SNAP : A Software-Defined & Named-Data Oriented Publish-Subscribe Framework for Emerging Wireless Application Systems

The evolution of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) has given rise to an emergent class of CPSs defined by ad-hoc wireless connectivity, mobility, and resource constraints in computation, memory, communications, and battery power. These systems are expected to fulfill essential roles in critical infrastructure sectors. Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) and a swarm of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV swarm) are examples of such systems. The significant utility of these systems, coupled with their economic viability, is a crucial indicator of their anticipated growth in the future. Typically, the tasks assigned to these systems have strict Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements and require sensing, perception, and analysis of a substantial amount of data. To fulfill these QoS requirements, the system requires network connectivity, data dissemination, and data analysis methods that can operate well within a system\u27s limitations. Traditional Internet protocols and methods for network connectivity and data dissemination are typically designed for well-engineering cyber systems and do not comprehensively support this new breed of emerging systems. The imminent growth of these CPSs presents an opportunity to develop broadly applicable methods that can meet the stated system requirements for a diverse range of systems and integrate these systems with the Internet. These methods could potentially be standardized to achieve interoperability among various systems of the future. This work presents a solution that can fulfill the communication and data dissemination requirements of a broad class of emergent CPSs. The two main contributions of this work are the Application System (APPSYS) system abstraction, and a complementary communications framework called the Software-Defined NAmed-data enabled Publish-Subscribe (SNAP) communication framework. An APPSYS is a new breed of Internet application representing the mobile and resource-constrained CPSs supporting data-intensive and QoS-sensitive safety-critical tasks, referred to as the APPSYS\u27s mission. The functioning of the APPSYS is closely aligned with the needs of the mission. The standard APPSYS architecture is distributed and partitions the system into multiple clusters where each cluster is a hierarchical sub-network. The SNAP communication framework within the APPSYS utilized principles of Information-Centric Networking (ICN) through the publish-subscribe communication paradigm. It further extends the role of brokers within the publish-subscribe paradigm to create a distributed software-defined control plane. The SNAP framework leverages the APPSYS design characteristics to provide flexible and robust communication and dynamic and distributed control-plane decision-making that successfully allows the APPSYS to meet the communication requirements of data-oriented and QoS-sensitive missions. In this work, we present the design, implementation, and performance evaluation of an APPSYS through an exemplar UAV swarm APPSYS. We evaluate the benefits offered by the APPSYS design and the SNAP communication framework in meeting the dynamically changed requirements of a data-intensive and QoS-sensitive Coordinated Search and Tracking (CSAT) mission operating in a UAV swarm APPSYS on the battlefield. Results from the performance evaluation demonstrate that the UAV swarm APPSYS successfully monitors and mitigates network impairment impacting a mission\u27s QoS to support the mission\u27s QoS requirements

SQL Injection Attacks - Its Prevention using Flag Sequencing Approach

SQL injection attack is a code injection technique used to attack database through website. This happens when the user input is not correctly filtered for string literal escape characters which are present in the statement or when the user input is not strongly typed. In computer science, a type system is said to feature strong typing when it specifies one or more restrictions on how operations involving values of different data types can be intermixed.. [8]. SQL injection is one of the top ten web application attacks.In this paper a method is proposed in which two approaches, one static in which the database is created and another dynamic in which the query structure against the previously stored query structure is compared.  If the two structures match then search is stopped and query is regarded as a valid query otherwise the query is an invalid query and is not allowed to access data from database. The Algorithm has been developed using Java. Keywords: Malicious, Flag , Vulnerability, malicious, SQLIA’s

