15 research outputs found
Bullying girls - Changes after brief strategic family therapy: A randomized, prospective, controlled trial with one-year follow-up
Background: Many girls bully others. They are conspicuous because of their risk-taking behavior, increased anger, problematic interpersonal relationships and poor quality of life. Our aim was to determine the efficacy of brief strategic family therapy (BSFT) for bullying-related behavior, anger reduction, improvement of interpersonal relationships, and improvement of health-related quality of life in girls who bully, and to find out whether their expressive aggression correlates with their distinctive psychological features. Methods: 40 bullying girls were recruited from the general population: 20 were randomly selected for 3 months of BSFT. Follow-up took place 12 months after the therapy had ended. The results of treatment were examined using the Adolescents' Risk-taking Behavior Scale (ARBS), the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-D), and the SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36). Results: In comparison with the control group (CG) (according to the intent-to-treat principle), bullying behavior in the BSFT group was reduced (BSFT-G from n = 20 to n = 6; CG from n = 20 to n = 18, p = 0.05) and statistically significant changes in all risk-taking behaviors (ARBS), on most STAXI, IIP-D, and SF-36 scales were observed after BSFT. The reduction in expressive aggression (Anger-Out scale of the STAXI) correlated with the reduction on several scales of the ARBS, IIP-D, and SF-36. Follow-up a year later showed relatively stable events. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that bullying girls suffer from psychological and social problems which may be reduced by the use of BSFT. Expressive aggression in girls appears to correlate with several types of risk-taking behavior and interpersonal problems, as well as with health-related quality of life. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel
Pregnant women with bronchial asthma benefit from progressive muscle relaxation: A randomized, prospective, controlled trial
Background: Asthma is a serious medical problem in pregnancy and is often associated with stress, anger and poor quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on change in blood pressure, lung parameters, heart rate, anger and health-related quality of life in pregnant women with bronchial asthma. Methods: We treated a sample of 64 pregnant women with bronchial asthma from the local population in an 8-week randomized, prospective, controlled trial. Thirty-two were selected for PMR, and 32 received a placebo intervention. The systolic blood pressure, forced expiratory volume in the first second, peak expiratory flow and heart rate were tested, and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory and Health Survey (SF-36) were employed. Results: According to the intend-to-treat principle, a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure and a significant increase in both forced expiratory volume in the first second and peak expiratory flow were observed after PMR. The heart rate showed a significant increase in the coefficient of variation, root mean square of successive differences and high frequency ranges, in addition to a significant reduction in low and middle frequency ranges. A significant reduction on three of five State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory scales, and a significant increase on seven of eight SF-36 scales were observed. Conclusions: PMR appears to be an effective method to improve blood pressure, lung parameters and heart rate, and to decrease anger levels, thus enhancing health-related quality of life in pregnant women with bronchial asthma. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel
Why are some cases not on track? An item analysis of the assessment for signal cases (ASC) during inpatient psychotherapy
