12,288 research outputs found
Direct democracy and constitutional change: institutional learning from state laboratories in the USA
Although the federal constitutional amendment procedure in Article V of the U.S. Constitution has not been altered since its adoption 226 years ago, constitutional tradition in the 50 states has substantially evolved. For instance, popular referenda were unknown in 1787, but are now ubiquitous in state constitutionalism. Over time, a strong tradition of direct democracy and majoritarian voting rules has emerged in almost all states. Nevertheless, scholars have often neglected the rich source of state experiments with amendment procedures in the U.S. and usually only refer to Switzerland as the prime example of direct democracy and (constitutional) referenda
SELEX: Recent Progress in the Analysis of Charm-Strange and Double-Charm Baryons
We present recent progress in the analysis of the Omega_c^0, the Xi_cc^+ and
the Xi_cc^++.Comment: Contribution to the proceedings of HQL06, Munich, October 16th-20th
200
Gastrointestinal cancer screening and surveillance programmes : a worldwide perspective : part 1
Part 2 of this article can be found through this link:
https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar//handle/123456789/13101Cancer is a leading cause of
death worldwide and such deaths
are projected to continue to rise,
creating significant morbidity and
mortality. Devising programmes to
detect early cancer, aiming to achieve
complete cure, has been high on the
agenda of various professional bodies.
This paper focuses on the various
screening and surveillance programmes
around the world, aiming at detecting
early gastrointestinal malignancies.
Starting with Barretts’ oesophagus,
we shall see the different surveillance
programmes across countries to detect
premalignant stages of oesophageal
cancer, while at the same time
reviewing the only country in the world,
China, which has an oesophageal
cancer mass screening programme.
Moving to gastric cancer, we shall
review Japan’s screening programme,
followed by other countries’ measures
in surveilling premalignant gastric
conditions. Colorectal cancer is the
only gastrointestinal cancer where
mass screening has been employed
in various countries. This will be
discussed in detail, with particular
emphasis on the British and American
systems. We shall also be discussing
the surveillance programmes for
moderate and high risk patients of
colorectal cancer. Finally, we shall also
review the different recommendations
with regards to screening for
hepatocellular carcinoma.peer-reviewe
Constraints on stellar yields and SNe from gamma-ray line observations
Gamma-ray line observations provide a versatile tool for studies of
nucleosynthesis processes and supernova physics. In particular, the observation
of radioactive species in the interstellar medium probes recent nucleosynthesis
activity on various time-scales for different kinds of sources. Considerable
progress in gamma-ray instrumentation during the last decades has led to the
discovery of several cosmic gamma-ray lines. In this review, recent
observational results are presented and their astrophysical implications are
discussed. Prospects of gamma-ray line astronomy will be explored in view of
the future INTEGRAL mission.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, The Interplay Between Massive Stars and the ISM,
Parallel Session I of JENAM99, 7-11 Sept. 1999, Toulouse, France, eds. Daniel
Schaerer and Rosa Gonzalez Delgad
Judicial Review of European Administrative Procedure
Schwarze examines the requirements set down in the case law of the Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance that serve to guarantee a fair and impartial administrative process. He also considers whether improvements should be made to the design of the administrative process and, if so, what kind
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