Mikroobide antibiootikumiresistentsuse vähendamise tegevuskava veterinaarmeditsiini valdkonnas aastateks 2017–2021

TäistekstRavijuhend on üldtunnustatud töövahend, mis annab juhiseid põllumajandusloomade antibakteriaalseks raviks ning seeläbi võimaldab parandada nii osutatavate veterinaarteenuste kui lõppkokkuvõttes loomse toidu kvaliteeti. Reeglina keskendub ravijuhend ühele haigusele või seisundile ning sisaldab soovitusi selle haiguse või seisundiga loomade ravimiseks. Ravijuhend põhineb parimal kättesaadaval tõendusmaterjalil (kliinilisel tõendusmaterjalil, rahvusvahelistes ajakirjades publitseeritud teadusuuringutel ja olemasolevatel kohalikel uurimisandmetel) ning on loomaarstidele abiks nende igapäevases töös. Ravijuhendite koostamisel on arvestatud riigi oludega, loomaarstiteenuse korraldusega ning õigusaktidest ja muudest juhenditest tulenevate reeglitega. Samuti lähtutakse ravijuhendites kulutõhususe printsiipidest. Antibiootikumiravi juhised on koostatud mikroobide resistentsuse tekkimise vähendamist silmas pidades. Antibiootikumiravi juhendis on kasutatavad toimeained jagatud kolme klassi. Esimese valiku (1. valik) moodustavad toimeained, millega tuleb diagnoositud haiguse ravi alustada. Esimese valiku antibiootikumide kasutamine võib toimuda ilma bakteriaalse diagnoosita ning kliiniliste tunnuste põhjal. Teise valiku antibiootikumide kasutamine on lubatud juhul, kui haigust põhjustavatel mikroobidel on esimese valiku antibiootikumide suhtes tekkinud resistentsus, resistentsuse teke peab olema kinnitatud laboratoorse analüüsiga. Antibiootikumitundlikkuse määramine kas looma või karja tasandil on vajalik, halb kliiniline ravivastus (ilma laborianalüüsi kinnituseta) ei ole piisav põhjendus teise valiku antibiootikumide kasutamiseks. Kolmanda valiku antibiootikumide kasutamine on lubatud erandjuhtudel, kui tegemist on esimese ja teise valiku antibiootikumide suhtes tekkinud resistentsusega. Halb kliiniline ravivastus ei ole piisav argument kolmanda valiku antibiootikumide kasutamiseks. Rutiinne kolmanda valiku antibiootikumide kasutamine karjas eeldab piisava andmestikuga tõenduspõhist analüüsi. Antibiootikumiravi juhendi eesmärk on: • anda soovitusi bakteriaalsete infektsioonide tõhusaks raviks • soodustada antibiootikumide ohutut, efektiivset ja ökonoomset kasutamist • vähendada antibiootikumiresistentsuse tekkimist • soodustada mikrobioloogiliste analüüside kasutamist enne ravi alustamis

Transcultural engagement with Polish memory of the Holocaust while watching Leszek Wosiewicz's Kornblumenblau

Kornblumenblau (Leszek Wosiewicz 1989) is a film that explores the experience of a Polish political prisoner interned at Auschwitz I. It particularly foregrounds issues related to Polish-Jewish relations during the Holocaust in its diegesis. Holocaust films are often discussed in relation to representation and the cultural specificity of their production context. However, this paper suggests thinking about film and topographies, the theme of this issue, not in relation to where a work is produced but in regards to the spectatorial space. It adopts a phenomenological approach to consider how, despite Kornblumenblau's particularly Polish themes, it might address the transcultural spectator and draw attention to the broader difficulties one faces when attempting to remember the Holocaust. Influenced particularly by the writing of Jennifer M. Barker and Laura U. Marks, this paper suggests that film possesses a body ¬¬- a display of intentionality, beyond those presented within the diegesis, which engages in dialogue with the spectator. During the experience of viewing Kornblumenblau, this filmic corporeality draws attention to the difficulties of confronting the Holocaust in particularly haptic ways, as the film points to the unreliability of visual historical sources, relates abject sensations to concentrationary spaces and breaks down as it confronts the scene of the gas chamber

Development and Evaluation of a mobile Patient Application to enhance medical-dental integration for the treatment of periodontitis and diabetes

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Coronal Heating as Determined by the Solar Flare Frequency Distribution Obtained by Aggregating Case Studies

Flare frequency distributions represent a key approach to addressing one of the largest problems in solar and stellar physics: determining the mechanism that counter-intuitively heats coronae to temperatures that are orders of magnitude hotter than the corresponding photospheres. It is widely accepted that the magnetic field is responsible for the heating, but there are two competing mechanisms that could explain it: nanoflares or Alfv\'en waves. To date, neither can be directly observed. Nanoflares are, by definition, extremely small, but their aggregate energy release could represent a substantial heating mechanism, presuming they are sufficiently abundant. One way to test this presumption is via the flare frequency distribution, which describes how often flares of various energies occur. If the slope of the power law fitting the flare frequency distribution is above a critical threshold, $\alpha=2$ as established in prior literature, then there should be a sufficient abundance of nanoflares to explain coronal heating. We performed $>$600 case studies of solar flares, made possible by an unprecedented number of data analysts via three semesters of an undergraduate physics laboratory course. This allowed us to include two crucial, but nontrivial, analysis methods: pre-flare baseline subtraction and computation of the flare energy, which requires determining flare start and stop times. We aggregated the results of these analyses into a statistical study to determine that $\alpha = 1.63 \pm 0.03$. This is below the critical threshold, suggesting that Alfv\'en waves are an important driver of coronal heating.Comment: 1,002 authors, 14 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, published by The Astrophysical Journal on 2023-05-09, volume 948, page 7