute levels of sugar blood. The results of t-test on the group of Jogja version of diabetes mellitus exercise show that t count was 2.016 with the probability level of 0.100 (p>0.05). It implies that the levels of sugar blood before and after performing Jogja version of diabetes mellitus exercise were relatively similar. Therefore, it was said that Jogja version of diabetes mellitus exercise could not effectively decrease the levels of sugar blood. Keywords: acute response, diabetes mellitus, sugar bloo

RESPONS IMUNOGLOBULIN G (IgG) DAN IMUNOGLOBULIN M (IgM) AKIBAT LATIHAN SENAM PERNAFASAN

This research aims at investigating the responses of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M as the effects of breathing exercise. This is an experimental study using the pretest – posttest group design. The samples involved in this study were 10 people. This research study was conducted in 6 weeks with the frequency of three times a week. The breathing exercise consisted of 10 movements. The laboratory examination was conducted using the ELISA (Enzyme Linked Imunsorbent Assay) method. Blood samples of the participants were taken from cubital vein ± 5cc. The results of the first and second measurements on immunoglobulin M show that the levels of immunoglobulin increased by 4,7mg/dl, while on the second and third measurements on immunoglobulin M, the levels of immunoglobulin M decreased by 7,4mg/dl. On the first and second measurements, the levels of immunoglobulin G increased by 41,86mg/dl, while on second and third measurements, it increased by 79,02mg/dl. On the first and third measurement, the result shows that the levels of immunoglobulin G increased by 102,88mg/dl. The results of t-test on immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M on pre-and posttest show that there were significant differences. The increase of the levels of immunoglobulin was caused by physiological adaptation on immunoglobulin. The adaptation was in the form of chances from immunoglobulin M into immunoglobulin G mediated by gamma chain. The process is called Gen Switching which can be defined as the changes of one kind of immunoglobulin to another kind of immunoglobulin, for example the change of immunoglobulin M into immunoglobulin G which is mediated by gamma chain, and the change of immunoglobulin M into IgA mediated by alpha chain. Usually, immunoglobulin M will experience gen switching around day 14. By the increase of the levels of immunoglobulin G, it can be concluded that the body immunity increases as well. Thus, breathing exercise can be used as an exercise model to increase body immunity under the condition of proportional and programmed one. Keywords: response, immunoglobulin, breathing exercis

PENGARUH SENAM PERNAFASAN “SATRIA NUSANTARA” TERHADAP PERUBAHAN KADAR β-ENDORPHIN (Sebuah Kajian Endokrinologi Pada Aktivitas Fisik)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap perubahan kadar beta endorphin akibat latihan Senam Pernafasan "Satria Nusantara". Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Randomized pretest-posttest group design. Sampel sejumlah 15 orang laki-laki. Pelatihan dilaksanakan selama 7 minggu, 3 kali perminggu. Sampel darah (serum) diambil 3 kali yaitu pada awal sebelum latihan, 45 menit dan 24 jam setelah latihan terakhir. Pemeriksaan laboratorium menggunakan metode ELISA (Enzym Linked Imunosorbent Assay). Analisis data menggunakan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata kadar serum pretest sebesar 16,62 ng/ml, 45 menit post exercise sebesar 20,86 ng/ml dan 24 jam post exercise sebesar 20,39 ng/ml. Setelah dilakukan uji t, didapatkan bahwa kadar beta endorphin pretest-postest 45 menit terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan dengan p=0,000, dan pada pretest-postest 24 jam juga terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan dengan p=0,000. Disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan kadar beta endorphin 45 menit setelah latihan jauh lebih tinggi dibanding dengan pengukuran 24 jam setelah latihan. Jarak waktu pengambilan 45 menit dan 24 jam telah menunjukkan adanya penurunan kadar beta endorphin. Terjadinya penurunan ini menunjukkan adanya indikasi ke arah pulih asal. Kata kunci: beta endorphin, olahraga pernafasan. FIK, 2007 (PEND. KEPELATIHAN

Implementasi Manajemen Promosi Kesehatan dalam Menurunkan Angka Karies Gigi pada Anak Sekolah Dasar di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kassi Kassi Kota Makassar Sulawesi Selatan Tahun 2017

Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif bersifat fenomenologi bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi lebih mendalam tentang manajemen promosi kesehatan dalam menurunkan angka karies gigi pada anak sekolah dasar di wilayah kerja puskesmas Kassi Kassi Kota Makassar dari aspek input, proses, output dan out came. Informan penelitian ini sebanyak 11 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam, observasi, dokumentasi dan Focal Discision Group (FGD) dengan teknik analisis data menggunakan petunjuk miles dan huberman.Penelitian ini menyimpulkan (1) Input dalam program UKGS terdiri dari tenaga pelaksana yaitu tenaga kesehatan dari puskesmas, guru pembina UKS/UKGS dan dokter kecil dari pihak sekolah, pendanaan berasal dari dana BOS, dana BOK dan swadaya masyarakat, sarana dan prasarana yang digunakan yaitu ruangan, buku pedoman, poster, phantom, sikat gigi dan pasta gigi serta alat-alat dan obat-obatan medis gigi serta metode yang digunakan yaitu metode UKGS paket III (ketiga). (2) Proses dalam program UKGS terdiri dari intervensi perilaku berupa pendidikan kesehtan gigi dan mulut, sikat gigi massal, pemeriksaan kebersihan gigi dan mulut setiap hari sebelum masuk kelas dan intervensi medis berupa penjaringan kesehatan gigi 1 kali setahun pada anak kelas I SD, pemerikasaan secara berkala setiap 3 bulan sekali dengan tindangkan pencabutan gigi sulung yang erupsi, penambalan gigi dan pembersihan karang gigi serta melakukan rujukan ke puskesmas untuk tindakan lebih lanjut. (3) Output dalam program UKGS yaitu adanya penurunan angka karies gigi pada siswa setelah dilakukan peogram UKGS. (4) Out Came dalam program UKGS yaitu adanya Perubahan perilaku siswa dalam menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut setelah dilakukan program UKGS.Penelitian ini menyarankan perlu adanya peningkatan pengetahuan guru pembina UKS/UKGS melalui pelatihan sebagai bekal untuk membina dan mengatur pelaksaanaan program UKGS di sekolah dan perlu adanya penambahan tenaga kesehatan gigi mengingat banyaknya sekolah binaan yang di bina oleh puskesmas Kassi Kass