Within the Routine Outcome Monitoring System âOQâAnalystâ, the questionnaire âAssessment for Signal Casesâ (ASC) supports therapists in detecting potential reasons for notâonâtrack trajectories. Factor analysis and a machine learning algorithm (Lasso with 10âfold crossâvalidation) were applied and potential predictors of notâonâtrack classifications were tested using logistic multilevel modelling methods. The factor analysis revealed a shortened (30âitem) version of the ASC with good internal consistency (α = 0.72 â 0.89) and excellent predictive value (AUC = 0.98; +PV = 0.95; âPV = 0.94). Itemâlevel analyses showed that interpersonal problems captured by specific ASC items (not feeling able to speak about problems with family members; feeling rejected or betrayed) are the most important predictors of notâonâtrack trajectories
Conduct disorder in girls: neighborhoods, family characteristics, and parenting behaviors
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Little is known about the social context of girls with conduct disorder (CD), a question of increasing importance to clinicians and researchers. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between three social context domains (neighborhood, family characteristics, and parenting behaviors) and CD in adolescent girls, additionally testing for race moderation effects. We predicted that disadvantaged neighborhoods, family characteristics such as parental marital status, and parenting behaviors such as negative discipline would characterize girls with CD. We also hypothesized that parenting behaviors would mediate the associations between neighborhood and family characteristics and CD.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We recruited 93 15â17 year-old girls from the community and used a structured psychiatric interview to assign participants to a CD group (n = 52) or a demographically matched group with no psychiatric disorder (n = 41). Each girl and parent also filled out questionnaires about neighborhood, family characteristics, and parenting behaviors.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Neighborhood quality was not associated with CD in girls. Some family characteristics (parental antisociality) and parenting behaviors (levels of family activities and negative discipline) were characteristic of girls with CD, but notll. There was no moderation by race. Our hypothesis that the association between family characteristics and CD would be mediated by parenting behaviors was not supported.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study expanded upon previous research by investigating multiple social context domains in girls with CD and by selecting a comparison group who were not different in age, social class, or race. When these factors are thus controlled, CD in adolescent girls is not significantly associated with neighborhood, but is associated with some family characteristics and some types of parental behaviors. However, the mechanisms underlying these relationships need to be further investigated. We discuss possible explanations for our findings and suggest directions for future research.</p
Validation of a Turkish Version of the ICD-10 Symptom Rating (ISR)
Numerous psychiatric and psychosomatic clinics in Turkey and Germany use the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90-R) developed by Derogatis (1977) or the validated Turkish version by Dag (1991) for assessing psychological symptoms. Many patients informed us during numerous studies and visits to these clinics that this test with its 90 questions took too long and that they were unable to sufficiently concentrate on it. In the meantime, the much more economical ICD-10 Symptom Rating (ISR) (Tritt et al., 2008) self-rating questionnaire, comprising 29 questions, has been developed in Germany in 2008. In 2008 and 2009 we therefore decided to translate the ISR into Turkish, to analyse it for its reliability and validity and compare it with the SCL-90-R and the BDI. In an analysis of 277 Turkish subjects â 127 of whom were inpatients, 36 outpatients and 104 clinically unremarkable healthy participants â very good psychometric characteristics were achieved in terms of high internal consistency of individual, additional and overall scales. The results of the factor analysis conducted showed that the ISR Measure has satisfactory construct validity. In a random sample of inpatients, the Cronbachâs alpha values ranged from 0.66 (scale: Compulsive syndrome) to 0.93 (overall scale). The advantage of this instrument over BDI and SCL-90-R lies in its shorter processing time. The German version of the ISR promises lesser use of time and good empirical quality, which we double-checked with a translated Turkish version tested on persons of Turkish origin in Germany
