The relationships between glossopyrosis and the blood flow rate in a. Profunda linguae

Među etiološkim faktorima glosopiroze treba imati u vidu i vaskularne poremećaje. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi, da li promjene brzine strujanja krvi u a. profundi linguae sudjeluju u pojavi neugodnog simptoma glosopiroze, kao jednog od osnovnih simptoma glosalgijskog sindroma. Brzina strujanja krvi u a. profundi linguae ispitivana je metodom dopler sonografije kod 30 ispitanika s glosopirozom i kod 30 ispitanika bez glosopiroze. Rezultati su pokazali da smanjena brzina strujanja krvi u a. profundi linguae predstavlja jedan od rizičnih faktora važnih za pojavu glosopiroze.Among the etiologic factors of glossopyrosis, vascular disturbances should be taken into account. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether the flow rate changes ¡n a. profunda linguae contributed to the occurrence of the irritant symptom of glosspyrosis as one of the basic symptoms of the glossalgial syndrome. The blood flow rate in a. profunda linguae was tested in 30 subjects with glosspyrosis and 30 subjects without glossopyrosis, using the method of Doppler sonography. The results have shown that the blood flow rate in a. profunda linguae is one of the important risk factor for the occurence of glossopyrosis

Antibiotics in dentistry

Važan zadatak stomatologa je da u svom radu suzbija infekciju. Infekcije se iz usne šupijine mogu vrlo brzo raširiti i izazvati oboljenja koja katkada mogu biti i fatalna. U borbi protiv bakterijskih zaraza koriste se antibiotici. Stomatolog treba posegnuti za antibioticima u slučaju: 1) lije­čenja akutne orodentalne zaraze, 2) profilakse subakutnog bakterijskog endokarditisa ili zaštite bolesnika sa smanjenim obrambenim mehanizmi­ma i 3) u svrhu redukcije mikroorganizama u zubnom plaku, koji imaju značajnu ulogu u etiologiji parodontnih bolesti.The control of infection is one of the most important problems in dental office. An oral infection can rapidly spread and produce a severe illness or even become fatal. Antibiotics are antimicrobial agents useful in numerous bacterial in­ fections. There are major uses of antibiotics in the practice of dentistry: 1) treatment of an acute orodental infection, 2) prophylaxis in patients at risk of developing subacute bacterial endocarditis or prophylaxis in patients with compromised host defense mechanisms caused by certain diseases or drug therapy, 3) antiplaque therapy, reduction of microorganisms in dental plaque play an important role in the etiology of periodontal dise­ase

Geriatric Dental Patients and Pharmacotherapy

Mnogi čimbenici mogu mijenjati reakciju starijih ljudi na lijek. Razlozi tomu mogu biti fiziološke promjene kao rezultat promjena u sastavu organizma i radu organa. Veći dio tih promjena posljedica su normalna procesa starenja. One mogu promijeniti farmakokinetiku i farmakodinamiku lijeka. Patološke promjene, koje su češće u starijih, također mogu utjecati na učinak lijeka. Stariji ljudi boluju od većeg broja bolesti nego mladi ljudi. Mnogobrojne bolesti mogu biti razlogom polipragmazije. Uporabom većeg broja lijekova povećava se opasnost od neželjenih učinaka lijekova ili interakcija među njima. Daljnji važan razlog pogrješaka terapije u starijih i pojave neželjenih učinaka lijekova smatra se da je posljedica loše provedbe terapije samog bolesnika, koji ne poštuje upute svojega terapeuta. Terapeut mora osigurati prikladnu terapiju u starijih osoba, prilagoditi dozu mogućim promjenama organizma koje su posljedica starenja i koje mogu utjecati na farmakokinetiku, izbjegavati istodobnu uporabu većeg broja lijekova kad god je to moguće vodeći računa o mogućim interakcijama i nuspojavama.Many factors can change the response to drugs in the elderly. First there are physiological changes as a result of changes in the body composition and function of organs. Many of them are a consequence of the essentially normal aging process. They can lead to altered drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Second, pathological factors that can influence drug effects are commoner in the elderly. Increased drug usage contributes to more adverse reactions and drug-interacti- ons. Poor patient compliance is assumed to be the third major source of drug therapy errors and consequently adverse drug reactions. The physician must provide adequate management of drug therapy in the elderly, adjusting the dose to possible alterations of age-related pharmacokinetic changes and avoiding multiple medications whenever possible, bearing in mind the possibility of interactions and side effects

