Sal y salud, el punto de vista del consumidor argentino obtenido por la técnica de grupos focales

The consumption of high levels of salt (NaCl) is associated with hypertension, and possible development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to explore consumers’ understanding of salt in their daily diet, their perceptions and knowledge about health implications and actions to reduce salt intake. Four focus groups were conducted (31 participants): one with university students, two with working adults and one older woman’s group. Some participants were not aware of salt content of food whereas others demonstrated an awareness of salt in food, the role of salt as a preservative, affecting taste and health implications. Reducing consumption of salt tended to be a reactive event when personal/family health events took place rather than a proactive behaviour. Participants tended to consider their own consumption of salt as low/moderate but those who they lived with were perceived to have a high intake based only on table salt. The three adult focus groups expressed concerns about adding salt. Alternatives to salt such as seasonings/spices could be used as strategies to reduce its consumption. At the population level campaigns involving schools and mass media were suggested. Only university students raised the need to involve the food industry and food processors in reducing salt consumption

Being a child with intellectual disabilities in hospital: The need for an individualised approach to care

BACKGROUND: There is limited qualitative research focussed specifically on what it is like for children and young people with intellectual disabilities coming into hospital, with much of the evidence-base being about those with Autism Spectrum Condition or adults with intellectual disabilities. AIM: To share rich detail of the emotional and physical impact on children and young people with intellectual disabilities of attending hospital, from their own and their parent's perspective. METHODS: Talking Mats interviews, sticker survey and photography with children and young people with intellectual disabilities, and in-depth interviews, hospital diaries and photography with their parents. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The multiple and compounding layers of complexity surrounding hospital care of children and young people with intellectual disabilities resulted in challenges associated with loss of familiarity and routine, undergoing procedures, managing sensory overload, managing pain and having a lack of safety awareness. An individualised approach to their care is needed

Equal access to hospital care for children with learning disabilities and their families : a mixed-methods study

Background To our knowledge, there has yet to be a comprehensive review of how well hospital services are meeting the needs of children and young people (hereafter referred to as children) with learning disability and their families. The extent to which their experiences differ from those of parents of children without learning disability is not known. The views and experiences of children with learning disability are almost non-existent in the literature. Aims To identify the cross-organisational, organisational and individual factors in NHS hospitals that facilitate and prevent children with learning disability and their families receiving equal access to high-quality care and services, and to develop guidance for NHS trusts. Design A four-phase transformative, mixed-methods case study design comparing the experiences of children with and children without learning disability, their parents and health-care staff. Methods Phase 1 comprised interviews with senior managers (n = 65), content analysis of hospital documents and a staff survey (n = 2261) across 24 hospitals in England, including all specialist children’s hospitals. Phases 2–4 involved seven of these hospitals. Phase 2 involved (a) interviews and photography with children and their parents (n = 63), alongside a parent hospital diary and record of safety concerns; (c) hospital staff interviews (n = 98) and community staff survey (n = 429); and (d) retrospective mapping of hospital activity. During phase 3, children (n = 803) and parents (n = 812) completed satisfaction surveys. Phase 4 involved seeking consultation on the findings. Data analysis A model for mixed-methods data analysis and synthesis was used. Qualitative data were managed and analysed thematically, supported with NVivo (QSR International, Warrington, UK). Quantitative data were analysed using parametric and non-parametric descriptive statistics. Results Nationally, there is considerable uncertainty within hospitals and variation between hospitals in terms of the policies, systems and practices in place specifically for children with learning disability. Staff are struggling to individualise care and are being let down by an inadequate system. Attitudes and assumptions can have a lasting impact on parents and children. The findings serve as a useful guide to trusts about how best to meet the Learning Disability Improvement standards that have been set. Conclusions Safety issues and quality of care affect all children in acute hospitals and their parents, but the impact on children with learning disability and their parents is much greater. Individualising care is key. Our findings suggest that staff may need to undertake training and gain experience to build their skills and knowledge about children with learning disability generally, as well as generate knowledge about the individual child through proactively working in partnership with parents before their child’s admission. The findings also suggest that we may need to address the impact of children’s hospitalisation on parents’ health and well-being. Future work The greatest need is for the development and validation of an instrument for the assessment and management of risk in children with learning disability in hospital. Limitations We cannot say with certainty that the sites selected are representative of all services caring for children with learning disability. Study registration The study has been registered on the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Clinical Research Network portfolio as 20461 (phase 1) and 31336 (phases 2–4). Funding This project was funded by the NIHR Health and Social Care Delivery Research programme and will be published in full in Health and Social Care Delivery Research; Vol. 10, No. 13. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information

Mapping staff perspectives towards the delivery of hospital care for children and young people with and without learning disabilities in England : a mixed methods national study

Background Children and young people (CYP) with learning disabilities (LD) are a vulnerable population with increased risk of abuse and accidental injury and whose parents have reported concerns about the quality, safety and accessibility of their hospital care. The Care Quality Commission’s (CQC) view of best practice for this group of patients includes: access to senior LD nurse provision; a clearly visible flagging system for identifying them; the use of hospital passports; and defined communication strategies13. What remains unclear is whether these recommendations are being applied and if so, what difference they are making. Furthermore, what we do not know is whether parental concerns of CYP with LD differ from parents of other children with long-term conditions. The aims of this study were to 1) describe the organisational context for healthcare delivery to CYP with LD and their families and 2) compare staff perceptions of their ability to identify the needs of CYP with and without LD and their families and provide high quality care to effectively meet these needs. Methods Individual interviews (n=65) and anonymised online survey (n=2261) were conducted with hospital staff working with CYP in 15 children’s and 9 non-children’s hospitals in England. The majority of interviews were conducted over the telephone and recorded and transcribed verbatim. Ethics approval was obtained and verbal or written consent for data collection was obtained from all interview participants. Results The nature and extent of organisational policies, systems and practices in place within hospitals to support the care of CYP with LD differs across England and some uncertainty exists within and across hospitals as to what is currently available and accessed. Staff perceived that those with LD were included less, valued less, and less safe than CYP without LD. They also reported having less confidence, capability and capacity to meet the needs of this population compared to those without LD. Conclusion Findings indicate inequality with regards the provision of high quality hospital care to children and young people with intellectual disabilities that meets their needs. There is a pressing need to understand the impact this has on them and their families.</p

Narraciones de uno mismo: Reflexiones sobre el uso de diarios solicitados y entrevistas sobre ellos

In using the solicited diaries to access the everyday ways in which self-identified lesbians and gay men are made aware of their sexuality, this paper considers the role of solicited diaries combined with diary interviews. Furthermore it draws on empirical evidence to argue that a diary interview provides a richer, deeper and contextual understanding of the documented experiences. The paper reflects on the participants' experiences of keeping the solicited diary, the narratives produced through the solicited diaries and heterosexism as one the main themes to emerge from the solicited diaries and diary interview analysis. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1002160Der Beitrag behandelt die Kombination von Tagebüchern, die die Art und Weise thematisieren, wie lesbische Frauen und schwule Männer in ihrem Alltag mit ihrer Sexualität konfrontiert werden, mit Tagebuchinterviews. Rückgreifend auf eine empirische Studie wird für den Einsatz solcher Interviews plädiert, da sie ein reichhaltigeres, tieferes und kontextuelles Verständnis der Tagebücher selbst erlauben. Die Erfahrungen der Teilnehmer/innen der Studie mit dem Prozess des Tagebuchschreibens, der Gehalt der so produzierten Dokumente und "Heterosexismus" als eines der Hauptthemen der Tagebuch- und der Interviewanalysen werden reflektiert. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1002160Como una reflexión acerca del uso de diarios solicitados para acceder a las formas cotidianas en las que hombres y mujeres homosexuales autodefinidos se hacen conscientes de su sexualidad, este artículo considera el uso de diarios solicitados combinado con entrevistas sobre los diarios y extrae evidencia empírica para argumentar que una entrevista sobre los diarios ofrece una comprensión más rica, profunda y contextual de las experiencias documentadas. El artículo reflexiona sobre las experiencias de los participantes al mantener el diario solicitado, las narrativas generadas a través del mismo y la heterosexualidad como uno los temas principales que surgen del análisis de los diarios solicitados y las entrevistas sobre ellos. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs100216

Geographies of marginalised identities in non-metropolitan spaces

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Narrating oneself: reflections on the use of solicited diaries with diary interviews

Der Beitrag behandelt die Kombination von Tagebüchern, die die Art und Weise thematisieren, wie lesbische Frauen und schwule Männer in ihrem Alltag mit ihrer Sexualität konfrontiert werden, mit Tagebuchinterviews. Rückgreifend auf eine empirische Studie wird für den Einsatz solcher Interviews plädiert, da sie ein reichhaltigeres, tieferes und kontextuelles Verständnis der Tagebücher selbst erlauben. Die Erfahrungen der Teilnehmer/innen der Studie mit dem Prozess des Tagebuchschreibens, der Gehalt der so produzierten Dokumente und "Heterosexismus" als eines der Hauptthemen der Tagebuch- und der Interviewanalysen werden reflektiert.In using the solicited diaries to access the everyday ways in which self-identified lesbians and gay men are made aware of their sexuality, this paper considers the role of solicited diaries combined with diary interviews. Furthermore it draws on empirical evidence to argue that a diary interview provides a richer, deeper and contextual understanding of the documented experiences. The paper reflects on the participants' experiences of keeping the solicited diary, the narratives produced through the solicited diaries and heterosexism as one the main themes to emerge from the solicited diaries and diary interview analysis.Como una reflexión acerca del uso de diarios solicitados para acceder a las formas cotidianas en las que hombres y mujeres homosexuales autodefinidos se hacen conscientes de su sexualidad, este artículo considera el uso de diarios solicitados combinado con entrevistas sobre los diarios y extrae evidencia empírica para argumentar que una entrevista sobre los diarios ofrece una comprensión más rica, profunda y contextual de las experiencias documentadas. El artículo reflexiona sobre las experiencias de los participantes al mantener el diario solicitado, las narrativas generadas a través del mismo y la heterosexualidad como uno los temas principales que surgen del análisis de los diarios solicitados y las entrevistas sobre ellos

Narrating Oneself: Reflections on the use of Solicited Diaries with Diary Interviews

In using the solicited diaries to access the everyday ways in which self-identified lesbians and gay men are made aware of their sexuality, this paper considers the role of solicited diaries combined with diary interviews. Furthermore it draws on empirical evidence to argue that a diary interview provides a richer, deeper and contextual understanding of the documented experiences. The paper reflects on the participants' experiences of keeping the solicited diary, the narratives produced through the solicited diaries and heterosexism as one the main themes to emerge from the solicited diaries and diary interview analysis. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs100216