FARKLI KİMYASAL MADDELERLE EMPRENYE EDİLMİŞ AHŞAP ESASLI LEVHALARIN YANMA MUKAVEMETİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

Bu çalışmada, odun esaslı levhaların yanma dayanımı araştırılmıştır. Deneyde, fırça ile sürme ve daldırma yöntemleri, potasyum karbonat ( 2K2CO3 . 3H2O ), boraks ( Na2B4O7 . 10H2O ) ve wolmanit- CB maddeleri ile Kontrplak, OSB, MDF levhaları kullanılmıştır. Yanma deneyleri, DIN-4102 Part:1 standardı B1 Yanma sınıfına göre hazırlanmış deney düzeneklerinde yapılmıştır. Deney sırasında yanmaya ilk başlama süresi (sn), alev kaynaksız olarak alevli ve kor halde yanma süreleri (sn) tespit edilmiştir. Bu tespitlere göre, deney sonucu istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ahşap esaslı levhalar, Yanma, Emprenye, Yanmayı geciktirici kimyasal maddeler, Emprenye yöntemler

Geni potencijalne virulencije i profili antibiotske rezistencije bakterije campylobacter jejuni izolirane iz mačaka

Daily contact with cats is an important risk factor for human campylobacteriosis. The main goal of this study was to investigate the virulence genes and antibiotic resistances of C. jejuni isolated from the stools of cats brought to Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Training and Research Hospital Clinics. In the study, feces taken from different breeds and ages (1 month to 9 years) of 200 (116 female, 84 male) cats were examined between May 2017 and April 2018. Campylobacter spp. isolates were identified at genus and species level using genus specific multiplex PCR (mPCR), and the existence of iam, cadF, cdtA, flaA, ceuE, cdtC, cdtB and virB11 genes were found by PCR. The antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resitance (MDR) of the isolates were determined by disc diffusion test. By means of Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR), the genetic relativeness of the isolates were revealed. In this study, 41 (20.5%) of 200 stool samples were shown to be positive for Campylobacter spp. in the isolation of Campylobacter spp. from stool samples. In the positive samples, 14 of 22 (63.6%) were from diarhoeic cats and 27 of 178 (15.1%) were non-diarhoeic cats. Also, in total 71 Campylobacter spp. suspicious isolates were recovered from the 41 positive samples obtained. Phenotypic tests and PCR revealed that 65 isolates (20 from diarrhoeic and 45 from non-diarhoeic cat isolates) were identified as C. jejuni. The differences in isolation rate in relation to sex or age were not statistically significant (P>0.05). In terms of virulence genes, all C. jejuni isolates harbored at least five virulence genes. All isolates were positive for the cadF, cdtC and ceuE genes, respectively. C. jejuni isolates contained iam, cadF, cdtA, flaA, ceuE, cdtC, cdtB and virB11, at the rate of 19 (29.2%), 65 (100%), 64 (98.4), 54 (83%), 65 (100%), 65 (100%), 64 (98.4%) and 22 (33.8%) respectively. Moreover, cdtA and cdtB toxin genes were found in most of the isolates analysed. All C. jejuni isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin clavulanic acid. The highest resistances of the isolates were found as follows; 64 (98.4%), 63 (96.9%), 62 (95.3%) for ciprofloxacin (CIP), trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (SXT), nalidixic acid (NA) antibiotics, respectively. Multiple resistance of isolates was detected in the present study. Sixty-one (93.8%) out of 65 isolates were resistant to three or more antibiotics, and the highest resistance levels to three and seven antimicrobials were observed in 23.1% and 15.3% of the isolates respectively. In the study, C. jejuni isolates were resistant to most antibiotics currently used, and had extraordinary virulence traits in cats which may constitute a non-negligible risk for public health.Svakodnevni kontakt s mačkama znatan je čimbenik rizika za kampilobakteriozu u ljudi. Glavni je cilj ovoga rada bio istražiti gene virulencije i antibiotsku rezistenciju bakterije C. jejuni izolirane iz izmeta mačaka dovedenih na Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Training and Research Hospital Clinics. Izmet je uzet od 200 mačaka (116 ženki i 84 mužjaka) različitih pasmina i dobi (1 mjesec do 9 godina), od svibnja 2017. do travnja 2018. Izolati Campylobacter spp. identificirani su na razini roda i vrste primjenom genski specifičnog multipleks PCR-a (mPCR) kojim je ustanovljena prisutnost gena iam, cadF, cdtA, flaA, ceuE, cdtC, cdtB i virB11. Antimikrobna rezistencija i otpornost na širok spektar lijekova (MDR) izolata određeni su disk-difuzijskim testom. Primjenom Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR) otkriveni su genski srodnici izolata. U ovom je istraživanju 41 (20,5 %) od 200 uzoraka izmeta bio pozitivan na Campylobacter spp. Među pozitivnim uzorcima njih 14 od 22 (63,6 %) potjecalo je od mačaka koje su imale proljev, a 27 od 178 (15,1 %) uzoraka bilo je od mačaka koje nisu imale proljev. Fenotipski testovi i PCR pokazali su da je 65 izolata (20 od njih potjecalo je od mačaka koje su imale proljev i 45 od mačaka koje nisu imale proljev) identificirano kao C. jejuni. Razlike u broju izolata s obzirom na spol i dob nisu bile statistički znakovite (P > 0,05). Svi izolati C. jejuni imali su barem pet gena virulencije i bili pozitivni na gene cadF, cdtC i ceuE. Gen iam sadržavalo je 19 izolata C. jejuni (29,2 %), gen cadF 65 izolata (100 %), gen cdtA 64 izolata (98,4 %), gen flaA 54 izolata (83 %), gen ceu E 65 izolata (100 %), gen cdtC 65 izolata (100 %), gen cdtB 64 izolata (98,4 %) i gen virB11 22 izolata (33,8 %). Geni toksina cdtA i cdtB pronađeni su u većini analiziranih izolata. Svi su izolati C. jejuni bili osjetljivi na amoksicilin-klavulansku kiselinu. Najveća rezistencija bila je: 64 izolata (98, 4 %) na ciprofloksacin (CIP), 63 izolata (96,9 %) na trimetoprim- sulfametoksazol (SXT) i 62 izolata (95,3 %) na nalidiksičnu kiselinu (NA). U ovom je istraživanju ustanovljena višestruka rezistencija izolata. 61 od 65 izolata (93,8 %) bilo je otporno na tri ili više antibiotika, a najveća je otpornost utvrđena na tri antimikrobna lijeka u 23,1 % izolata i na sedam antimikrobnih lijekova u 15,3 % izolata. Istraživanjem je ustanovljena otpornost izolata C. jejuni na većinu antibiotika koji se trenutačno primjenjuju te iznimna svojstva virulencije u mačaka, koja mogu imati određeni rizik za javno zdravstvo