La psychothérapie positive: Une méthode de thérapie brÚve incluant une gestion de qualité par ordinateur
In den letzten Jahren haben die Forderungen nach einer QualitĂ€tssicherung im Bereich der Psychotherapie von Seiten der KostentrĂ€ger zugenommen. Demnach sollte Psychotherapie effektiv und ökonomisch sein.Die von Dr. N. Peseschkian Ende der 60er Jahre begrĂŒndete Positive Psychotherapie versucht, diesem Anspruch gerecht zu werden. Die Positive Psychotherapie ist eine Kurzzeitpsychotherapieform unter einem transkulturellen und interdisziplinĂ€ren Gesichtspunkt und wird den tiefenpsychologisch fundierten Verfahren zugeordnet.Im Rahmen einer Wirksamkeitsstudie zur Positiven Psychotherapie, die der Wiesbadener Weiterbildungskreis fĂŒr Psychotherapie und Familientherapie (WIPF), unter der Leitung von Dr. Peseschkian, in Zusammenarbeit mit der UniversitĂ€t Erlangen durchgefĂŒhrt hat, fanden sich beeindruckende Ergebnisse:Insbesondere im Bereich des Erlebens und Verhaltens (VEV) fand sich eine EffektstĂ€rke von 1.24, was fĂŒr eine deutliche Befindlichkeitsverbesserung der Patienten (n = 402) spricht.Auf der Basis der in der Studie verwendeten Testbatterie wurde zudem eine erweiterungsfĂ€hige Software entwickelt, die eine kontinuierliche QualitĂ€tssicherung ermöglicht.SchlĂŒsselwörter: Positive Psychotherapie, QualitĂ€tssicherung, Wirksamkeitsstudie, Kurzzeitpsychotherapie.Positive Psychotherapy is a form of shortterm psychotherapy based on a in-depth psychological approach, resulting from cross-cultural psychotherapy. It is prepared to integrate other models of therapy into its theory. Some central elements of the study are discussed in this paper.The presentation of psychotherapy and family therapy needs a development of methods which are at the same time economical and efficient. Under the direction of Dr. N. Peseschkian, the Wiesbaden Institute for Psychotherapy and Family Therapy for Postgraduates (WIPF) and in a cooperation with the University of Erlangen-Nurnberg a study of the effects of Positive Psychotherapy with 402 patients have been started in 1995. The results of this study are impressing: Inparticular the effect size of the VEV of 1.24 shows a good development of the patients well-being. The average treatment duration for the study which is 30,5 hours. The main results correspond to the future standards of a modern psychotherapy.A user-friendly software program has been developed for clinics and practice on the basis of applied methodological instruments for investigation of the effectivity study. The program also offers the option to integrate further specific tests when they are needed and makes a current analysis of therapy-effects possibleKeywords: Positive Psychotherapy, quality assurance, effectivity, short-term-psychotherapy.Au cours de ces derniĂšres annĂ©es, les demandes de garantie de qualitĂ© formulĂ©es par les instances remboursant les traitements psychothĂ©rapeutiques nâont fait quâaugmenter. Dans la situation actuelle, les exigences posĂ©es Ă une psychothĂ©rapie moderne peuvent ĂȘtre formulĂ©es comme suit: elle doit ĂȘtre brĂšve, efficace et transparente, donc vĂ©rifiable au niveau mĂ©thodique comme au niveau thĂ©orique. La psychothĂ©rapie positive Ă©laborĂ©e par N. Peseschkian Ă la fin des annĂ©es soixante tente de satisfaire Ă ces exigences. Elle est une forme de psychothĂ©rapie de brĂšve durĂ©e, centrĂ©e sur les ressources et placĂ©e sous le signe dâune approche transculturelle et interdisciplinaire; on la classe dans la catĂ©gorie des mĂ©thodes basĂ©es sur la psychologie des profondeurs. La perspective transculturelle et plus particuliĂšrement interdisciplinaire qui la caractĂ©rise permet dâintĂ©grer des formes de