An Adult with Untreated Isolated Cleft Palate Since Birth: A Rare Case Report

Introduction: Orofacial clefts are one of the most common congenital anomalies involving the craniofacial region. An isolated cleft palate is the rarest (33% of all orofacial clefts) among individuals with female predominance. Individuals born with these clefts manifest craniofacial, functional, and psychological anomalies. Sometimes, patients cannot receive the required therapies due to a lack of awareness and lack of medical access or economic factors. Untreated clefts may adversely impact the patient’s life both physically and psychologically. Case Description: This study presents a case report of a 45-year-old male with an untreated cleft palate since birth due to a low socioeconomic background, leading to several oro-dental anomalies, speech defects, and psychological and social challenges. Results: Extraoral examination revealed mild facial asymmetry, dry and incompetent lips, and underdeveloped philtrum. Intraorally, there was a cleft palate, macroglossia, soft and edematous gingiva with bleeding on probing, gingival recession, and periodontal pockets, along with various dental anomalies. Full mouth orthopantomogram showed discontinuity of the palatal line, collapsed maxillary arch, root stumps, and crowding. The final diagnosis of isolated cleft palate was made. The patient was advised for surgery regarding the cleft palate, dental treatment, speech therapy, and psychological counseling. However, the patient refused all treatments except a few dental aids due to economic difficulties. Conclusion: The present case report highlights the need for these patients to receive particular concerns. Patients must be motivated to get proper treatment at a suitable stage to prevent future complications. Cleft teams must be advised to initiate some encouraging steps in imparting treatment aids to such patients, especially in rehabilitation therapy, considering their surrounding environment, psychological makeup, socioeconomic status, and motivation. In addition, social groups should also treat these patients with a positive approach, helping them to live healthy and normal lives just like any other individual

Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Breast: A Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature

Sarcomas account for less than 1% of all primary breast malignancies, pleomorphic sarcoma of the breast being even rarer. We present two cases of pleomorphic sarcoma of the breast in a 35-year-old and a 43-year-old female. An extensive review of the available literature with evaluation of the etiology, changing terminologies and histopathologic features of pleomorphic sarcoma of the breast are discussed. The prognostic factors and treatment modalities have also been reviewed

Effect of metritis on endometrium tissue transcriptome during puerperium in Holstein lactating cows

The objective of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate the effect of parity and uterine healthstatus postpartum on the gene expression profile of the endometrium early post-partum. Twenty-fourHolstein cows were randomly selected (16 multiparous (MP) and 8 primiparous (PP)) and endometriumbiopsies were collected on days 1, 3, and 6 after calving and clinically monitored for metritis. Rectaltemperature was measured twice and fever was defined as a temperature 39.5 C. A case of metritiswas diagnosed with the presence of red-brown watery, foul-smelling uterine discharge or a purulentdischarge with more than 50% pus and fever between days 1 and 6 postpartum. Cows were thenretrospectively selected (cows diagnosed with metritis were paired with healthy ones) to analyze theexpression of 66 genes measured on the NanoString nCounter Analysis System. The genes selected wererelated with adhesion, immune system, steroid and prostaglandin biosynthesis regulation, insulinmetabolism and transcription factors, and nutrient transporters. The results indicated a different patternon genes related to immune function by parity.PTX3,involved in antigen presentation, was increased inhealthy MP compared with healthy PP whereas inflammatory cytokineTNFaand complement-relatedproteinSERPING1was upregulated in MP compared with PP (P<0.05). As expected, presence of ametritis condition affected the expression of genes related to immune function. There was an increasedexpression of the antiviral factorMX2andMYH10gene, which is involved in macrophages recruitment, inmetritic compared with healthy cows (P<0.05). Differences in uterine involution from cows diagnosedwith metritis were reflected by the downregulation ofIGF1(P<0.10), involved in endometriumremodeling, and a possible compensatory upregulation of its receptorIGFR1(P<0.05). A greaterexpression of prostaglandins and oxytocin receptors (PGRandOXTR), involved in the involution process,were observed in metritic PP compared with healthy PP (P<0.05). Overall, it seems that metritissignificantly modulate processes closely tied with the physical involution of the uterus early post-partum(IGF1, IGFR1, PGR, OXTR), whereas both metritis and multiparous cows tended to upregulate genes relatedto immune response (PTX3, TNFa, SERPING1, MX2, MYH10).info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Jaw bone metastasis from Lung cancer as sole primary source : a systematic review

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Lung cancer metastasis to oral region is very rare. Very few research work has been conducted till date to analyse the jaw bone metastasis from Lung cancer as the primary source. The goal of th

Lung cancer metastasis to oral soft tissues; Systematic review of 122 cases

Lung cancer metastasis to oral region is very rare. Studies have been published analysing the cases of metastatic tumours to the oral cavity by many researchers. But very few research work has been conducted till date to analyse only the oral soft tissu

