Prey spectra of bornean nepenthes species (Nepenthaceae) in relation to their habitat

Examination ofpitcher prey contents of 18 Bomean pitcher plants showed that pitchers attract 17 fauna groups. The upper and lower pitchers trap both flying and creeping fauna but generally the lower pitchers trap more creeping fauna and upper pitchers more flying prey species. Prey composition is generally correlated with habitat; species occupying different habitats in the same locality sometimes show striking differences in prey composition. Formicidae are the most abundant and frequently trapped, and pitchers collected below 100 m altitude contained enormous numbers of ants but their number generally decreased with altitude. However, the number of ants caught per pitcher was variable, e.g. from a few ants to 700 per pitcher in N. rafflesiana. Nepenthes species growing at high altitudes trapped a broader spectrum ofprey than species at lower altitudes. This broad spectrum of prey provides an ample food source for the pitcher-inhabiting predators, particularly Arachnida, which are common in high altitude species

Palynological study of Bornean Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae)

Palynological study shows that the mean pollen tetrad size of 27 Bornean Nepenthes species ranges from 27Um to 38.9 Um, thus falling into the small and medium-sized grain class. Aperture type, exine sculpturing, pollen unit and shape are homogeneous among Bornean species and thus not taxonomically useful at the specific and sectional level. The mean pollen tetrad size revealed that the species under investigation can be divided into three groups: Group 1: 27 Um, Group 11:28.5-34.7 Um, and Group IIl:37.2-38.9 Um

Kajian terhadap struktur komuniti tumbuhan Periuk Kera di Hutan Pendidikan Alam, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan

Two species of pitcher plants namely Nepenthes gracilis Korthals and . mirablis (Loureiro) Druce were recorded in the plot with an area of 0.1 hectare. The former species differed from the later species lJy its angular stem, sessile leaves, very thin peristome (~ 1 mm thick), under surface of pitcher lids were sparsely glandular, inner surface of the pitcher cavities were partly covered with exposed type of digestive glands whereas the later species have cylindrical stem, petiolate leaves, thick peristome (;? 1 mm thick), under surface of pitcher lids were densely glandular, inner surface surface of the pitcher cavities were partly covered with overarched type of digestive glands. The population density of N. gracilis is greater than that of N. mirabalis, each contained 147 and 15 individuals respectively. The low density of the former species was attributed to its strong tendency to grow in wet soil particularly in temporary and permanent inundated secondary vegetation. The population dispersion pattern of seedlings, saplings and matured plants of N. gacilis and N. gracilis were significantly aggregated

Rafflesia tunku-azizahiae (Rafflesiaceae), a new species from Pahang, Malaysia

A new species of Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae) from Mt. Benom Forest Reserve, Ulu Dong, Raub, Pahang, Rafflesia tunku-azizahiae Adam, Aizat-Juhari & Wan is described and illustrated. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis showed that R. tunku-azizahiae and R. tuanku-halimii are closely related morphologically, characterized by perigone lobes covered by rows of very closely spaced coalesced white warts, and windows wholly covered by very closely rings of coalesced white warts. Score plot and bi-plot showed that R. tunku-azizahiae differs from R. tuanku-halimii by larger flower diameter, broader diaphragm and disc diameter, larger aperture diameter and longer ramenta

A new Nepenthes from Mount Ilas Mapulu in Borneo

Caulis angularis. Folia coriacea, sessilia vel subpetiolata; lamina anguste elliptica vel oblanceolata, apex acutus vel obtusus subpeltatus, basis attenuata, semi-amplexicaulis, non decurrens; nervi longitudinales paralleli 8-10. Ascidia ellipsoidea, cum alis duabus prominentibus; os obliquum. Peristomium applanatum expansum, margo exterior distincte sinuatus, costae distinctae. Inflorescentia mascula racemosa; pedicelli uniflori. — Holotypus: Kostermans 14017 (L – HLB 960.112- 783 & 784), East Borneo, Bcrouw, top of Mt Has Mapulu, alt. 800 m, 23-9-1957. Stems angular, 5-6 mm thick, internodes 2-4 cm long. Leaves coriaceous, sessile or shortly petiolate; lamina narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 13-26 x 2.2-5 cm, apex acute, subpeltate; base attenuate, semi-amplexicaul; longitudinal nerves originating from lower 1/4 of the midrib, running 4-5 on each side; pinnate nerves distinct; tendrils of pitchers flattened, grooved, not curled, wider towards the pitcher, 3-4 mm thick near the pitcher, 1-2 mm thick near the leaf tip, 45-50 cm long, 1 to 2 times longer than lamina length; tendrils without pitchers slender, usually shorter than lamina length, 4-25 cm long. – Pitchers ellipsoidal, 11-21 cm high, 7-8.5 cm wide immediately below peristome, with 2 prominent fringed wings running over the entire length, wings 2-10 mm wide; mouth oblique; peristome flattened, expanded, 2-20 mm wide, broader in the middle, outer peristome margin distincdy wavy, peristome ribs 0.5 mm apart, inner peristome teeth distinct; inside surface of the pitcher glandless in the upper half, glandular with numerous minute glands in the lower half; lids 4.5-8 x 3-4 cm, the lower surface with a central glandular ridge and numerous glands concentrated around the ridge and towards the base, glands on the ridge large and distinct. – Male inflorescence racemose; peduncle 7 cm long; pedicels 4-8 mm long, 1-flowered, bractless; sepals 4, lanceolate, 2.5-3 x 1.5-2 mm; staminal column 2.5-3 mm long; anthers uniseriate. Female inflorescence unknown. Fruits unknown. – Indumentum of very short branched hairs on midribs, tendrils, pitchers, and inflorescences. Leaves glabrous above and below, the lower surface with dark brown spots. Margin of leaves sometimes ciliate

