The effects of physical and chemical changes on the optimum harvest maturity in some avocado cultivars

The aim of this study was to determine physical and chemical changes during fruit development and their relationship with optimum harvest maturity for Bacon, Fuerte and Zutano avocado cultivars grownunder Dörtyol ecological condition. Fruits cv. Bacon, Fuerte and Zutano were obtained trees grafted on seedlings and planted 5 m x 6 m in Dörtyol Research Station of Faculty of Agriculture, Mustafa KemalUniversity. Fruit width and length, weight, skin and flesh color (L* and hue), total soluble solid (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), TSS/TA, fruit flesh firmness, juice pH, dry weight and oil content were measuredon fruits samples collected from tagged trees from June drop to ripening at a 15 days interval during fruit development. Data indicated that oil and dry matter content, flesh firmness and fruit weight were important criteria in determining optimum harvest maturity. Based on the all criteria, the period from the end of November to middle of December was the optimum harvest time for these cultivars in order to deliver fruit at optimum commercial maturity and quality and to obtain adequate storage time

Preventing phone theft and robbery: the need for government action and international coordination

The banning of stolen handsets from networks has been around for 20 years, but remains little used internationally. Where used, its effectiveness is hindered by implementation problems, reprogramming, easy fencing opportunities, and international trafficking. Kill-switches where the user remotely disables a handset and deletes data have potential but, if non-permanent, are likely to experience similar limitations. This study proposes a set of responses to be adopted by national governments with international coordination

The effects of some citrus rootstocks on fruit productivity of some important orange, grapefruit, lemon and mandarin cultivars in çukurova region [Bazi turunçgil anaçlarinin çukurova koşullannda önemli portakal, altintop, limon ve mandarin çeşitlerinde meyve verimi üzerine etkileri]

This study was carried out under Çukurova (East Mediterranean region) conditions in order to determine the most definite effects of Common sour orange, Brasilien sour orange, Yuzu, Troyer and Carizzo citranges. Beneke trifoliate orange, Cleopatra mandarin, Volkameriana, Taiwanica, Rough lemon, Citrumelo 1452 rootstocks on the fruit yield of the Washington Navel, Valencia Late, Moro Blood and Shamouti oranges; Marsh Seedless and Redblush grapefruits; Kütdiken and Italyan Memeli lemons and Satsuma mandarin cultivars during 1993-1995. Sour orange showed medium performance on the productivities of orange cultivars. Carrizo citrange and Citrumelo 1452 for Washington Navel; Citrumelo 1452. Carrizo and Troyer citranges for Valencia: Troyer citrange for Moro Blood and Carizzo citrange for Shamouti were observed to be the most promising rootstocks. Carrizo citrange affected positively on the yield of Marsh Seedless and Redblush grapefruit cultivars. In addition, the effects of Common sour orange showed quite well performances on both of the grapefruit cultivars. Since the negative effects of Beneke trifoliate orange and Volkameriana had been seen on the grapefruits, these rootstocks should not be recommended in Çukurova region. Kütdiken lemon on Cleopatra mandarin and Italyan Memeli on Taiwanica were found to be most performant trees. Also, it could be considered that, both Yuzu and Common sour orange were found as promising rootstocks. For lemon cutivars, poor performances were obtained from the citranges when compared with the other rootstocks. Carrizo citrange, Citrumelo 1452 and Yuzu were found to be most important rootstocks as far as the yield of Satsuma mandarin is considered. It could be suggested that, these rootstocks should be used for Satsuma in Çukurova region instead of Common sour orange

Comparaison des performances racinaires de dix porte-greffe des agrumes en Turquie sur sol argilo-limoneux

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Seasonal carbohydrate changes in the leaves of some Satsuma cultivars on different rootstocks [Farklı anaçlar üzerine aşılı bazı satsuma çeşitlerinin yapraklarında karbonhidrat fraksiyonlarının değişimi]

