Cultural shifts in developed countries in the last two centuries: Attitude to nutrition

Nutrition process and practices are one of the basic elements of the human routine life. This process has a significant cultural and historical imprint and subject to social changes. The paper is devoted to food studies. Food studies is the new interdisciplinary field that includes critical analysis of food and its contexts in science, art, history and society. Food studies cover wide range of sociocultural issues related to food and nutrition. All these issues reflect the approach to nutrition not as to satisfaction of basic human need in food but as to significant and historically variable sociocultural practice and part of the lifestyle. The paper examines how the attitude to various types of food and drinks has changed over the course of two centuries, as well as to nutrition in general in developed countries. The data source is a collection of books created by Google as the only source of long-term data. The time frame for the various changes has been established. Some of our results confirm the established opinions, others are unexpected

The attitude of women in Russia to the prevention of breast cancer and ovarian cancer: Results of a sociological survey.

Breast cancer and ovarian cancer are among the most common causes of death for women in Russia. It has been found that women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations are at high risk of developing breast cancer and ovarian cancer, so it is relevant to determine the nature of BRCA genes in the human genome for the prevention of cancer. The article presents the results of a sociological survey of women of the Republic of Tatarstan (Russia) to determine the level of their awareness of the risks of cancer development, the demand for carrying out the genetic tests to identify the predisposition to the breast cancer and ovarian cancer, and the motives of acceptance or rejection of the existing methods of diagnosis and prevention of oncological diseases. The method of collecting the empirical data was the semi-formalized interviews. The analysis revealed the need and demand for targeted integrated measures aimed at promoting the healthy lifestyle, at informing about the methods of precaution, treatment, and prevention of oncological diseases

Variations of social psychology of Russian society in last 100 years

© 2015 IEEE.The study compares the dynamics of a number of important socio-demographic parameters with the frequency of the use of keywords for Russian society. We have shown that the frequency of words typical for the patriarchal way of life of Russian society in the 19th century decreases with the reduction of rural population. The paper discusses the interaction of moral values of society, its state ideology and environmental changes. Similar studies were carried out earlier for the English and Chinese languages. Our results confirm the findings of these studies partially. We also have considered the connection of these processes with the frequency of the use of emotive language. Google Books Ngram was used as a source of lexical data

PENGARUH VARIASI BEBAN TERHADAP EFISIENSI SOLAR CELL DENGAN KAPASITAS 50 WP

Efek krisis energi di Indonesia masih sangat dirasakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia.  Energi listrik menjadi kebutuhan yang sangat penting bagi masyarakat, sejalan dengan meningkatnya laju pertumbuhan penduduk dan pembangunan di segala bidang. Sebagai upaya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tenaga listrik tersebut sekaligus penanggulangan kondisi krisis penyediaan tenaga listrik di beberapa daerah, maka dapat  memanfaatkan Potensi alam untuk dijadikan energi listrik. Salah satu Potensi alam sebagai sumber energi listrik adalah energi tenaga matahari. Matahari merupakan sumber energi utama bagi sebagian besar proses-proses yang terjadi dipermukaan bumi. Tujuan penelitian ini akan menghasilkan efisiensi solar cell dengan metode penelitian yang menggunakan beberapa beban yaitu 3 watt, 6 watt dan 9 watt dalam mempengaruhi efisiensi solar cell. Efisiensi dengan menggunakan waktu pengambilan data dari jam 08.00 sampai dengan 17.00. Hasil yang didapatkan yaitu untuk beban 3 watt yaitu menghasilkan efisiensi 84 % dan untuk beban 6 watt yaitu menghasilkan efisiensi 90 % serta beban 9 watt menghasilkan menghasilkan efisiensi 86 % sehingga disimpulkan bahwa efisiensi solar cell dengan kapasitas 50 WP maksimum pada jam 12.00 siang

The Population Need in Genetic Tests for Predisposition to Breast Cancer

The article presents the results of sociological survey of women of the Republic of Tatarstan (Russia) concerning establishment of level of awareness about risks of development of oncologic diseases, need for application of genetic tests determining predisposition to breast and ovary cancer and also motives of acceptance or nonacceptance of existing modes of diagnostic and prevention of oncologic diseases. The breast and ovary cancer are among the most prevalent causes of female mortality in Russia. It is established that females with gene mutations BRCA1 and BRCA2 have a higher risk of development of breast and ovary cancer. Therefore, to determine character of genes BRCA in human genome is actual for prevention of oncologic diseases. The early diagnostic of oncologic diseases can significantly increase effectiveness of struggle with similar illnesses. The obtained data shows superficial awareness of Russian females about problem of breast and ovary cancer. The majority knows about existence of gene predisposition to disease but are not aware of characteristics of diagnostic, prevention and treatment of of these types of oncologic diseases. The female respondents in most cases are favorable to pass genetic diagnostic. However, they demonstrate nonacceptance of such radical mode of problem solution as preventive surgery of ablation of potentially dangerous organ. The most of female respondents prefer strategies of traditional monitoring for early detection of disease. The main causes of refusal of early gene diagnostic and preventive surgery are related, besides psychological and personal phobias, to such factors as distrust to health care system and uncertainty in qualification and accessibility of medical care

