DESIGN OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED TID CONTROLLER FOR TRANSIENT STABILITY IMPROVEMENT

This paper is to present the design of the neural network based TID controller applicable to static VAR compensator (SVC) on two machine 3-bus transmission system to improve the transient stability when sudden disturbances occur in transmission system. i.e three phase fault. The power system network considered is to simulated using phasor simulation method. Comparisons regarding stability are done for the system without controller, PI control ler, TID controller and Neural Network based TID controller. Simulation results show that the proposed Adaptive Neural network based TID controller was effective in reducing power system oscillations compared to other controllers

Prevalence of Skin Diseases in Female Prisoners in Turkey: Analysis of Impact of Prison Conditions and Psychological Stress

Prisons have been considered as communal places where risk of contagious diseases and dermatological diseases associated with stress are more frequent. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of skin diseases in female prisoners with special focus on psychological stress. We held a day-time dermatology polyclinic for 6-weeks. The patients were given Beck Depression Inventory and a questionnaire including the impact of skin disease. A total of 383 female prisoners were examined; 41 diseases were diagnosed. Acne was the most prevalent condition (34%), followed by hair loss (19%), dry skin (16%) and eczema (12%). Thirty-six percent of the prisoners felt embarrassed, 34% felt anxious and 45% felt sad about their skin disease. Forty-seven percent of the responders were found in severe depression according to BDI responses. We could not find any association between BDI results and any kind of skin disease. Our results showed that prisoners have benign and common skin conditions that were similar to those in a free environment.</p

Production of antibiotics by marine Actinomycetes induced by human pathogens

Cross species signal transfer mediated induction of antibiotic production by the marine actinomycetes against common bacterial pathogens was investigated in the present study. Marine actinomycetes were isolated and analyzed for their efficacy in antibiotic production against common clinical pathogens viz., Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella and Proteus sp. Out of 4 actinomycetes isolates analyzed, two isolates exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas and proteus sp. Isolate designated as PAS5 (S.echinatus) and PAS8 (A.mutabilis) produced antibiotic when co-cultured with Pseudomonas and proteus sp. cells. Cell free extract of PAS5 (S.echinatus)and PAS8 (A.mutabilis) cultivated in the presence of heat killed Pseudomonas and Proteus sp. cells was subjected to solvent extraction by ethyl acetate and antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion method. Present study on induced antibiotic production by Pseudomonas and Proteus sp. gives in a new insight for the discovery of pathogen targeted or specific antibiotic production which can be later commercially developed

Water as catalyst and solvent: Tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols in an aqueous medium

Water is found to catalyze the tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols at elevated temperature. Interestingly, tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols works under a wide range of pH, 6.5 to 2 and does not work beyond pH 7.5 in an aqueous medium. Hydrophobic interactions between the substrate alcohol and Dihydropyran ether (DHP) and favorable pKa’s of water, alcohols, and protonated hydroxyl and protonated ethereal functions are the driving forces for the reaction. Thus the reaction, which is carried out in anhydrous aprotic solvents, can be carried out in aqueous medium in an environmentally benign way

Tetrabutylammonium tribromide mediated condensation of carboxylic acids with alcohol

The direct condensation of various carboxylic acids and alcohols was achieved efficiently at reflux temperature under a solvent free condition using a catalytic amount of Tetrabutylammonium Tribromide (TBATB). Chemoselective acylation of primary alcohols in presence of secondary alcohols and phenols has been achieved. Steric factors in carboxylic acids played a crucial role during chemoselective acylation of diols. Reaction under a solvent free condition, absence of any dehydrating agent or use of any special techniques for removal of water and higher yields are the important features of this protocol

Dilde Neokolonyalizm: Fransa Örneği

Dil politikaları günümüzde ülkeler tarafından önemsenen bir olgudur. Ülkeler kendi sınırları içinde ve dışında belli dil politikaları uygulamaktadırlar. Sömürgeci ülkeler kendi sınırları içinde millî bütünlüğünü sağlamaya yönelik bir politika uygularken, ülkeleri dışında ise yayılmaya yönelik bir eğilimle dilde merkezîleşme amacı gütmektedirler. Bazı Batılı ülkeler sömürge politikası sonucunda asimile ettiği, dilini unutturduğu, etnik azınlıklarda toplum diline yaptığı kısıtlamacı yaklaşımla sömürme fiilini dilde gerçekleştirmeye devam etmektedir.Kolonyal ideoloji ile yayılmacı bir politika izleyen Batı toplumları dil üzerinden söz konusu politikalarına yeni bir boyut kazandırmışlardır. Bazı Av-rupalı sömürgeciler ekonomik yönden egemen oldukları ülkelerde aynı za-manda dillerinin öğrenilmesini de zorunlu hâle getirerek yeni nesillerin okul-larda yerel dillerini öğrenmelerini ve kullanmalarını yasaklamaktadır. Kolon-yalist düzen yeni nesillerin yanı sıra yetişkinlerin de sosyal statü ve ekonomik yönden yükselme arzularını dil üzerinden baskı yoluyla karşılamayı vadetmek-tedir. Böylece kültürel bir hegemonya ortaya çıkmaktadır

Mild and eco-friendly chemoselective acylation of amines in aqueous medium

Amines in the form of amine hydrochlorides are efficiently acylated with anhydrides in an aqueous medium on addition of NaHCO3. Both cyclic and acyclic anhydrides react with equal ease with an amine and amines of various stereo-electronic factors react with the same rates with an anhydride. No chromatographic separation is needed for isolation of the acylated product. Reactions in aqueous medium, innocuous by-products and chemoselective acylation of amines in the presence of phenols and thiols have been achieved with high selectivity

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Psoriasis

Background. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder in which proinflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and TNF-α increase both locally and systematically. It is thought that chronic inflammation results in metabolic diseases and proinflammatory cytokines give rise to the development of atherogenesis, peripheral insulin resistance, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Methods. Study consisted of 115 plaque-type psoriasis patients and 140 healthy individuals. Data including body weight, height, waist circumference, body-mass index, and arterial blood pressure were collected. Fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, and HDL levels were determined. International Diabetes Federation Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance were used for evaluating patients with metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Results. Compared to the control group, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension were found to be higher in psoriasis patients. Metabolic syndrome was increased by 3-folds in psoriasis patients and was more prevalent in women than in men. It was determined that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in psoriasis patients after the age of 40. Metabolic syndrome was not related to smoking, severity of psoriasis, and duration of disease. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that psoriasis preconditions occurrence of a group of diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. For this reason, patients with psoriasis should be treated early and they should be followed with respect to metabolic diseases