Electro-magnetic Responsive Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 Nano-particle Composite

The purpose of this study is to simulate and synthesize a Radar (or Radiation) Absorbent Material (RAM) by using polymers and nickel zinc ferrite (Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4) magnetic nanoparticles. There is an ardent desire in military, space and electronics for lighter, faster, cheaper and widespread bandwidth providing RAM materials. Electromagnetic property such as magnetic permeability and electric permittivity play a major in controlling the radiation. The appropriate combination of permeability and permittivity properties is acquired for the synthesis of RAM providing wide-ranging bandwidth. The apt property is achieved by rule of mixture, mixing of particular composition of epoxy polymer having low permeability and permittivity with the nickel zinc ferrite magnetic nanoparticle having high permeability and permittivity. In this investigation, we studied the effective relative permeability and permittivity of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles encapsulated within the epoxy polymer resin through Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and several various analytical experiments to verify and match both the simulation and experimental results. The FEA model was explored in two different aspect. First, shape of the nanoparticle is assumed to be spherical, cubic and bar structure. Secondly, the distribution of nanoparticle in the epoxy polymer matrix is assumed to be Simple Cubic (SC), Body Center Cubic (BCC), Face Center Cubic (FCC) and Random distributed unit cell. The result is compared with analytic approaches (Maxwell-Garnett (M-G) theory, Bruggeman theory) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) experimental data

Souffle/Spastizin regulates secretory granule maturation by sorting lysosomal cargo from immature secretory granule during zebrafish oogenesis

Successful reproduction of all sexually reproducing organisms mainly depends on the viability of the oocyte. The making of the oocyte is regulated at multiple level to ensure its quality where it carries the information from mother to the next generation. During oogenesis, apart from meiotic maturation cytoplasm also changes dynamically. The cellular transport pathways play an essential role in importing molecules from the mother and positioning them, which creates the polarity, axis and germplasm for future embryo. Vesicle trafficking is a vital transport process in all cells to import and deliver molecules to interact with the surrounding environment. This cellular mechanism is necessary for many biological processes like signal transduction, cytokinesis, polarity and lysosomal degradation. The discovery of many regulators (Rabs and SNAREs) in unicellular organisms showed the requirement of tight regulation in vesicle fission and fusion process. However, a forward genetic screen for yolk endocytosis in C.elegans discovered many novel regulators and a novel compartment, which are specific to multi-cellular organisms suggesting the presence of more complex regulation in vertebrates. Hence, finding new regulators are necessary to understand the process in vertebrates. We aimed at identifying novel, vertebrate regulators of oogenesis in zebrafish oocytes using a maternal-effect mutagenesis screen. We isolated a group of mutants, which lays opaque rather than transparent embryos. One of the mutants named soufflé (suf) has been mapped to a FYVE- Zinc finger protein by positional cloning. This FYVE domain binds to PI3P lipids, which are predominantly found on endosomal membranes. Biochemical analysis revealed that these mutants have a defect in yolk cleavage during oocyte maturation, which leads to the observed opaqueness (Dosch et al., 2004). Furthermore, electron microscopy analysis revealed that suf accumulates smaller endosomes, whereas in wild types they mature into functional yolk globules in the oocyte. These preliminary results raised the question that how does soufflé regulate trafficking during oogenesis and what is the molecular mechanism behind the defect in suf mutant. Endosomal analysis showed accumulation of Rab11 and fragmented lysosome. In-vivo trafficking assay showed no defect in endocytosis and endosomal recycling. Rab11 localizes to secretory granule and suf mutant accumulates immature secretory granule (ISG). In-vivo assay showed that suf fail to elevate the chorion after fertilization indicating a defect in exocytosis of dense core vesicle (DCV). Further analysis showed that suf mutant accumulate secretory granule without dense core resulted from defective sorting and vesicle fission from ISG. Surprisingly, we discovered the vesicle in cortical region with Abstract 13 many clathrin buds without fission accumulating in suf mutant using electron microscopy, consistent with accumulation of ISG marker VAMP4. Remarkably, chemical inhibition of dynamin function in the wild-type egg mimics suf mutant phenotype in cellular level and failed in chorion elevation. In addition, mis-organised F-actin showed the failure in exocytosis of vesicle. Rescue analysis with mutant construct showed that suf allele is a hypo morph. These results show that suf is necessary for sorting and fission during DCV formation. Sorting from ISG during DCV formation is also necessary for lysosomal biogenesis. We found that suf mutant lysosome did not receive cathepsin B, F and L, yolk-degrading proteases, explaining the opaque phenotype. Furthermore, vATPase subunit d1 is also missing in the vesicle of suf mutant oocytes. Analysis of lysosomal sorting receptors and adaptor revealed that suf mutant does not have a defect in M6PR and sortilin mediated pathway, but they show reduced LAMP carrier intermediate mediated by VPS41 and AP3. In addition, AP3 positive vesicles are reduced while AP3 accumulates more on secretory granule consistent with reduced VPS41 recruitment on secretory granule. VPS41-AP3 mediated lysosomal transport carries lysosomal enzymes, SNAREs and other membrane proteins. The VPS41 and AP3 mutant phenotype explains the reason for fragmented lysosome and failure in DCV formation phenotype in suf mutant. Bioinformatics prediction shows that suf has a clathrin heavy chain domain, which can form clathrin like coat like in VPS41. Suf interaction with AP5 further suggesting that suf may work as a coat protein like VPS41 for lysosomal transport. We discovered a novel function for suf in sorting of lysosomal cargo sorting from ISG results in successful DCV formation and lysosomal function, in the absence of suf both lysosome and DCV formation is affected. Interestingly, souffle mutation has been identified to cause progressive motor neuro-degeneration in human. This defect in DCV formation could be one reason for why the long motor neuron loses its connection and causes spasticity, since DCV is necessary for long-term potentiation. Hence, souffle mutant egg is an excellent model to study the molecular mechanism and disease pathology

