Identification and Pathological Finding of Colisepticemia in Broiler

The chicken was sick for 6 days, weak and disrupted growth. Necropsy confirmed that several organs was bleeding and containing fibrin exudation. The results of histopathological examination showed the presence of necrotic encephalitis, hemorrhagic tracheitis, hemorrhagic and necrotic pneumonia, hemorrhagic epicarditis and myocarditis, hemorrhagic enteritis, hemorrhagic and necrotic hepatitis, also hemorrhagic and necrotic glomerulonephritis. Microbiological examination confirmed the discovery of Eschericia coli bacterial agents that can hemolyze blood in the heart, lungs, and intestines. Parasitological examination confirmed that no parasitic agent was involved in this case. From this case study, it can be concluded that the single agent that causes pathological changes was found in the form of pathogenic E. coli bacteria (colisepticemia) which was exacerbated by unfavorable farming conditions. Keywords: Escherichia coli, colisepticemia, broiler, pathological finding

Role of Isoflavones on Lipid Peroxidation, Superoxide Dismutase in Lymphocytes under Oxidative Stress Conditions

Oxidative stress conditions forms free radicals in cells. Free radicals react continuously and cause cell membranes damage including lymphocytes, thus decreasing cell function. Therefore, there were efforts need to be done to overcome abnormalities and decreased lymphocyte cell function under conditions of oxidative stress. One of them using bioactive compounds that have antioxidant activity, such as isoflavones. Isoflavones have been reported to have antioxidant activity and the potential to protect cells of oxidative stress. This study aims to determine the role of isoflavones as antioxidative in protecting lymphocytes under conditions of oxidative stress, be reviewed of CD4, CD8, malondialdehyde levels and superoxide dismutase activity. This study was used rat lymphocyte cell cultures in two conditions, i.e: oxidative stress and without oxidative stress. The cell culture were treated with 20 ml of 2 mM paraquat and  isoflavone at dose 0, 1000, 2000, and 3000 ppm, respectively. The parameters were observed: (1) malondialdehyde  (MDA) levels,  (2) superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and (3) percentage of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes cell using a monoclonal anti-rat CD4 and CD8 FITC-conjugate. The results showed paraquat administration in cell culture on oxidative stress conditions could reduce the number of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes cels, increased of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Administration of isoflavones on culture that treated without oxidative stress condition could increase percentage number of CD4, CD8, MDA levels, and SOD activity. Whereas, administration of isoflavones on oxidative stress condition prevented the decrease percentage number of CD4, CD8, MDA levels, and SOD activity. Administration of isoflavone at dose 3000 ppm in cell culture that treated on oxidative stress condition provided optimal results in preventing the decrease number of CD4, CD8 lymphocytes cell, MDA levels, and SOD activity. Keywords: isoflavone, lymphocytes, CD4, CD8, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase

MP-17 Avian Influenza Virus-H5N1 Is Circulating Among Backyard Chicken in Marga District, Tabanan Regency, Bali

Avian Influenza or bird flu is ani nfectious pandemic disease (Horimoto and Kawaoka, 2001). AI viruses can cause high mortality in poultry and infect humans in Indonesia (Daniels et al., 2013). Pet and backyard animals can be infected with the HPAI-H5N1 virus (Mahardika et al., 2018).  Monitoring of the virus needs to be done so that the Avian Influenza outbreak casesare not occurred. Isolation of AI virus can be done on 9-day-old hatched chicken eggs injected through the allantois’ space. The virus can be tested by hemagglutination (HA/HI) and Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Rection (RT-PCR) tests (FAO, 2014)

PCS-7 Lead Detection in Blood and Liver of Cattle sold in the Traditional Market of Denpasar City

