Information transfer by quantum matterwave modulation

Classical communication schemes that exploit wave modulation are the basis of the information era. The transfer of information based on the quantum properties of photons revolutionized these modern communication techniques. Here we demonstrate that also matterwaves can be applied for information transfer and that their quantum nature provides a high level of security. Our technique allows transmitting a message by a non-trivial modulation of an electron matterwave in a biprism interferometer. The data is encoded by a Wien filter introducing a longitudinal shift between separated matterwave packets. The transmission receiver is a delay line detector performing a dynamic contrast analysis of the fringe pattern. Our method relies on the Aharonov-Bohm effect and has no light optical analog since it does not shift the phase of the electron interference. A passive eavesdropping attack will cause decoherence and terminating the data transfer. This is demonstrated by introducing a semiconducting surface that disturbs the quantum state by Coulomb interaction and reduces the contrast. We also present a key distribution protocol based on the quantum nature of the matterwaves that can reveal active eavesdropping

Coexistence of Confamilial, Folivorous Indriids, Propithecus diadema and Indri indri, at Betampona Strict Nature Reserve, Madagascar

In this dissertation, I examine how two confamilial and ecologically similar indriids, indri (Indri indri), and diademed sifakas (Propithecus diadema) maintain coexistence in Betampona Nature Reserve (BNR), an eastern lowland rainforest in Madagascar. These two species occur sympatrically throughout much of their species ranges and are similarly-sized folivorous primates. As anatomic folivores, they present an opportunity to investigate how niche differentiation and resource partitioning allow two sympatric primate species with similar feeding patterns to coexist. I examined coexistence strategies and the general behavioral ecology of each species by examining their activity patterns, dietary profiles, home range use, and daily path lengths throughout an annual cycle. I also compared results from my study site to results from other long-term studies. I collected data on six indri groups and three diademed sifaka groups from April 2013 until May 2014. All indications from this study and other reports indicate that both species are diurnal. Both species spent the majority of their daily active period resting followed by feeding. I found a significantly positive relationship between the time spent active and daily maximum temperature. Diademed sifakas had a significantly shorter daily active period on days with higher rainfall but I did not find the same correlation for indri. I found species-specific difference in the time spent, and activities performed in different levels of the forest. While both species spent the majority of their time in the continuous canopy, diademed sifakas traveled to the ground and occupied the under-canopy layer more than indri. Both indri and diademed sifakas consumed young leaves more than any other plant part but dietary overlap was low. Indri primarily fed from only trees whereas diademed sifakas fed from significantly more non-trees (epiphytes, lianas, and ferns), particularly when resource availability was low. I also found significant differences in the forest level occupied while feeding. While both species primarily fed in the continuous canopy level, diademed sifakas fed on the ground and in the under-canopy layer more than indri. Indri fed in the emergent canopy layer more than diademed sifakas. Diademed sifakas had larger home ranges and significantly longer daily path lengths than indri. Both species exhibited clear preferences for some areas of their home ranges over others. Neither species used their home ranges homogenously. This was the first study to examine home range overlap using Kernel Density Estimations (KDE). Using this method, I found that, interspecifically, indri and diademed sifaka home range overlap to be low. Low spatio-temporal overlap was also evident in that interspecific encounters were rare. For both species, daily path length was shortest in the cold, rainy season, and longest in the warm, rainy season. Diademed sifakas, however, decreased their daily path length significantly in the cold, rainy season. Indri decreased their daily path length during this time but not significantly. In summary, I found that indri and diademed sifakas employ coexistence strategies in their activities, dietary profiles, home range use, and daily path lengths. For both species, activity, feeding, and ranging patterns fluctuated throughout the year. General activity, diet, and home range use patterns were consistent with other sites. Throughout primate taxa, sympatric folivorous primates exhibit several non-mutually exclusive strategies through a combination of differing activity patterns, dietary profiles, forest strata occupation, and ranging patterns. The indri and diademed sifakas at BNR exhibited a combination of coexistence strategies primarily via differing dietary profiles and low spatio-temporal overlap

The Implacable Surge of History : Investigating Jewish Activism in Atlanta During the Civil Rights Movement

Existing works on southern Jewry illustrate how most southern Jews were concerned with self-preservation during the Civil Rights Movement. Many historians have untangled perceptions of southern Jewish detachment from civil rights issues to explain how individuals and communities were torn between their sympathy towards the African- American plight and Jewish vulnerability during a period of heightened racial tension. This project draws connections among the American Civil Rights Movement, the southern Jewish experience, and Atlanta race relations in order to identify instances of southern Jewish involvement in the fight for racial equality. What were the forms of activism Jews chose, the circumstances that shaped those decisions, and the underlying goals behind them? Studying Atlanta’s Jewish communities during the 1950s and 1960s helps broaden the conversation on Jewish activism, raise questions of southern Jewish identity, and uncover distinctive avenues for change. Analysis suggests that, although their story is less known, Jewish organizations and individuals in Atlanta found ways to contribute to the fight for civil rights equality within the context of the Jim Crow South

Size Distribution by Light Scattering from Individual Particles

The particle size distribution of a polystyrene latex has been determined using a new light-scattering photometer which measures the scattered radiance as .a function of scattering angle of single aerosolized particles as they are levitated in a laser beam. The results are in agreement with those obtained by conventional light scattering and by electron microscopy. In addition to the main population, two classes of smaller particles were observed. This single particle light-scattering technique offers the possibility of analyzing broader size distributions than heretofore amenable to light scattering and has the added advantage of not requiring any a priori assumptions about the form of the particle size distribution

Little Yaller Boy : Negro Song

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/3261/thumbnail.jp