Oral Hygiene Products and Pharmacotherapeutic Agents

Preparati za higijenu usne šupljine s učinkovitim farmakoterapijskim dodacima idealan su način čuvanja oralnog zdravlja, te smanjenja karijesa i poboljšanja zdravlja usne šupljine u mnogim dijelovima svijeta. Glavni dodatak koji učinkovito smanjuje učestalost karijesa jesu fluoridi (monofluoridni fosfat, kositar fluorid, aminofluoridi, natrij fluorid). Danas ih mnogi istraživači smatraju odgovornim za smanjenje karijesa u mnogim razvijenim zemljama. Ostali aktivni dodatci su oni za smanjenje zubnog kamenca (pirofosfati), za preosjetljiv dentin (stroncij klorid, kalij nitrat), za uklanjanje neugodnog zadaha iz ustiju (antimikrobni lijekovi) i dr. Važno je osigurati da ovi dodatci ne interferiraju s antikarijesnim učinkom fluorida.Oral hygiene products with effective pharmacotherapeutic agents are an ideal mode for maintenance o f oral health, decline in caries and general improvement in oral health in many areas of the world. The main agents are fluoride effective in reducing caries in humans (monofluorophosphate, stannous fluoride, amine fluoride, sodium fluoride). Today many researchers consider them , to be the major reason for the decline in dental caries in most developed contries. Other active agents are calculus control agents (pyrophosphate), ingredients for reducing dental hypersensitivity (strontium chloride, potassium nitrate) and halitosis (antimicrobials). It is important to ensure that these agents do not interfere with the anti-caries activity o f fluoride

The effect of Zovirax cream in recurrent herpes labialis

Ispitana je djelotvornost preparata Zovirax u slučaju recidiva herpes labijalisa kod 30 pacijenata sa simptomima prodroma, tu razvijenoj kliničkoj slici bolesti s eritemom i vezikulama sa serozim sadržajem, te kod recidiva herpesa kompliciranog sekundarnom infekcijom. Drugoj skupini od 30 ispitanilka iste kliničke slike bila je terapija recidiva sa Viru-Merz-Serol masti, pastom Zinci Oxydi i Garramycin masti. Pokazalo se da je terapijski učinak Zovirax kreme izrazito djelotvoran u prodromalnom stadiju bolesti, kao kod razvijene kliničke slike, dakle unutar 3 do 4 dana toka bolesti. U prodromalnom stadiju terapijski efekat Zoviraxa nije pokazao statistički značajnu razliku u odnosu na djelotvornost Viru-Merz-Serol masti, dok je uspjeh terapije recidivirajućeg herpesa u stadiju vezikula bio statički značajan u odnosu na terapiju drugim primijenjenim sredstvima. Kod komplikacija recidiva herpesa labialis izazvanih piogenim bakterijama bolji terapijski efekt postiže se primjenom antibiotske masti širokog spektra.The efficiency of the Zovirax cream in the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis was studied in 30 patients with either prodromal symptoms, advanced clinical picture of the disease with erythema and vesicles with serous content or complicated by secondary infection. In another group of 30 patients with identical clinical pictures, recurrent herpes labialis was treated with Viru-Merz ointment, zincoxide paste and Garamycin ointyment. Zovirax cream was shown to be therapeutically most efficient during the prodromal phase of the disease as well as in the advanced clinical picture, i. e. within 3— 4 days from the onset of the disease. In the prodromal phase of the disease, the therapeutic effect of Zovirax was not statistically significantly different from that achieved by Virumerz ointment, whereas in the vesicular stage of recurrent herpes labialis the success of former therapy was found to be statistically significantly higher as compared to therapy with other agents applied. In complications of recurrent herpes labialis due to pyogenic bacteria, however, broad-spectrum antibiotic antments were observed to elicit a better therapeutic effect