'Mysticism' in the Gospel of John : an inquiry into the background of John in Jewish mysticism.

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DX185894 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Serially Concatenated Coded Continuous Phase Modulation for Aeronautical Telemetry

This thesis treats the development of bandwidth-efficient serially concatenated coded (SCC) continuous phase modulation (CPM) techniques for aeronautical telemetry. The concatenated code consists of an inner and an outer code, separated by an interleaver in most configurations, and is decoded using relatively simple near-optimum iterative decoding algorithms. CPM waveforms such as shaped-offset quadrature phase shift keying (SOQPSK) and pulse code modulation/frequency modulation (PCM/FM), which are currently used in military satellite and aeronautical telemetry standards, can be viewed as inner codes due to their recursive nature. For the outer codes, this thesis applies serially concatenated convolutional codes (SCCC), turbo-product codes (TPC) and repeat-accumulate codes (RAC) because of their large coding gains, high code rates, and because their decoding algorithms are readily implemented. High-rate codes are of special interest in aeronautical telemetry applications due to recent reductions in available spectrum and ever-increasing demands on data rates. This thesis evaluates the proposed coding schemes with a large set of numerical simulation results and makes a number of recommendations based on these results

Validating sensor nodes in Wireless sensor networks using scoring algorithm

Sensor networks are frequently used to collect data in the environment such as agriculture, forest monitoring, healthcare, and military battlefield. In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), nodes are used to monitor the environment and gather data where sinks can be used to collect the data from the sensor nodes and transfer them to the back-end server for processing. These sensible data are moved from one node to another node in the network. Such data should not be considered for public accessibility by the nodes in the network where the visibility and ease of access can only be achieved through either authenticated nodes or right authenticated persons. As sensor node can collect an important data (such as medical or military data), security is a critical issue. Hence, the sensor network needs a secure authentication mechanism to solve this problem and protects the unauthorized access. Therefore, the authentication mechanism used by the node and the sink node must be very efficient in terms of both computational time and energy consumptions. This is especially important for nodes with computing capabilities and battery lifetime is very low. Moreover, for extremely lightweight devices, efficient security solutions with simple mathematics operation and low energy consumptions are still required. To make an authentication decision in real-time, a scoring algorithm examines the user model and the user’s recent behavior, and outputs a score indicating the likelihood that the correct user is using the device. The score is used to make an authentication decision