Ekopelancongan dan analisis sosioekonomi komuniti Ulu Dong

Lata Jarum terletak di Daerah Raub, Pahang merupakan sebuah destinasi ekopelancongan yang dapat menarik pelancong dengan keindahan hutan semulajadi yang kaya dengan khazanah flora dan fauna. Ekopelancongan ialah pelancongan yang memberi impak minimum serta menyumbang kepada pengekalan habitat dan spesies hidupan secara langsung dan tidak langsung termasuklah pengekalan kebudayaan masyarakat tempatan di samping dapat meningkatkan taraf sosioekonomi mereka. Projek ekopelancongan Lata Jarum dapat menyediakan pelbagai peluang pekerjaan kepada komuniti setempat. Mereka berpeluang mengusahakan pelbagai jenis perniagaan seperti chalet, produk makanan tradisional, projek pertanian, perubatan berasaskan herba atau sebagai pemandu pelancong dan pengawal hutan. Penduduk setempat perlu memahami konsep ekopelancongan serta berusaha untuk melibatkan diri dalam projek eko-pelancongan. Komuniti setempat bakal menerima kesan pembangunan sama ada secara langsung atau tidak langsung. Makalah ini bertujuan menganalisis sosioekonomi penduduk setempat di Mukim Ulu Dong. Kajiselidik dan temubual dilakukan terhadap informan utama iaitu penduduk di tiga buah perkampungan Melayu dan sebuah kampung Orang Asli di Mukim Ulu Dong. Kajian mendapati, majoriti komuniti di Mukim Ulu Dong bekerja sendiri dengan memperolehi pendapatan sebulan kurang daripada RM1000. Kaum belia kebanyakan mempunyai taraf pendidikan yang rendah. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat juga komuniti yang terlibat dalam perusahaan IKS seperti perniagaan kedai runcit, pembuatan kraftangan, pertanian, pengeluaran produk makanan dan perusahaan chalet namun bilangannya masih kecil. Penglibatan komuniti amat penting untuk menjadikan mereka lebih aktif dan efektif di samping dapat meningkatkan kesediaan komuniti untuk turut mencari peluang pekerjaan dalam bidang ekopelancongan

Potensi pelancongan di Matu-Daro, Sarawak: persepsi komuniti lokal

Industri pelancongan merupakan salah satu industri yang menyumbang kepada ekonomi negara dan pembangunan setempat. Pembangunan pelancongan di sesebuah kawasan memberikan impak positif terhadap komuniti lokal itu sendiri menerusi penglibatan secara langsung dan tidak langsung iaitu dapat meningkatkan kualiti hidup serta kesejahteraan masyarakat. Justeru itu, pengenalpastian potensi pelancongan di sesebuah kawasan dapat membantu mewujudkan pelbagai peluang pembangunan menerusi industri pelancongan di kawasan tersebut. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti persepsi komuniti lokal Melanau mengenai potensi pelancongan di kawasan Matu-Daro, Sarawak. Kaedah tinjauan melalui temubual berdasarkan satu set kaji selidik terhadap 150 orang responden di daerah Matu-Daro. Hasil kajian mendapati tiga jenis pelancongan yang berpotensi di perkembangkan iaitu pelancongan warisan dan kebudayaan, agro-pelancongan dan ekopelancongan. Potensi pelancongan warisan dan kebudayaan boleh diperkembangkan dengan adanya Rumah Panjang Melanau Islam yang tertua di dunia, Makam Orang Kaya Segunim, dan Pesta Kaul. Seterusnya agropelancongan menerusi pengusahaan pembuatan sagu dan penanaman padi yang dijalankan secara tradisional. Ekopelancongan juga boleh diketengahkan iaitu keunikan kawasan hutan paya bakau dan menyelami nilai estetika di Sungai Rajang. Secara kesimpulannya, Daerah Matu-Daro mempunyai potensi untuk dikomersilkan menerusi sektor pelancongan

Statistical summary of <i>Rafflesia cantleyi</i> sequence data.

<p>Statistical summary of <i>Rafflesia cantleyi</i> sequence data.</p

Species distribution of annotated <i>Rafflesia cantleyi</i> flower transcripts.

<p>Species distribution of annotated <i>Rafflesia cantleyi</i> flower transcripts.</p