On the effect of the built environment and preferences on non-work travel: Evidence from Japan

This study uses data from the 4th Nationwide Person Trip Survey to analyse the relation between the built environment, modal access preference at residential location and travel behaviour in Japan. By estimating random parameter count models, significant statistical associations were found between the built environment and preferences with non-work trip frequency by mode. Furthermore the effect of population density, car ownership and some access preference traits were found to be heterogeneous for some modes. Since most of the recent literature has focused largely on North-American and European cities, this study contributes to the existing body of literature by examining the role of the built environment and individual preferences on travel behaviour in the context of Japanese cities, and sheds some light on existing heterogeneity in the effects of some factors related to travel behaviour

The r-Process in Supersonic Neutrino-Driven Winds: The Roll of Wind Termination Shock

Recent hydrodynamic studies of core-collapse supernovae imply that the neutrino-heated ejecta from a nascent neutron star develops to supersonic outflows. These supersonic winds are influenced by the reverse shock from the preceding supernova ejecta, forming the wind termination shock. We investigate the effects of the termination shock in neutrino-driven winds and its roll on the r-process. Supersonic outflows are calculated with a semi-analytic neutrino-driven wind model. Subsequent termination-shocked, subsonic outflows are obtained by applying the Rankine-Hugoniot relations. We find a couple of effects that can be relevant for the r-process. First is the sudden slowdown of the temperature decrease by the wind termination. Second is the entropy jump by termination-shock heating, up to several 100NAk. Nucleosynthesis calculations in the obtained winds are performed to examine these effects on the r-process. We find that 1) the slowdown of the temperature decrease plays a decisive roll to determine the r-process abundance curves. This is due to the strong dependences of the nucleosynthetic path on the temperature during the r-process freezeout phase. Our results suggest that only the termination-shocked winds with relatively small shock radii (~500km) are relevant for the bulk of the solar r-process abundances (A~100-180). The heaviest part in the solar r-process curve (A~180-200), however, can be reproduced both in shocked and unshocked winds. These results may help to constrain the mass range of supernova progenitors relevant for the r-process. We find, on the other hand, 2) negligible roles of the entropy jump on the r-process. This is a consequence that the sizable entropy increase takes place only at a large shock radius (~10,000km) where the r-process has already ceased.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, submitted to ApJ, revised following referee's comments,Accepted for publication in Ap

Transcatheter Embolization for Systemic-pulmonary Artery Collaterals after Correction of Extreme Tetralogy of Fallot

The selective obliteration of systemic-pulmonary arterial collaterals by wire coil embolization, usually recognized in cyanotic congenital disease, is described in this report. A 11 year-old boy, who had received Blalock-Taussig shunt for extreme tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) at 1.5 year-old, had total correction and ligation of Blalock-Taussig shunt. After cardiac surgery, two times successful collateral transcatheter embolizations were performed for difficulty of weaning from left heart failure. We stressed that post operative transcatheter embolization was very effective and had many merits in these cases than the ligations of collaterals by means of thoracotomy

Reduced-intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation for renal cell carcinoma: In vivo evidence of a graft-versus-tumor effect

金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系We report the cases of 3 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma who underwent reduced-intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation. In 2 partial responders, histologic analyses of metastases revealed prominent accumulation of CD8+ T cells and degenerative changes of clear cell carcinoma, suggestive of induction of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes