Synthesis, structural and optical properties of Mn doped ZnO nanoparticles and their antibacterial application

In the present investigation, MnxZn1-xO (x = 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1%) nanoparticles have been synthesized by simple precipitation method. Their structural, morphological and optical properties were examined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The Powder X-ray diffraction studies confirmed that the manganese doped ZnO have a single phase nature with hexagonal wurtzite structure and Mn successfully incorporated into the lattice position of Zn in ZnO lattice. The FESEM and HRTEM images are coincided with each other for aggregation of particles in nature. The elemental analysis of doped samples has been evaluated by EDX. The antibacterial activity of Mn doped ZnO nanoparticles has also been examined

Preparation and Characterization of Ag doped ZnO nanoparticles and its Antibacterial Applications

In the present investigation, AgxZn1-xO nanoparticles (x = 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1%) have been successfully synthesized by precipitation method. The synthesized AgxZn1-xO nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and UV–visible spectrophotometer. The XRD studies revealed that the Ag doped ZnO nanoparticles in hexagonal wurtzite structure. The FESEM and HRTEM images show that the presence of aggregated nanoparticles. The EDX spectrum confirmed the present metals in AgxZn1-xO nanoparticles which indicated the purity of the sample. The FTIR and Raman spectrum indicates that the present functional groups and crystalline quality of Ag doped ZnO nanoparticles. The optical properties were measured by using UV–Vis Spectrophotometer. The antibacterial activity of the samples are examined and also compared with standard drugs

ETHNOBOTANICAL NOTE ON THE VETERINARY HEALTH-CARE MANAGEMENT BY MALAYALI TRIBES OF KALRAYAN HILLS

ABSTRACTObjective: Livestock is considered as the wealth of the tribal people, and the tribes are having rich knowledge on ethno-veterinary (EV) health-caremanagement. Keeping this in view, the study was carried out to document ethno-veterinary medicinal (EVM) knowledge of Malayali tribes, the nativepeople of Kalrayan Hills, Salem, Tamil Nadu, to improve their socio-economic status.Methods: Ethnobotanical survey was carried out in Kalrayan hills for EVM practices through regular field visits to the various hamlets of the studyarea from December 2009 to December 2014. EVM information was collected through personal interviews, field observations, and discussions amongthe traditional healers having familiarity and knowledge on Ethnoveterinary Medicine [EVM].Results: Utilization of 137 plant species as EVM, belonging to 120 genera under 54 families, has been recorded against 40 livestock ailments with126 types of preparations. Plant parts, such as leaf, root, flower, bark, resin, and rhizome, are used in the preparation. Among the plant parts, bark ispredominately used. Most of the preparations include parts of more than one plant as the ingredients, and many of such combined preparations areused for treating more than one ailment.Conclusion: In the present study, we observed the prevalence of different types of livestock ailments in the study area, and the tribal community ishaving much knowledge on EV health-care management which is an integral part of their day-to-day life.Keywords: Ethnobotany, Ethno-veterinary medicine, Livestock, Malayali tribes, Eastern Ghats, Kalrayan hills, Salem

Design and Implementation of Fuzzy Logic Controller for Online Computer Controlled Steering System for Navigation of a Teleoperated Agricultural Vehicle

This paper describes design, modeling, simulation, control, and implementation of teleoperated agricultural vehicle using intelligent technique. This vehicle can be used for ploughing, sowing, and soil moisture sensing. Online computer controlled steering system for a vehicle utilizing two independent drive wheels can be used to avoid obstacles and to improve the ability to resist external side forces. To control the steer angles of the nondriven wheels, the mathematical relationships between the drive wheel speeds and the steer angles of the nondriven wheels are used. A fuzzy logic controller is designed to change the drive wheel speeds and to achieve the desired steer angles. Online control of the agricultural vehicle is achieved from a remote place by means of Web Publishing Tool in LabVIEW. IR sensors in the vehicle are used to detect and to avoid the obstacles around. The developed steering angle control algorithm and fuzzy logic controller have been implemented in an agricultural vehicle which depicts that the vehicle performs its operation efficiently and reduces the manpower and becomes advantageous