Horticultural Classification of Citrus Cultivars

Globally, citrus fruits are grown over an area of 11.42 million ha with 179.0 million tons production. China with 82.7 m tons production is the major producer of citrus fruits followed by Brazil (18.14 m tons) and India (10.53 m tons) (FAOSTAT, 2019). All commercially used scion and rootstock cultivars belong to the genus Citrus, except kumquats, Fortunella spp., and Poncirus trifoliata, which are used as rootstock only all over the world. Worldwide citrus cultivars divided into four, reasonably-well-defined horticultural groups: the Sweet oranges, the mandarins, the grapefruits and the pummelos and the common acid members. The true or ‘biological’ citrus, including species of Citrus (C. reticulata, C. maxima and C. medica), share certain characteristics, however, these are clearly differentiated according to the morpho- taxonomic traits. Hundreds of different citrus cultivars are available. Many varieties were chance finds from natural populations, and not the product of intentional breeding efforts. Other varieties in common use have originated from planned citrus hybridization and breeding efforts from worldwide. Most of the readers will be well acquainted with the cultivated types of Citrus scion and rootstocks. This chapter provides ripening season information for worldwide, farmers/gardeners have had success with citrus in many different regions of world where tropical/subtropical climatic conditions occur

Mastergene Laboratory

In response to the growing need for early disease detection and diagnosis, Mastergene aims to provide genetic testing services ranging from new born screening to diagnostic screening for individuals up to 65 years of age to gain insight into their genetic information & understand their own health & personal information. This information will assist individuals in making treatment decisions for healthy living. Through Indian healthcare market analysis, it is evident that there exists a huge gap between hospitals and patients when it comes to understanding genetic testing and its benefits. Mastergene, with its innovative in-house laboratory, will arise awareness amongst the general population and will facilitate early detection of highly prevalent diseases in the Indian community. As a stand-alone diagnostic laboratory, Mastergene will outsource genetic testing kits from a supplier, send it to its patients on order and obtain patient’s sample in that genetic test kit for testing purposes. In conclusion, Mastergene will bring this enormous breakthrough to diagnose the disease from its root cause rather than symptoms alone

Cultural competency in dental care

PLEASE NOTE: This work is protected by copyright. Downloading is restricted to the BU community: please click Download and log in with a valid BU account to access. If you are the author of this work and would like to make it publicly available, please contact [email protected] (MSD)--Boston University, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, 2006 (Dental Public Health).Includes bibliographical references: leaves 41-45.Aim: To assess the effectiveness of the cultural competency curriculum offered to DMD II students in their awareness, knowledge and skills in providing a culturally competent care compare to DMD 1 students. Methods: This study consisted of DMD 1 and DMD II students from Boston University School of Dental Medicine as sample population. A modified pre tested questionnaire was distributed to the students at the end of a class, with prior permission from the professor in-charge to assess and compare the perceived awareness, knowledge and skills between DMD 1 and DMD II Students. Data was coded and entered into a customized database entry from in Epi Info Version 3.3.2. Data was then exported into Microsoft Excel where it was cleaned, and exported to SAS version 9.1 where descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed with dichotomized and non dichotomized data. Result: A total of 186 surveys were analyzed of which 22% (41) were DMD 1 respondents and 78% (145) DMD II respondents. The awareness and knowledge in delivering culturally competent care seemed higher for DMD 1 students (7.5[plus or minus]1.0 - awareness, 10.3[plus or minus]1.6 - knowledge) who have no prior exposure to cultural competency as compared to DMD II students (7.1[plus or minus]1.4 - awareness, 10.1[plus or minus]1.9 - knowledge), indicating they may have overestimated their perceptions. However, DMD II students (20.8[plus or minus]3.6) who did have cultural competency in their curriculum indicated better skills in providing culturally competent care as compared to DMD 1 student (19.9[plus or minus]3.3). Conclusion: Study suggests that students provided with curriculum in cultural competency show a positive impact in their perceived skills in providing culturally competent care, hence indicating a need for more dental schools to provide a curriculum in cultural competence to better prepare their students in treating an increasingly diverse patient population