Analysis of drift effects on the tokamak power scrape-off width using SOLPS-ITER

SOLPS-ITER, a comprehensive 2D scrape-off layer modeling package, is used to examine the physical mechanisms that set the scrape-off width (lambda(q)) for inter-ELM power exhaust. Guided by Goldston\u27s heuristic drift (HD) model, which shows remarkable quantitative agreement with experimental data, this research examines drift effects on lambda(q) in a DIII-D H-mode magnetic equilibrium. As a numerical expedient, a low target recycling coefficient of 0.9 is used in the simulations, resulting in outer target plasma that is sheath limited instead of conduction limited as in the experiment. Scrape-off layer (SOL) particle diffusivity (D-SOL) is scanned from 1 to 0.1 m(2) s(-1). Across this diffusivity range, outer divertor heat flux is dominated by a narrow (similar to 3-4 mm when mapped to the outer midplane) electron convection channel associated with thermoelectric current through the SOL from outer to inner divertor. An order-unity up-down ion pressure asymmetry allows net ion drift flux across the separatrix, facilitated by an artificial mechanism that mimics the anomalous electron transport required for overall ambipolarity in the HD model. At D-SOL = 0.1 m(2) s(-1), the density fall-off length is similar to the electron temperature fall-off length, as predicted by the HD model and as seen experimentally. This research represents a step toward a deeper understanding of the power scrape-off width, and serves as a basis for extending fluid modeling to more experimentally relevant, high-collisionality regimes

Drifts, currents, and power scrape-off width in SOLPS-ITER modeling of DIII-D

The effects of drifts and associated flows and currents on the width of the parallel heat flux channel (lambda(q)) in the tokamak scrape-offlayer (SOL) are analyzed using the SOLPS-ITER 2D fluid transport code. Motivation is supplied by Goldston\u27s heuristic drift (HD) model for lambda(q), which yields the same approximately inverse poloidal magnetic field dependence seen in multi-machine regression. The analysis, focusing on a DIII-D H-mode discharge, reveals HD-like features, including comparable density and temperature fall-off lengths in the SOL, and up-down ion pressure asymmetry that allows net cross-separatrix ion magnetic drift flux to exceed net anomalous ion flux. In experimentally relevant high-recycling cases, scans of both toroidal and poloidal magnetic field (B-tor and B-pol) are conducted, showing minimal lambda(q) dependence on either component of the field. Insensitivity to B-tor is expected, and suggests that SOLPS-ITER is effectively capturing some aspects of HD physics. Absence of lambda(q) dependence on B-pol, however, is inconsistent with both the HD model and experimental results. The inconsistency is attributed to strong variation in the parallel Mach number, which violates one of the premises of the HD model. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Medico-social markers of a federal university students� health

This article is an interdisciplinary research project at the intersection of biomedicine and social sciences dedicated to the reproduction of students' health. Health is the most important capital for an active social life and self-realization of young people in training, career activities and future family life. The education in high school is an important step in the lives of young people, in the course of which the basic elements of lifestyle are examined together with habits, values and priorities. The project is aimed at identifying trends in the reproduction of social and physical health of students in the university institutional environment and the development of its potential as a personnel reserve of the country. The bank of genomic DNA samples, medical and social health passports of the experimental group, received due to the research, enable to identify the mechanisms of disease occurrence and to develop the new methods of treatment and prevention, as well as to create a model for evaluating the social and physical potential of students of the federal universities

Evaluation of ITER divertor shunts as a synthetic diagnostic for detachment control

Reliable diagnostics that measure the detached state of the ITER divertor plasma will be necessary to control heat flux to the divertor targets during steady state, burning plasma operation. This paper conducts an initial exploration into the feasibility of the divertor shunt diagnostic as a lightweight, robust, and real-time detachment sensor. This diagnostic is a set of shunt lead pairs that measure the voltage drop along the divertor cassette body, from which the plasma scrape-off layer (SOL) current is calculated. Using SOLPS-ITER simulations for control-relevant ITER plasma scenarios, the thermoelectric current magnitude along the SOL is shown to decrease significantly with the onset of partial detachment at the outer divertor target. Electromagnetic modelling of a simplified divertor cassette is used to develop a control-oriented inductance-resistance circuit model, from which SOL currents can be calculated from shunt pair voltage measurements. The sensitivity and frequency-response of the resulting system indicates that the diagnostic will accurately measure SOL thermoelectric currents during ITER operation. These currents will be a good measure of the detached state of the divertor plasma, making the divertor shunt diagnostic a potentially extremely valuable and physically robust sensor for real-time detachment control