The seasonal changes of carbohydrate content were monitored in the leaves of ‘Okitsu’, ‘Clausellina’, and ‘Silverhill’ satsuma cultivars budded on the sour orange (Citrus aurantium L. var. Yerli), Carrizo and Troyer citranges (Poncirus trifoliata Raf. x Citrus sinensis Osb. var. Troyer and Carrizo) during the 2010 and 2011 seasons. The seasonal changing trends of leaf soluble sugar contents of 3 satsuma cultivars budded on different rootstocks were similar. The sucrose was the most abundant soluble sugar. Carbohydrate contents had a maximum level at dormant period, and remained at low level during summer. In this period, the sharp decrease in leaf total carbohydrate concentration of ‘Okitsu’, ‘Clausellina’ and ‘Silverhill’ occurred in April with a rate of 27.9%, 22.6% and 21.0%, respectively. Accumulation of carbohydrate in leaves generally started after mid summer and continued until the end of year. The rootstocks were found to be not significant for total soluble sugar, starch and total carbohydrate concentration in most of the months. The cultivars had a significant effect on carbohydrate fractions of leaves compared to rootstocks. The scion-rootstock combination was significant on total carbohydrate concentration of leaves in all months investigated. © 2017, Ankara University. All rights reserved.Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management Unit: 1001 M 0102We would like to thank for financial support from the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Mustafa Kemal University (Project number: 1001 M 0102)

The effects of citrus rootstocks on Valencia Late and Rhode Red Valencia oranges for some plant nutrient elements

In citrus production, the rootstocks utilization is beneficial for solving the problems caused by soil, climates, pests and diseases as well as achieving higher productivity and quality, earlier and later fruitproductions. Therefore, citrus producer almost exclusively utilizes rootstocks. The major rootstock of Turkish citrus production is sour orange while trifoliate, Troyer and Carrizo citranges are utilized aswell. In this study, we determined the rootstock effects on some plant nutrient element status of Rhode Red Valencia and Valencia Late oranges budded on sour orange, Troyer and Carrizo citranges in 2004and 2005. Our results were similar in both experimental years with few expectations. The nutrient status of the two orange cultivars tested significantly differed from K and Ca concentrations in both years.However, all cultivars mean were within the range of optimal limits except Zn. The rootstock had significantly different means for all elements tested in both years. We demonstrated that the citrusrootstocks had different abilities to utilize plant nutrient elements. For N, K, Mg, Mn and Cu, Carrizo citrange has the highest means while Troyer and sour orange have the highest concentrations for P andFe, and Ca, Zn and Na, respectively. We recommend utilizations of Carrizo and Troyer citrange rootstocks for eastern Mediterranean region citrus production as they had higher ability to utilize manyplant nutrient elements playing important roles in productivity and quality

Effects of rootstocks on storage performance of nova mandarins

In this research, the effects of rootstocks on the storage performance of Nova mandarins grafted on Carrizo citrange, Troyer citrange, or sour orange grown in the ecological conditions of Dörtyol were studied. Fruits were harvested at optimum maturity and kept at 4 °C and 6 °C for 120 days. Changes in weight loss, incidence of fungal decay and physiological disorders, juice content, total soluble solids (TSS), percent fruit with green button, titratable acidity (TA), juice pH, vitamin C content, and rind color (L*, C*, h°) were monitored at 15-day intervals during storage to determine the effects of rootstock on postharvest quality of Nova mandarins. The fruit of Nova mandarin grafted on sour orange and Carrizo citrange had higher weight loss than Troyer citrange. Weight loss from Nova mandarins kept at 4 °C and 6 °C reached 7.71% and 12.21%, respectively, after 120 days of storage. Juice pH, incidence of fungal decay, and physiological disorders increased, while juice content, TA, vitamin C content, percent fruit with green button, and L*, C*, and h° values of rind color decreased in the Nova mandarin cultivar during cold storage. According to the data, the fruits of Nova mandarin grafted on Carrizo citrange, Troyer citrange, or sour orange were stored better at 4 °C than 6 °C. Fruit could be kept at 4 °C for 75 days and at 6 °C for 45 days without any quality deterioration. © TÜBİTAK.Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi: 04 M 0105This work was based upon the research of a master’s thesis financially supported by the Mustafa Kemal University Research Foundation (Project No: 04 M 0105)

Performance of "rio red" grapefruit on seven rootstocks in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey

The effects of rootstocks such as 'sour orange' (Citrus aurantium L. var. 'Yerli'), 'Carrizo' and 'Troyer citranges' (Citrus sinensis Osb. x Poncirus trifoliata Raf), 'Smooth Flat Seville sour orange' (Citrus spp. hybrid of uncertain origin), 'Brazilian sour orange' (Citrus aurantiam L. var. 'Brasilian'), 'Volkameriana' (Citrus volkameriana Tan. and Pasq.) and 'Calamondin' (possibly Citrus reticulate var. austere×Fortunella hybrid, Swingle) on plant growth, fruit yield, and quality of 'Rio Red' grapefruit were investigated from 2008 to 2012. Rootstocks were found to have significant effects on plant growth, fruit yield, and quality. 'Rio Red' grapefruit trees budded on 'Carrizo' and 'Troyer citranges' showed higher vegetative growth parameters (canopy height, diameter, and volume) than the trees on the other rootstocks. The trees on 'Volkameriana' and 'Carrizo citrange' produced higher percentage of cumulative yield of about 55.1 and 34.3%, respectively, than the trees on 'sour orange'. 'Rio Red' grapefruit budded on 'Carrizo citrange' had higher fruit quality such as thin rind, high juice content, and more color development than the other rootstocks. 'Carrizo citrange' was the most promising rootstock for 'Rio Red' grapefruit in Dörtyol, Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey

Performance of ''Rio Red'' Grapefruit on Seven Rootstocks in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey

WOS: 000338847100018The effects of rootstocks such as 'sour orange' (Citrus aurantium L. var. 'Yerli'), 'Carrizo' and 'Troyer citranges' (Citrus sinensis Osb. x Poncirus trifoliata Raf), 'Smooth Flat Seville sour orange' (Citrus spp. hybrid of uncertain origin), 'Brazilian sour orange' (Citrus aurantiam L. var. 'Brasilian'), 'Volkameriana' (Citrus volkameriana Tan. and Pasq.) and 'Calamondin' (possibly Citrus reticulate var. austerexFortunella hybrid, Swingle) on plant growth, fruit yield, and quality of 'Rio Red' grapefruit were investigated from 2008 to 2012. Rootstocks were found to have significant effects on plant growth, fruit yield, and quality. 'Rio Red' grapefruit trees budded on 'Carrizo' and 'Troyer citranges' showed higher vegetative growth parameters (canopy height, diameter, and volume) than the trees on the other rootstocks. The trees on 'Volkameriana' and 'Carrizo citrange' produced higher percentage of cumulative yield of about 55.1 and 34.3%, respectively, than the trees on 'sour orange'. 'Rio Red' grapefruit budded on 'Carrizo citrange' had higher fruit quality such as thin rind, high juice content, and more color development than the other rootstocks. 'Carrizo citrange' was the most promising rootstock for 'Rio Red' grapefruit in Dortyol, Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey

Identification of Zygotic and Nucellar Individuals Produced from Several Citrus Crosses Using SSRs Markers

Turkey is an important citrus-producing country. However, new cultivars are needed to sustain citrus production and ensure its competitiveness against other crops. There are currently several citrus breeding programs that aim to help overcome the lack of local commercial varieties and to contribute to Turkey's competitive capacity in the citrus market. In this study, we report the utilization of molecular markers in one such breeding program. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were employed to eliminate nucellar individuals from a hybrid population produced by crossing. The crosses included 'Fremont' and 'Robinson' mandarins as the female parents and 'Midknight Valencia', 'Rhode Red Valencia', and 'Valencia Late' oranges and 'Rio Red' grapefruit cultivars as the male parents. Seedlings with the same banding patterns as the female parent were identified as nucellar seedlings by 11 SSR primers. Primers AG14 and TAA03 were found to be more effective at identifying zygotic individuals than other primers. 'Fremont' and 'Robinson' mandarins produced 36.91% and 31.09% of nucellar seedlings, respectively. As a pollen parent, 'Rio Red' grapefruit had a higher ratio of zygotic seedlings compared to 'Midknight Valencia', and can be recommended in breeding programs. Comparative analysis of different citrus fruits in the breeding programs allowed us to design an efficient hybridization scheme for this study