Dynamics of Industrial Buyer Behavior of Loader Backhoe

ABSTRACT: To investigate how the buying behavior of firms work is always needed, since it is an every changing process influenced by many forces in its surroundings. Industrial firms tend to have a smaller number of customers which means that they are easier to identify than customers in consumer markets. Effective marketing strategy relies on understanding consumers and their needs. This understanding must include the industrial buyer if industrial marketing efforts are to be well planned and executed. This study is focused on understanding the buyer behavior of loader backhoe equipment's among Indian consumers. Primary data was collected from 387 buyers with the help of self-administered questionnaires. The hypotheses are tested with the help of chi-square, regression and ANOVA. From the data analysis it is concluded that the brand selection by the buyers of loader backhoe will influenced by brand awareness, past experience, Reliability, Resale value, Productivity, Service parts and network and less downtime. On considering the various brands JCB has good mind share and market share on loader backhoe equipment's

Determination of genetic polymorphism among indigenous and exotic maize inbreds using microsatellite markers

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal crop of different countries of world. Undoubtedly, the concerted efforts of plant breeders and their breeding strategies have helped to increase the production and productivity to the tune of two to three folds in many crops including maize. Hybrid cultivars have played a vital role in increasing the acreage and productivity of maize. The success in identifying heterotic hybrid in maize hybrid breeding depends on the availability of genetically diverse maize inbred lines developed from different heterotic gene pool. Hence, generation of information on variability of inbreds at genotypic level become necessary. Molecular markers have proven to be a valuable tool for assessing the genetic diversity in many crop species. Simple sequence repeats (SSR) are currently considered as the molecular markers of choice and are rapidly being adapted by plant researchers for precise estimation of diversity. SSR based molecular diversity analysis of 27 maize inbred lines had produced 23 polymorphic alleles from 10 markers with an average of 2.3 alleles per locus and mean polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.45. The dendrogram generated with hierarchical unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis revealed five major clusters at 0.62 similarity coefficient. The information on diversity of inbred lines generated in this study would be much useful in developing heterotic hybrids.Keywords: Maize, inbreds, marker diversity, simple sequence repeats (SSR)African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(39), pp. 5723-572

First record of Coelastrella vacuolata (Chlorophyta: Scenedesmaceae) in Tuticorin coast, Gulf of Mannar

Present study was aimed to isolate marine green algae from the sea water samples of Tuticorin coast, Gulf of Mannar. The collected seawater was maintained in Walne’s medium with optimum conditions (pH: 8.2-8.7, light intensity: 1000 Lux, salinity: 35 ppt and temperature: 18-25 °C and) for obtaining maximum growth. Then the mixed culture was purified by streak plate method and monoalgal sample was isolated. Monoalgal sample was identified as Coelastrella vacuolata by Light Microscope (LM), Fluorescent Microscope (FM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) based on its morphology. It was further confirmed by the molecular identification by 18s rDNA sequencing. Cells were observed either in isolated or in the colony and the size was ranged from 7 to 11 µ. It is the first record for the presence of C. vacuolata in the seawater of Tuticorin coast, Gulf of Mannar

Polychlorinated biphenyl contamination to the Canadian arctic from landfills and sewage treatment outlets

An investigation was undertaken in soil from the Canadian polar circle [Yellowknife (YELL), Iqaluit (IQA), and Cambridge Bay (CAM)]. Twenty four soil samples (YELL = 3, IQA = 15, CAM = 6) were collected with the depths of 0–20 cm below surface. Eighty major PCBs congeners were analyzed and twenty two PCBs were detected. Concentrations of PCBs in IQA were found to be the highest (0.11–1111 ng/g on dry weight basis), following in decreasing order: CAM (0.07–145 ng/g) and YELL (0.4–7.1 ng/g). Contamination profiles of PCB congeners were different between Iqaluit samples, while PCBs congener profiles were similar in Yellowknife and Cambridge Bay areas. The background sample sites were chosen to be representative of clean and undisturbed soils. The large difference in concentrations observed between dumpsites and background soil samples suggest PCB deposition into these dumpsites from materials discarded within. This is yet another evidence to show that previously pristine Polar Regions are increasingly getting contaminated through human activities. PCBs are excellent industrial markers in this forensic investigation