Different origin of the ferromagnetic order in (Ga,Mn)As and (Ga,Mn)N

The mechanism for the ferromagnetic order of (Ga,Mn)As and (Ga,Mn)N is extensively studied over a vast range of Mn concentrations. We calculate the electronic structures of these materials using density functional theory in both the local spin density approximation and the LDA+U scheme, that we have now implemented in the code SIESTA. For (Ga,Mn)As, the LDA+U approach leads to a hole mediated picture of the ferromagnetism, with an exchange constant $N\beta$ =~ -2.8 eV. This is smaller than that obtained with LSDA, which overestimates the exchange coupling between Mn ions and the As $p$ holes. In contrast, the ferromagnetism in wurtzite (Ga,Mn)N is caused by the double-exchange mechanism, since a hole of strong $d$ character is found at the Fermi level in both the LSDA and the LDA+U approaches. In this case the coupling between the Mn ions decays rapidly with the Mn-Mn separation. This suggests a two phases picture of the ferromagnetic order in (Ga,Mn)N, with a robust ferromagnetic phase at large Mn concentration coexisting with a diluted weak ferromagnetic phase.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figure

Thermoelastic Damping in Micro- and Nano-Mechanical Systems

The importance of thermoelastic damping as a fundamental dissipation mechanism for small-scale mechanical resonators is evaluated in light of recent efforts to design high-Q micrometer- and nanometer-scale electro-mechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS). The equations of linear thermoelasticity are used to give a simple derivation for thermoelastic damping of small flexural vibrations in thin beams. It is shown that Zener's well-known approximation by a Lorentzian with a single thermal relaxation time slightly deviates from the exact expression.Comment: 10 pages. Submitted to Phys. Rev.

Resonant tunneling in a schematic model

Tunneling of an harmonically bound two-body system through an external Gaussian barrier is studied in a schematic model which allows for a better understanding of intricate quantum phenomena. The role of finite size and internal structure is investigated in a consistent treatment. The excitation of internal degrees of freedom gives rise to a peaked structure in the penetration factor. The model results indicate that for soft systems the adiabatic limit is not necessarily reached although often assumed in fusion of nuclei and in electron screening effects at astrophysical energies.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure

Magnetization Process of Nanoscale Iron Cluster

Low-temperature magnetization process of the nanoscale iron cluster in linearly sweeped fields is investigated by a numerical analysis of time-dependent Schr$\ddot{\rm o}$dinger equation and the quantum master equation. We introduce an effective basis method extracting important states, by which we can obtain the magnetization process effectively. We investigate the structure of the field derivative of the magnetization. We find out that the antisymmetric interaction determined from the lattice structure reproduces well the experimental results of the iron magnets and that this interaction plays an important role in the iron cluster. Deviations from the adiabatic process are also studied. In the fast sweeping case, our calculations indicate that the nonadiabatic transition dominantly occurs at the level crossing for the lowest field. In slow sweeping case, due to the influence of the thermal environment to the spin system, the field derivative of the magnetization shows an asymmetric behavior, the magnetic F$\ddot{\rm o}$hn effect, which explains the substructure of the experimental results in the pulsed field.Comment: 5 pages of text and 2 pages of 6 figures. To appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jp

Probing neutrino mass hierarchies and ϕ13\phi_{13} with supernova neutrinos

We investigate the feasibility of probing the neutrino mass hierarchy and the mixing angle $\phi_{13}$ with the neutrino burst from a future supernova. An inverse power-law density $\rho \sim r^{n}$ with varying $n$ is adopted in the analysis as the density profile of a typical core-collapse supernova. The survival probabilities of $\nu_{e}$ and $\bar{\nu}_{e}$ are shown to reduce to two-dimensional functions of $n$ and $\phi_{13}$. It is found that in the $n-\sin^{2} \phi_{13}$ parameter space, the 3D plots of the probability functions exhibit highly non-trivial structures that are sensitive to the mass hierarchy, the mixing angle $\phi_{13}$, and the value of $n$. The conditions that lead to observable differences in the 3D plots are established. With the uncertainty of $n$ considered, a qualitative analysis of the Earth matter effect is also included.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures. Ref [11] added, and some typos correcte

Magnetic Transition Temperature of (La,Sr)MnO3_3

Using the Kondo lattice model with classical spins in infinite dimension, magnetic phase transition in the perovskite-type $3d$ transition-metal oxide (La,Sr)MnO$_3$ is theoretically studied. On the Bethe lattice, the self-consistency equations are solved exactly. Curie temperatures at the region of double-exchange ferromagnetism $0.1 < x < 0.25$ as well as the Neel temperature at $x=0$ are well reproduced quantitatively. Pressure effect on the Curie temperature is also discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 1 PS file with 3 figures appended at the end, LaTe

Neutrino oscillations in matter of varying density

We consider two-family neutrino oscillations in a medium of continuously-varying density as a limit of the process in a series of constant-density layers. We construct analytic expressions for the conversion amplitude at high energies within a medium with a density profile that is piecewise linear. We compare some cases to understand the type of effects that depend on the order of the material traversed by a neutrino beam.Comment: 10 page

Observation of quantum oscillations between a Josephson phase qubit and a microscopic resonator using fast readout

We have detected coherent quantum oscillations between Josephson phase qubits and microscopic critical-current fluctuators by implementing a new state readout technique that is an order of magnitude faster than previous methods. The period of the oscillations is consistent with the spectroscopic splittings observed in the qubit's resonant frequency. The results point to a possible mechanism for decoherence and reduced measurement fidelity in superconducting qubits and demonstrate the means to measure two-qubit interactions in the time domain

On the nature of ferromagnetism in diluted magnetic semiconductors: GaAs:Mn, GaP:Mn

A microscopic Hamiltonian for interacting manganese impurities in diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) is derived. It is shown that in p -type III-V DMS the indirect exchange between Mn impurities has similarities with the Zener mechanism in transition metal oxides. Here the mobile holes and localized states near the top of the valence band play the role of unoccupied oxygen orbitals which induce ferromagnetism. The Curie temperature estimated from the proposed kinematic exchange agrees with recent experiments on GaAs:Mn. The model is also applicable to the GaP:Mn system.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to Europhysics Letters, June 25, 200