10 research outputs found
Roadmap on multifunctional materials for drug delivery
This Roadmap on drug delivery aims to cover some of the most recent advances in the field of materials for drug delivery systems (DDSs) and emphasizes the role that multifunctional materials play in advancing the performance of modern DDS s in the context of the most current challenges presented. The Roadmap is comprised of multiple sections, each of which introduces the status of the field, the current and future challenges faced, and a perspective of the required advances necessary for biomaterial science to tackle these challenges. It is our hope that this collective vision will contribute to the initiation of conversation and collaboration across all areas of multifunctional materials for DDSs. We stress that this article is not meant to be a fully comprehensive review but rather an up-to-date snapshot of different areas of research, with a minimal number of references that focus upon the very latest research developments
Enantiomorphous Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica-Based Nanocomposite Hydrogel Scaffolds for Cell Adhesion and Cell Enrichment
The chemical functionalization of
nanomaterials with bioactive
molecules has been used as an effective tool to mimic extracellular
matrix (ECM) and to study the cell-material interaction in tissue
engineering applications. In this respect, this study demonstrates
the use of enantiomerically functionalized periodic mesoporous organosilicas
(PMO) for the generation of new multifunctional 3D nanocomposite (NC)
hydrogels to control the affinity of cells to the hydrogel surfaces
and so to control the enrichment of cells and simultaneous drug delivery
in 3D network. The functionalization of PMO with enantiomers of bioactive
molecules, preparation of their nanocomposite hydrogels, and the stereoselective
interaction of them with selected cell types are described. The results
show that the affinity of cells to the respective NC hydrogel scaffolds
is affected by the nature of the biomolecule and its enantiomers,
which is more pronounced in serum containing media. The differentiation
of enantiomorphous NC hydrogels by cells is used to enrich one cell
type from a mixture of two cells. Finally, PMO are utilized as nanocontainers
to release two different dye molecules as a proof of principle for
multidrug delivery in 3D NC hydrogel scaffolds
Oxygen and Drug-Carrying Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas for Enhanced Cell Viability under Normoxic and Hypoxic Conditions
Over the last decade, inorganic/organic hybrids have been exploited for oxygen-carrying materials and drug delivery. Its low-cost synthesis, controlled shape and size, and stability have made it a viable delivery strategy for therapeutic agents. Rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside) is a bioflavonoid found in fruits and vegetables. Rutin has a variety of pharmaceutical applications, but its low water solubility reduces its stability and bioavailability. As a result, we introduce a new and stable nanosystem for loading a low-soluble drug (rutin) into oxygen-carrying periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMO-PFCs). Over the course of 14 days, this nanosystem provided a sustained oxygen level to the cells in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. At different pH values, the drug release (rutin) profile is also observed. Furthermore, the rutin-coated PMO-PFCs interacted with both healthy and malignant cells. The healthy cells have better cell viability on the rutin-coated oxygen-carrying PMO-PFCs, while the malignant cells have a lower cell viability
Janus Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Chirality-Dependent Cell Adhesion and Migration
Recently,
there has been much interest in the chirality-dependent cell affinity
to enantiomorphous nanomaterials (NMs), since, at the nanoscale level,
enantiomers of (bio)Âmolecules have different effects on cell behaviors.
In this respect, this study used enantiomorphous NMs with which to
generate the Janus nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels as multifunctional
biomaterials for studying chirality-dependent cell adhesion and cell
migration. These Janus NC hydrogels possess two enantiomorphous NC
hydrogels, in which the different halves of the hydrogel contain the
opposite enantiomers of a biopolymer functionalized nanomaterials.
Thus, the enantiomers contact each other only at the midline of the
hydrogel but are otherwise separated, yet they are present in the
same system. This advanced system allows us to simultaneously study
the impact that each enantiomer of a biopolymer has on cell behavior
under the same reaction conditions, at the same time, and using only
a single biomaterial. Our results show that cells have higher affinity
for and migrate toward the part of the Janus NC hydrogel containing
the biopolymer enantiomer that the cells prefer
Functional Nanomaterials on 2D Surfaces and in 3D Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications
An emerging approach to improve the physicobiochemical properties and the multifunctionality of biomaterials is to incorporate functional nanomaterials (NMs) onto 2D surfaces and into 3D hydrogel networks. This approach is starting to generate promising advanced functional materials such as self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels of NMs with remarkable properties and tailored functionalities that are beneficial for a variety of biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, and developing biosensors. A wide range of NMs, such as carbon-, metal-, and silica-based NMs, can be integrated into 2D and 3D biomaterial formulations due to their unique characteristics, such as magnetic properties, electrical properties, stimuli responsiveness, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, and chemical composition. The highly ordered nano- or microscale assemblies of NMs on surfaces alter the original properties of the NMs and add enhanced and/or synergetic and novel features to the final SAMs of the NM constructs. Furthermore, the incorporation of NMs into polymeric hydrogel networks reinforces the (soft) polymer matrix such that the formed NC hydrogels show extraordinary mechanical properties with superior biological properties
Cell Growth on (âJanusâ) Density Gradients of Bifunctional Zeolite L Crystals
Nanoparticle
density gradients on surfaces have attracted interest
as two-dimensional material surfaces that can mimic the complex nano-/microstructure
of the native extracellular matrix, including its chemical and physical
gradients, and can therefore be used to systematically study cellâmaterial
interactions. In this respect, we report the preparation of density
gradients made of bifunctional zeolite L crystals on glass surfaces
and the effects of the density gradient and biopolymer functionalization
of zeolite L crystals on cell adhesion. We also describe how we created
âJanusâ density gradient surfaces by gradually depositing
two different types of zeolite L crystals that were functionalized
and loaded with different chemical groups and guest molecules onto
the two distinct sides of the same glass substrate. Our results show
that more cells adhered on the density gradient of biopolymer-coated
zeolites than on uncoated ones. The number of adhered cells increased
up to a certain surface coverage of the glass by the zeolite L crystals,
but then it decreased beyond the zeolite density at which a higher
surface coverage decreased fibroblast cell adhesion and spreading.
Additionally, cell experiments showed that cells gradually internalized
the guest-molecule-loaded zeolite L crystals from the underlying density
gradient containing bifunctional zeolite L crystals
Roadmap on multifunctional materials for drug delivery
This Roadmap on drug delivery aims to cover some of the most recent advances in the field of materials for drug delivery systems (DDSs) and emphasizes the role that multifunctional materials play in advancing the performance of modern DDS _s in the context of the most current challenges presented. The Roadmap is comprised of multiple sections, each of which introduces the status of the field, the current and future challenges faced, and a perspective of the required advances necessary for biomaterial science to tackle these challenges. It is our hope that this collective vision will contribute to the initiation of conversation and collaboration across all areas of multifunctional materials for DDSs. We stress that this article is not meant to be a fully comprehensive review but rather an up-to-date snapshot of different areas of research, with a minimal number of references that focus upon the very latest research developments