traitement empruntĂ©es Ă la psychanalyse, Ă la psychologie des profondeurs, Ă la thĂ©rapie du comportement, Ă la thĂ©rapie de groupe, Ă lâhypnothĂ©rapie et Ă la pharmacothĂ©rapie, ainsi quâĂ la physiothĂ©rapie. La dĂ©marche se fonde sur une conception thĂ©orique dynamique, appliquant un âmodĂšle en cinq Ă©tapesâ (1. observation/distanciation; 2. Ă©tablissement dâun inventaire; 3. encouragement dans le contexte situationnel; 4. verbalisation et 5. Ă©largissement des objectifs). Le noyau thĂ©orique de la psychothĂ©rapie positive est constituĂ© dâun recensement des contenus conflictuels Ă partir de la question suivante: âQuels sont les Ă©lĂ©ments communs Ă tous les ĂȘtres humains et quels sont ceux qui les diffĂ©rencient ?â. La notion de contenu conflictuel est en rapport avec deux âcapacitĂ©s fondamentalesâ qui sont considĂ©rĂ©es comme innĂ©es: une âcapacitĂ© Ă lâamourâ et une âcapacitĂ© Ă la cognitionâ. Sur cette base, lâĂȘtre humain acquiert tout au long de son dĂ©veloppement des âcapacitĂ©s actuellesâ individuelles, qui toutefois appartiennent toutes aux deux grandes catĂ©gories indiquĂ©es plus haut. Selon Peseschkian, des conflits naissent entre autres dâune disparitĂ© entre les manifestations individuelles de ces deux capacitĂ©s. Câest au niveau des capacitĂ©s actuelles que se situent ce que Peseschkian appelle les âmicrotraumatismesâ. En effet, ces derniers correspondent Ă des blessures psychiques relativement limitĂ©es mais durables, portant atteintes aux valeurs individuelles dĂ©finies par les capacitĂ©s actuelles. Ils provoquent une disposition psychique Ă des conflits spĂ©cifiques. Peseschkian rĂ©sume sa thĂ©orie en neuf thĂšses fondamentales; lâarticle prĂ©sente celles-ci plus en dĂ©tail. Compte tenu des exigences posĂ©es aux mĂ©thodes modernes de psychothĂ©rapie, les rĂ©sultats dâune Ă©tude consacrĂ©e Ă lâefficacitĂ© de la âpsychothĂ©rapie positiveâ sont prĂ©sentĂ©s; le travail a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ© par le âWiesbadener Weiterbildungkreis fĂŒr Psychotherapie und Familientherapie (WIPF)â, en collaboration avec lâUniversitĂ© dâErlangen. LâenquĂȘte sâest intĂ©ressĂ©e Ă 402 patients souffrant de troubles de types nĂ©vrotique et psychosomatique, pour la plupart chroniques. Des mesures prĂ©-post ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es sur un Ă©chantillon de 110 patients, en utilisant une batterie de tests correspondant aux standards internationaux. Un groupe de rĂ©serve (n = 54) a servi de contrĂŽle, avec un autre groupe comportant 17 patients dont le diagnostic a Ă©tĂ© formulĂ© sur une base purement somatique et qui nâont pas suivi de traitement psychothĂ©rapeutique. Une enquĂȘte rĂ©trospective a Ă©tĂ© en outre menĂ©e auprĂšs des patients (n = 231) qui avaient terminĂ© un traitement selon la mĂ©thode de la psychothĂ©rapie positive. De ceux-ci un premier groupe (n =84 patients) a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ© 3-10 mois aprĂšs la fin de la thĂ©rapie. Un second groupe (n = 91) aprĂšs une pĂ©riode de 10 mois Ă 4 ans et un troisiĂšme (n = 46) 4-5 ans aprĂšs la fin du traitement. Câest au niveau du vĂ©cu et du comportement (âErleben und Verhaltensâ, VEV) que les rĂ©sultats sont particuliĂšrement impressionnants (quotient dâefficacitĂ© 1.24). A titre de comparaison, les mĂ©taanalyses portant sur lâefficacitĂ© des traitements utilisant des mĂ©thodes de types behavioro-cognitif et dynamico-humaniste ont produit des quotients allant de 1.08 (Shapiro et Shapiro, 1993) Ă 0.64 (Smith et al., 1980). Concernant les symptĂŽmes (SCL 90-R) nous obtenons un chiffre de 0.48, ce qui correspond Ă une amĂ©lioration moyenne. Compte tenu de ces rĂ©sultats, il est lĂ©gitime de considĂ©rer que du point de vue de son efficacitĂ©, la psychothĂ©rapie positive ne le cĂšde en rien aux mĂ©thodes Ă©tablies. Pour tenir compte dâaspects Ă©conomiques, il faut ajouter quâen moyenne la durĂ©e des traitements menĂ©s selon cette mĂ©thode est de 30.5 sĂ©ances. Une premiĂšre version dâun logiciel a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©e sur la base de la batterie de tests utilisĂ©e pour lâenquĂȘte; il permet un contrĂŽle de qualitĂ© continu