Kızıl tilkilerde (vulpes vulpes) testis, penis ve prostat’ın arteriyel vaskülarizasyonu, makroanatomik ve histolojik yapısı

The aim of this study was to examine arterial vascularization and the macroanatomic and histological structures of the testis, penis, and prostate gland in the red fox. Five male red foxes were provided by the Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Center of Kafkas University, Turkey. The arteries supplying the prostate, penis, and testes in the animals were exposed by dissection, the mean length, width, and weight of these organs were measured. After the anatomical features of the testis, penis, and prostate were assessed, tissue samples of each blocked in paraffin then handling standard histological procedures. The internal iliac artery was divided into two branches the caudal gluteal artery, which is the thicker branch and leads dorsally, and the internal pudendal artery, which is the thinner branch and leads ventrally. The testicular artery is asymmetrically separated from both sides of the abdominal aorta at the 5th lumbar vertebra, passes through the spermatic canal, and ends in the testes. It is thought that the findings of this study will contribute information to the literature on artificial insemination, castration, prostate, and urolithiasis surgeries on carnivores.Bu çalışmanın amacı kızıl tilkilerde testis, penis ve prostat’ın arteriyel vaskularizasyonu, makroanatomik ve histolojik yapısını incelemektir. Kafkas Üniversitesi Yaban Hayatı Koruma ve Kurtarma Merkezi’nden 5 adet erkek kızıl tilki temin edildi. Testis, penis ve prostat’ı besleyen arterler diseke edildi. Bu organların ortalama uzunluğu, genişliği, ağırlığı ölçüldü. Testis, penis ve prostat’ın anatomik özellikleri değerlendirildikten doku örneklerine standart histolojik prosedür uygulanarak parafinde bloklandı. İnternal iliac arter, daha kalın dorsal’e yönelen caudal gluteal arter ve daha ince ventral’e yönelen internal pudendal arter olarak ikiye ayrılıyordu. A. testicularis’ler L5 hizasında abdominal aorta’nın iki tarafından asimetrik olarak ayrılıyordu. Spermatik kanal boyunca seyredip testislerde sonlanıyordu. Sunulan çalışmanın bulgularının kızıl tilkiler ve carnivorlarda yapılacak olan suni tohumlama, kastrasyon, prostat ve ürolithiasis operasyonlarına katkıda bulunacağına inanmaktayız

Genotoxic and antigenotoxic assessment of four newly synthesized dihydropyridine derivatives

Abstract The current study aims to determine the genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of four newly synthesized dihydropyridine derivatives using Escherichia coli WP2 and Ames/Salmonella bacterial reversion assay systems. The bacterial mutant tester strains, E. coli WP2uvrA with a point mutation and Salmonella typhimurium TA1537 with a frameshift mutation, were used to determine genotoxic potentials of the test compounds. To determine antigenotoxic potentials of the test compounds, the same strains were also used together with positive mutagens N-methyl-N 0 -nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) for E. coli WP2uvrA and 9-aminoacridine (9-AA) for S. typhimurium TA1537. According to the results, neither of the test compounds showed significant genotoxic activity on both tester strains at the tested concentrations. However, except compound 4, all the test compounds showed significant antigenotoxic activity on MNNG-or/and 9-AA-induced mutations. The inhibition rates of mutagenesis ranged from 27.0% (compound 2: 2.5 mM/plate) to 65.0% (compound 2: 0.5 mM/ plate) for MNNG and from 30.6% (compound 2: 2 mM/plate) to 58.5% (compound 1: 1 mM/plate) for 9-AA genotoxicity. According to these results, it is concluded that all the test compounds do not have a mutagenic potential on the bacterial strains at the tested concentrations, and some of them have antigenotoxic potentials against MNNG-and 9-AA-induced mutagenesis

Improving Inertial Sensor-Based Activity Recognition in Neurological Populations

Inertial sensor-based human activity recognition (HAR) has a range of healthcare applications as it can indicate the overall health status or functional capabilities of people with impaired mobility. Typically, artificial intelligence models achieve high recognition accuracies when trained with rich and diverse inertial datasets. However, obtaining such datasets may not be feasible in neurological populations due to, e.g., impaired patient mobility to perform many daily activities. This study proposes a novel framework to overcome the challenge of creating rich and diverse datasets for HAR in neurological populations. The framework produces images from numerical inertial time-series data (initial state) and then artificially augments the number of produced images (enhanced state) to achieve a larger dataset. Here, we used convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures by utilizing image input. In addition, CNN enables transfer learning which enables limited datasets to benefit from models that are trained with big data. Initially, two benchmarked public datasets were used to verify the framework. Afterward, the approach was tested in limited local datasets of healthy subjects (HS), Parkinson’s disease (PD) population, and stroke survivors (SS) to further investigate validity. The experimental results show that when data augmentation is applied, recognition accuracies have been increased in HS, SS, and PD by 25.6%, 21.4%, and 5.8%, respectively, compared to the no data augmentation state. In addition, data augmentation contributes to better detection of stair ascent and stair descent by 39.1% and 18.0%, respectively, in limited local datasets. Findings also suggest that CNN architectures that have a small number of deep layers can achieve high accuracy. The implication of this study has the potential to reduce the burden on participants and researchers where limited datasets are accrued