Lead contamination in many foods is reported to endanger consumers' health. Beef as one of the food of animal origin can be contaminated by lead mainly due to the maintenance of cattle in contaminated areas. Balinese cattle that are kept in urban landfills are reported to be contaminated with high levels of lead in the blood and in other tissues with lower levels [4]. The threat of human health from eating foods that contain leads can cause anemia because leads can substitute iron in hemoglobin [2]. Lead poisoning can also cause malfunction of various organs such as liver, kidney [1], lungs, spleen [7] and brain [9] in the form of cognitive impairment [5]. The high threat due to contamination of leads to health, then the meat health check should also be made on the presence of leads. One of the inspection efforts on the presence of lead contamination in beef, then the place of sale in the traditional market is a good location for sampling examination

Seroprevalence and detection of H5N1 avian influenza virus in local chickens in Tabanan Regency, Bali, Indonesia

Aim: Avian Influenza (AI) is a zoonotic disease that causes death in poultry and humans. Monitoring the virus needs to be carried out continuously to prevent outbreaks of the disease. Seroprevalence and detection of H5N1 and H9N2 AI virus antigen were intended to monitor the presence of viruses in local chickens in Tabanan, a Regency of the Indonesian island Province of Bali. The research aims were to detect the presence of H5N1 AI virus, and to know the distribution of this virus in Tabanan Regency. Materials and Methods: Research located in six districts of Tabanan regency namely Baturiti, Penebel, Marga, Kediri, Tabanan, and Kerambitan. A total of 1,398 local chickens that never been vaccinated with AI were randomly sampled in this study. The samples collected were serum, cloacal and tracheal swabs. Serum samples were tested with hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. While samples of cloacal and tracheal swabs were isolated in 9-day-old germinated chicken eggs, followed by hemagglutination assay and RT-PCR test using H5N1 and H9N2 primers. Results: AI seroprevalence in local chickens in Tabanan Regency was 1% with the distribution in each district as follows; Penebel 1.6%, Kerambitan 1.2%, Marga 1%, while Tabanan, Kediri, and Baturiti 0.7% each. H5N1 AI virus was detected in 11 samples,  i.e. five in Marga district and three in Penebel district, two in Kediri, and one in Tabanan, while the H9N2 AI virus was not detected. Conclusion: These results indicate that H5N1 AI virus may still circulate in local chickens in Tabanan Regency, Bali

PERUBAHAN HISTOLOGIS DAN RESPONS IMUNITAS SAPI BALI YANG DIBERIKAN PAKAN CAMPURAN KONSENTRAT

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perubahan histologis dan respons kekebalan sapi bali yang diberikan pakan campuran konsentrat. Sebanyak 12 ekor sapi bali betina berumur 2 tahun, dibagi secara acak atas 3 kelompok perlakuan yaitu kelompok I diberi pakan rumput, kelompok II diberi pakan campuran 2 bagian rumput dan 1 bagian konsentrat, dan kelompok III diberi pakan campuran 1 bagian rumput dan 1 bagian konsentrat. Sebelum diberi perlakuan, dilakukan uji respons kekebalan seluler dengan teknik uji methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT). Uji respons kekebalan dilakukan kembali pada bulan ke-3 dan sesaat sebelum dilakukan nekropsi. Pada bulan ke-10 dilakukan nekrosi terhadap 2 ekor sapi dari masing-masing kelompok perlakuan. Sisa sapi dari masing-masing kelompok perlakuan dilanjutkan diberi perlakuan untuk penelitian lanjutan. Sapi yang dinekropsi diambil jaringan pencernaan yaitu usus, untuk selanjutnya diproses dalam pembuatan sediaan histologis. Sediaan histologis diwarnai dengan hematoksilin eosin (HE). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan struktur histologis usus antara ketiga kelompok perlakuan sedangkan respons kekebalan seluler tertinggi pada kelompok yang diberi pakan konsentrat yang lebih banyak

PENEGUHAN DIAGNOSIS PENYAKIT NEWCASTLE DISEASE LAPANG PADA AYAM BURAS DI BALI MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK RT-PCR

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendiagnosis kasus newcastle disease (ND) lapangan pada ayam bukan ras yang bersifat akut melalui hasil pemeriksaan di Laboratorium Patologi dan Laboratorium Biomedik Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana tahun 2008-2009. Sebanyak sepuluh ekor sampel ayam buras telah diperiksa. Gejala klinis yang teramati meliputi: anoreksia, lesu, bersin, batuk, dan diare putih kehijauan dengan diagnosis sementara sebagai penyakit ND yang bersifat akut. Sampel diambil dari organ yang mengalami perubahan patognomonis seperti pada proventrikulus, ventrikulus, seka tonsil, paru-paru dan otak. Perbanyakan virus menggunakan telur ayam bertunas (TAB) umur 10 hari melalui ruang alantois dan diinkubasikan pada inkubator telur suhu 37° C selama 3 hari. Koleksi cairan alantois dilakukan pada hari ke-3, selanjutnya diidentifikasi dengan uji serologi hemaglutinasi (Haemaglutination-Inhibition Test/HA/HI) dengan teknik mikrotiter baku dan dikonfirmasi dengan uji reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) menggunakan primer FNDIFP (5’-CCCCGTTGGAGGCATAC-3’) dan FNDIBP (5’-TGTTGGCAGCATTTTGATTG-3’). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua sampel kasus ayam bukan ras yang diperiksa positif terinfeksi oleh virus penyakit ND akut. Kajian ini mengindikasikan bahwa penyakit ND di Bali masih bersifat endemis

Seroprevalensi Penyakit Egg Drop Syndrome pada Itik di Desa Tumbak Bayuh, Kecamatan Mengwi, Badung, Bali

Egg Drop Syndrome can cause detrimental impacts on breeders due to reducing production and quality of theaffected eggs.This study aim was to determine the seroprevalece ofantibody against Egg Drop Syndrome (EDS) virus in ducks. Antibody titers examination was done from 75blood samplesof ducks thathave not been vaccinatedagainstEDS virus. The duck samples were collected from Tumbak Bayuh Village, Mengwi, Badung. Serological examination was held at the Virology Laboratory,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University by usingHaemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test. HI test results showed that 24 samples were positive contained antibody of the EDS,while 51 samples were negative. Range of EDS antibody titer observed was from24 to 27 HI units.  This results indicates that the ducks have protective antibody titer against EDS virus. The positive serum samples were also tested using HI test against Newcastle Disease (ND) virus with negative result. It can be concluded that the ducks in Tumbak Bayuh Village, Mengwi, Badung have 32% of antibody titer against EDS virus whichmight result from being exposed by EDS virus naturally

ASPEK PATOLOGIS INFEKSI PARVOVIRUS PADA ANAK ANJING DI KOTA DENPASAR

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai aspek patologis infeksi parvovirus pada anak anjing di Denpasar. Sebanyak 80 ekor anak anjing telah diperiksa pada Laboratorium Patologi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana periode tahun 2011- 2012. Enam belas ekor diantaranya menunjukkan gejala klinis berak darah, depresi, anoreksia, dan dehidrasi. Sinyalemen mengenai umur, jenis kelamin, dan ras juga dicatat. Perubahan patologi anatomi secara signifikan berupa enteritis haemorrhagis et necrotican dapat ditemukan pada semua anak anjing penderita. Kongesti dan nekrosis ditemukan pada epikardium. Gambaran yang bersifat anemia ditemukan pada jaringan limpa, ginjal, hati, sedangkan paruparu mengalami hiperemia. Secara mikroskopis, pada usus halus mengalami hiperemia disertai dengan infiltrasi limfosit, villi terlihat atropi dan nekrosis pada kripta Lieberkuhn. Nekrosis limfosit (limfositolisis) ditemukan pada folikel limpa. Kongesti dan nekrosis pada otot jantung namun intranuclear inclusion bodies hanya ditemukan pada satu anak anjing penderita. Penebalan ditemukan pada septa alveoli sedangkan pada hati dan ginjal hanya ditemukan peradangan ringan. Secara klinis bentuk enteritis hemorhagis et necrotican selalu ditemukan pada anak anjing terinfeksi parvovirus di Kota Denpasar. _______________________