Doses of Fluorides in the Prevention of Caries

Fluoridi su važna sredstva u prevenciji karijesa. Međutim, kao i drugi lijekovi mogu uz svoj poželjni preventivni (terapijski učinak) izazvati i neke neželjene učinke poput fluoroze zubi. Granica između korisnih učinaka i prvih toksičnih reakcija je mala, te se količine fluorida koje se unose u organizam moraju precizno odrediti. Pravilnim doziranjem i odgovarajućim mjerama opreza moguće je izbjeći neželjene učinke i tako iskoristiti dokazanu djelotvornost fluorida u prevenciji karijesa.Fluorides are important means in the prevention o f caries. However, as other medications, apart from the desired therapeutic effect, they can cause certain undesired effects, such as dental fluorosis. The orderline between useful effects and the first toxic reaction is small, and therefore the amount of fluorides taken into the organism must be accurately determined. By correct dosing and adequate measures of precaution it is possible to avoid such undesired effects and thus utilize the verified effectiveness of fluorides in the prevention of caries

Dentist’s patient under antineoplastic therapie

Nepoželjna djelovanja antineoplastičnih lijekova očituju se i po promjenama u usnoj šupljini, stoga stomatolog mora poznavati te lijekove, njihov mehanizam djelovanja kao i prevenciju i terapiju oralnih manifestacija tih nepoželjnih djelovanja. Najčešće kliničke promjene u usnoj šupljini su mucositis, lokalne ili generalizirane infekcije i hemoragije. Stomatolog svojim postupcima može znatno ublažiti tegobe pacijenata i omogućiti im kvalitetniji i duži život.The side effects of antineoplastic drugs can be manifest in the oral cavity. Every dentist must be familiar with these grups of drugs and their mechanisms of action and the management of their adverse oral manifestations. The most common oral reactions to administered antineoplastic drugs are: mucositis, local or generalized infections and hemorrhages. The right way in which these manifestations may be handled therapeutically can ensure dentist’s patient a langer life of better quality

Side Effect of the Fluoride - Dental Fluorosis

Prisutnost fluora u tkivnim tekućinama za vrijeme razvoja zuba kroz dulji vremenski period dovodi do neželjenog učinka fluora - dentalne fluoroze. Fluorozu klinički karakterizira povećana poroznost dijelova cakline na homolognim zubima. Porozni dijelovi izgledaju mutnobijeli. Težina i distribucija fluoroznih promjena ovise o koncentraciji fluorida, duljini izlaganja, stadiju amelogeneze koji je bio pod utjecajem fluora i individualnim varijacijama. Postoji nekoliko faktora koji mogu povećati osjetljivost zubi u razvoju na nuspojave fluora: patofiziološki faktori (poremećaji acidobazne ravnoteže, bolesti koje utječu na potrošnju vode, malnutricija), faktori okoline (temperatura zraka, život na višoj nadmorskoj visini).Dental fluorosis is a side effect o f the fluoride present in tissue fluid over a prolonged period during tooth development (the secretory and/or maturation phases o f amelogenesis). Fluorosis is clinically characterised by an increasing porosity o f the surface enamel causing the white opacities affecting homologous teeth. The severity and distribution o f fluorosis depend on the fluoride concentration, duration o f exposure to fluoride, the stage o f ameloblasts activity and individual variation in susceptibility. There are several factors which may account for individual differences: patho-physiological factors (disorders in acid-base balance, malnutrition, diseases which promote te consumption o f innusually large amounts o f water) and environmental factors (temperature and residence at high alltitude)