Stability Analysis of a Concrete Arch Gravity Dam by 3D Finite Element Technique

This research aims to determine the static response of an arch dam before undertaking a dynamic analysis of the dam due to hydrodynamic and seismic stresses. An arch dam with soil interaction, a dam without soil contact, and a dam between soil and reservoir system were all modelled using ANSYS finite element software. The research intends to determine various deformations and stresses caused by the loads attributed to arch dams in different dam systems. Many different outcomes are mapped out and discussed, mainly as weight differences

Pulmonary Tumor Detection by virtue of GLCM

132–134As per the technical evolution and latest trend, Image processing techniques has become a boon in medical domain especially for tumor detection. Presence of tumor in Lungs which leads to lung cancer is a prominent and trivial disease at 18%. This is important to be detected at early stage thereby decreasing the mortality rate. The survival rate among people increased by early diagnosis of lung tumor. Detection of tumor cell will improve the survival rate from 14 to 49%. The aim of this research work is to design a lung tumor detection system based on analysis of microscopic image of biopsy using digital image processing. This can be done using Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) method and classified using back propagation neural network. This method is used for extracting texture features based on parameters such as contrast, correlation, energy, and homogeneity from the lung nodule. The microscopic lung biopsy images are classified into either cancer or non-cancer class using the artificial neural network algorithm. The proposed system has proven results in lung tumor detection and diagnosis

Automation in Leather Making

Content: In most of the tanneries, water and chemicals are added manually in the tanning drum and pH of the float / leather is adjusted. Addition of correct amount of process recipe are necessary for better processing of the hides and minimizing wastage of utility, thereby controlling pollution load in effluent. However, fugitive-emission from process and drains accumulate ammonia, hydrogen-sulphide and volatile organic compounds which contribute bad odor in tannery as well as in wastewater-treatment premises causing problems to occupational health & safety of workers. Both local and supervisory control stations are employed to monitor and accurately manage the unit operations. The objective of this work is to produce consistent quality of leathers and to provide a healthy environment through automatic dosing and odor abatement system. Therefore the entire process control operation is integrated to operate through PLCs with following five modules: i) Water addition module ii) Chemical preparation and dosing system iii) pH monitoring and float recycle system iv) Drum rotation module v) Odor reduction module. In the integrated system, critical and bulk chemicals are stored in bulk storage tanks and are drawn into the load cell (LC) as per process sequence or recipe for feeding into the drums through auxiliary tanks. The float-recycle system helps to remix & heat the float where a pH electrode is housed to monitor pH online. The pH monitoring system adjusts addition of critical chemicals that indicates automatic end point. The contaminated air inside the tannery is sucked and passed through blower and then through bio-filter. The filtration process is based on the principle that VOCs (in the order of 50-200 ppm) and odors can be biologically treated by naturally occurring microbes. The control parameters monitored are: moisture in the bed and uniformity of media (contaminated air or process liquor). The humidity and temperature of inlet media is controlled and contact time with microbes is 10-30 secs. Moisture is controlled to maintain microbial population. A lead in laboratory scale has been developed to measure process variables (PV) considering their spatial distribution in two dimensions. Spatial distribution of process variables inside hides (across cross section) may provide accurate measurement of through reconstruction of image and data driven models using artificial intelligence tools. Computational intelligence is developed for updation of model parameters as that can be used for direct estimation of PV Take-Away: 1. Cleaner production is provided through automation of dosing & pH monitoring using PLC in indegeneous way 2. Pollution Load in exit stream and odor-gas emmision are minimized 3. Artificial Intelligence and data analytics techniques are used in Leather makin