An anatomical study on scabiosa hispidula boiss. (Caprifoliaceae)

Taksonomik açıdan karışıklıklar içeren Scabiosa L. cinsi, Caprifoliaceae familyasının en önemli cinslerinden biridir ve ülkemizde yaklaşık 36 takson ile temsil edilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Mayıs-Eylül ayları arasında çiçeklenen ve tek yıllık bir bitki olan Scabiosa hispidula Boiss. türünün, anatomik özelliklerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla kök, gövde ve yapraklardan alınan enine kesitler incelenerek fotograflandırılmıştır. Gövde enine kesitinde gözlenen salgı tüyleri ve hidatotlar karakteristiktir.Scabiosa L. genus contains taxonomic confusions is one of the most important genus of the family Caprifoliaceae and is represented by 36 taxon in Turkey. The aim of this study was to determine the anatomical features of Scabiosa hispidula Boiss. with an annual and flowering between May and September. For this purpose, cross-sections of root, stem and leaf parts of the plant were examined and demonstrated by photographs. The glandular hairs and hydathode was observed in the cross-section of stem are characteristics for S. hispidula

Prognostic value of PET-CT scan at the time of diagnosis in sarcoma patients

Bu çalışma sarkom tanılı hastalarda PET- BT görüntülemenin primer tümör karakteri ile de kıyaslanarak prognostik değerinin araştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada 2000-2014 yılları arasında Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Tıbbi Onkoloji Kliniği'ne başvuran sarkom tanılı 27 yumuşak doku sarkomlu, 18 kemik sarkomlu hasta retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Hastaların tanı anındaki klinik bilgileri, histopatolojik özellikleri, PET-BT görüntüleme sonucu elde edilen sayısal verileri incelenmiştir. Tümör çapı, histolojik tipi, histolojik grade, SUVmax ve SULmax değeri kıyaslanmış; sağkalım üzerine etkisi analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmaya dahil hastaların SUVmax tutulum düzeyleri 1,1 ile 32,8 arasında değişmekte olup medyan değer 6,8' dir. Tümör çapı arttıkça SUV değerinin arttığı görülmüştür. hastalardan 9' u düşük grade iken 36 hasta yüksek grade saptanmıştır. Yüksek grade kemik sarkomları ile yumuşak doku sarkomlarında medyan SUVmax değerleri arasında fark görülmüştür ancak bu veri istatiksel olarak anlamlı değildir. Histolojik grade arttıkça tümör 18F- FDG tutulumunun arttığı istatiksel olarak anlamlı olmamakla birlikte görülmüştür. SUVmax değeri 5,5' in üzerinde olan hastalar % 61 sensitivite ve % 78spesifite ile yüksek grade olarak saptanmıştır. Düşük gradeli hasta grubunda hiç ex olan hasta olmaması nedeni ile grade açısından sağkalım kıyaslaması yapılamamıştır ancak SUVmax 5,5' in üzerinde olan hastalarda sağkalımın anlamlı bir şekilde azaldığı gösterilmiştir. Sonuç olarak tümör histopatolojik özellikleri ile 18F- FDG tutulumu arasında ilişki olduğu, PET- BT görüntüleme ile elde edilen verilerin prognozu yansıttığı görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte hasta sayısının az olması, çalışmanın retrospektif olarak yapılması nedeni ile konu ile ilgili daha geniş hasta gruplu randomize kontrollü çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.This study was conducted to investigate prognostic value of PET-CT scan by comparing primary tumor characteristic in patients diagnosed as sarcoma. In the study, we retrospectively reviewed 27 patients with soft tissue sarcoma and 18 patients with osseous sarcoma who presented to Medical Oncology Clinic of Gazi University Medicine School between 2000 and 2014. Clinical data at presentation, histopathological features, numeric data obtained from PET-CT scans were evaluated in all patients. Diameter, histological type and histological grade of tumor, SUVmax and SULmax values were compared and their influences on survival were analyzed. Median SUVmax was 6.8 (range: 1.1-32.8) in the patients included. It was seen that SUVmax was increased by increasing tumor diameter. Nıne patients had low-grade sarcoma while 36 had high-grade sarcoma. A significant difference was observed in median SUVmax value between high-grade osseous and soft tissue sarcomas but the difference was not statistical significant. It was found that 18F-FDG uptake was increased by histological grade but the increase didn't reach statistical significance. The patients with SUVmax value>5.5 were detected as high-grade sarcoma with a sensitivity of 61% and specificity of 78%. No comparison was performed regarding survival according to histological grade, as there was no death in low-grade sarcoma group; however, it was shown that there was significant decrease in survival among patients with SUVmax value>5.5. In conclusion, it was seen that there is a correlation between 18F-FDG uptake and that data obtained from PET-CT scan reflect prognosis. However, there is a need for randomized, controlled studies with larger sample size on this topic as our study had limited sample size and retrospective design

PET/CT, an important imaging modality in the management of sarcoma patients

Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin. 18 Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/Computed Tomography (CT) is a combined imaging modality that could provide an anatomic and functional assessment of many solid tumors. In this study, the association between primary tumor characteristics (grade, histologic type, stage, localization) and the FDG-PET/ CT data of the primary tumor at the diagnosis were evaluated. The study aimed to determine the diagnostic role of numerical metabolic values determined in PET/CT in predicting grade, prognosis, and other patient characteristics of sarcoma patients. Patients with soft tissue and bone sarcoma who applied to the oncology department of Gazi University Faculty of Medicine between 2000 and 2014 were evaluated retrospectively. All patients underwent PET imaging with FDG before initiation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy or resection. Sarcoma patients (27 soft tissue, 18 bone sarcoma) were evaluated retrospectively in this study. Tumor size was found to correlate with SUVmax. Histologic grade was found to be associated with tumor 18F-FDG, but this was not statistically significant because of the small patient number. The optimal cut-off SUVmax value in showing the difference between low and high grades was 5.5. Overall survival was shown to be shorter in patients with SUVmax ≥5.5. In this study, we aimed to show the relationship between histologic grade and tumor metabolic activity. PET-CT could give an idea about tumor histologic grade and predict survival. It has an important role in diagnosis and also in determining the prognosis. [Med-Science 2023; 12(4.000): 1218-22

Importance of RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-Stage Renal Failure) and AKIN (Acute Kidney Injury Network) in Hemodialysis Initiation and Intensive Care Unit Mortality.

Our study evaluated the differences between early and late hemodialysis (HD) initiation in the intensive care unit (ICU) according to the RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage renal failure) and AKIN (Acute Kidney Injury Network) classifications. On the assumption that early initiation of HD in critical patients according to the RIFLE and AKIN criteria decreases mortality, we retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 68 patients in our medical ICU and divided the patients into 2 groups: Those undergoing HD in no risk, risk, or injury stage according to RIFLE and in stage 0, I, or II according to AKIN were defined as early HD and those in failure stage according to RIFLE and in stage III according to AKIN were defined as late HD. The median age of the patients was 66.5 years, and 56.5% were male. HD was started in 25% and 39.7% of the patients in the early stage in the RIFLE and AKIN classification, respectively. According to RIFLE, HD was started in 61.5% of the surviving patients in the early stage; this rate was 16.4% in the deceased patients (P=0.001). HD was commenced in 69.2% of the surviving patients in AKIN stages 0, I, and II and in 32.7% of the deceased patients (P=0.026). Sepsis (61.5% vs. 94.5%; P=0.001) and mechanical ventilation (30.8% vs. 87.3%; P<0.001) during HD increased ICU mortality, whereas HD initiation in the early stages according to RIFLE decreased ICU mortality (61.5% vs. 16.4%; P=0.001). In conclusion, in critically ill patients, HD initiation in the early stages according to the RIFLE classification decreased our ICU mortality

Investigating the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of different vinegars

Capanoglu, Esra/0000-0003-0335-9433; Guler, Funda Karbancioglu/0000-0001-6576-0084; Devecioglu, Dilara/0000-0001-6681-0944WOS: 000414155800002In this study, the antioxidant contents and the antimicrobial activities of 18 vinegar samples were investigated. For this purpose, total flavonoid contents (TFC) and total phenolic contents (TPC) of different vinegar samples were determined. in addition, total antioxidant capacities (TAC) of vinegars were analyzed using four different in vitro tests: ABTS, CUPRAC, DPPH, and FRAP, in parallel. Results obtained from antioxidant analyses showed that balsamic vinegar had the highest TFC (96 +/- 18 mg CE/100 mL) and TPC values (255 +/- 24 mg GAE/100 mL), as well as the highest TAC determined using CUPRAC (709 +/- 108 mg Trolox/100 mL) and FRAP (421 +/- 28 mg Trolox/100 mL) methods. the phenolic profiles of vinegar samples were identified by performing HPLC analysis. Among all vinegar samples studied, the most abundant phenolic compounds were determined to be gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Furthermore, antimicrobial activities of different vinegars, against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Escherichia coli, were evaluated using disc diffusion method; the results of which were related to the acetic acid contents and the pH values of the vinegar samples. Balsamic vinegar was again determined to be the sample that had the highest antimicrobial activity, which showed a strong antibacterial activity against S. Typhimurium. Antibacterial activities of vinegars could partly be related to both their acetic acid contents and the pH values, and also to their phenolic contents.Istanbul Technical University, Scientific Research Projects (BAP) UnitIstanbul Technical UniversityThis study was financially supported by the Istanbul Technical University, Scientific Research Projects (BAP) Unit. We also thank Mehmet Basri Celiker and Kuhne Co. (Kemalpasa, Izmir, Turkey) and also Erkan Tekgunduz and Icmeli Dogal Urunler Co. for supplying the samples

Effect of Different Drying Techniques on Total Bioactive Compounds and Individual Phenolic Composition in Goji Berries

In recent years, interest in the consumption of dried goji berries has increased due to its high bioactive properties. Alternative drying methods that provide faster drying and better preservation of bioactive properties should be developed. This study aims to investigate the effect of different drying methods on the drying time and quality characteristics of the goji berry; namely, hot-air drying (HAD), ultrasound-assisted vacuum drying (USVD), vacuum drying (VD), freeze-drying (FD), and ultrasound-pretreated freeze-drying (USFD). The drying kinetic, total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, phenolic profile, carotenoid profile, and color change of the goji berry fruit were determined. The drying times for VD, USVD, and HAD varied between 275–1330 min. USVD treatment showed faster drying behavior than the other two drying methods. The total phenolic content (TPC) value of dry samples varied between 1002.53–1238.59 mg GAE/g DM. USVD treatments exhibited a higher total phenolic content (TPC) value than all other drying methods. DPPH and CUPRAC values varied between 15.70–29.90 mg TE/g DM and 40.98–226.09 mg TE/g DM, respectively. The total color change (ΔE) value ranged between 4.59 and 23.93 and HAD dried samples showed the highest ΔE of all samples. The results of the phenolic profile were consistent with TPC analysis. HAD caused higher phenolic compound degradation than VD, USVD, and FD. The results of this study showed that different drying techniques significantly affected the drying rate and retention of bioactive components of the goji berry fruit, and the USVD and VD methods could be used as an alternative to the HAD method. This study concluded that USVD and FD could be considered as suitable drying methods and could be used as alternatives to HAD in the drying of goji berries