Detección temprana de los transtornos del espectro autista entre profesionales de Educación Infantil y Primaria

[Resumen] En los últimos años surge un gran interés por la A tención Temprana y por la detección precoz (de 0 a 6 años) de patologías como los Trastornos del Espectro A utista (TEA), dada la significativa incidencia que tiene en el posterior desarrollo. L os profesionales de la Educación Infantil y Primaria juegan una baza fundamental en dicha detección; por ello, con este trabajo se ha pretendido evaluar el grado de conocimiento que poseen estos profesionales para emitir una sospecha ante un posible TEA a través de su conocimiento de las señales de alarma. Han participado un total de 108 personas, de las cuales 34 eran docentes en activo que tuvieron que cumplimentar de forma online un cuestionario que se diseñó con la finalidad de valorar su grado de conocimiento acerca de los TEA y los signos de alerta. L os resultados pusieron de manifiesto que los maestros en activo, contrariamente a lo esperado, presentaron una tasa más baja en el conocimiento de los TEA así como de los signos de alerta, en comparación con otros participantes que estaban trabajando en otro ámbito o estaban cursando estudios universitarios.[Abstract] In the last years a great interest arises for the Early A ttention and for the precocious detection (from 0 to 6 years) of pathologies as the A utistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD), given the significant incident that has in the later development. The professionals of the kindergarten and primary education play a fundamental advantage in the above mentioned detection; for it, with this work one has tried to evaluate the degree of knowledge that these professionals possess to issue a suspicion before one possible TEA across his knowledge of the red flags. They have informed a total of 108 persons, of which 34 were educational in assets that they had to complete of form online a questionnaire that was designed by the purpose of valuing his degree of knowledge it brings over of the TEA and the red flags. Involving a total of 108 people, of which 34 were active teachers who had to fill in a questionnaire online so that was designed in order to assess their level of knowledge about A SD and the warning signs. The results showed that active teachers, contrary to expectations, had a lower rate on knowledge of A SD as well as warning signs, compared with other participants who were working in another field or were studying university

Retos asistenciales en la atención al paciente traumatizado en España. La necesidad de implementación de la evidencia científica incluyendo la prevención secundaria

Producción CientíficaThe mortality of trauma patients has improved significantly in recent decades due to a combination of factors: medical care, educational campaigns and structural changes. Generalization of both out-of hospital emergence medical services and the hospital care in specific centers for traumatized has undoubtedly contributed to this decline, but other factors such as periodic campaigns to prevent workplace and traffic accidents, as well as improvements in the road network have played a key role. The challenge now is to contain mortality, for which is essential an analysis of the situation to detect potential areas of improvement. The application of diagnostic or therapeutic actions with scientific evidence is associated with lower mortality, but as in other areas of medicine, the application of scientific evidence in trauma patients is barely 50%. Moreover, nearly 90% of trauma deaths occur in the crash site or during the first 72 h of hospitalization, the vast majority as a result of injuries incompatible with life. In these circumstances it is clear that prevention is the most cost-effective activity. As medical practitioners, our role in prevention is mainly focused on the secondary prevention to avoid recidivism, for which it is necessary to identify the possible risk factors (frequently alcohol, illegal drugs, psychotropic medication, etc.) and implement a brief motivational intervention. This activity can reduce recidivism by nearly 50%. In Spain, the activity in this field is negligible; therefore, measures should be implemented for dissemination of secondary prevention in trauma

Melatonin non-linearly modulates bull spermatozoa motility and physiology in capacitating and non-capacitating conditions

Bull spermatozoa physiology may be modulated by melatonin. We washed ejaculated spermatozoa free of melatonin and incubated them (4 h, 38 °C) with 0-pM, 1-pM, 100-pM, 10-nM and 1-µM melatonin in TALP-HEPES (non-capacitating) and TALP-HEPES-heparin (capacitating). This range of concentrations encompassed the effects mediated by melatonin receptors (pM), intracellular targets (nM–µM) or antioxidant activity (µM). Treatment effects were assessed as motility changes by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) of motility and physiological changes by flow cytometry. Melatonin effects were more evident in capacitating conditions, with 100 pM reducing motility and velocity (VCL) while increasing a “slow” subpopulation. All concentrations decreased apoptotic spermatozoa and stimulated mitochondrial activity in viable spermatozoa, with 100 pM–1 µM increasing acrosomal damage, 10 nM–1 µM increasing intracellular calcium and 1 pM reducing the response to a calcium-ionophore challenge. In non-capacitating media, 1 µM increased hyperactivation-related variables and decreased apoptotic spermatozoa; 100 pM–1 µM increased membrane disorders (related to capacitation); all concentrations decreased mitochondrial ROS production. Melatonin concentrations had a modal effect on bull spermatozoa, suggesting a capacitation-modulating role and protective effect at physiological concentrations (pM). Some effects may be of practical use, considering artificial reproductive techniques

Classification of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease with machine-learning techniques using 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy data

[Abstract] Several magnetic resonance techniques have been proposed as non-invasive imaging biomarkers for the evaluation of disease progression and early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). This work is the first application of the Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 1H-MRS data and machine-learning techniques to the classification of AD. A gender-matched cohort of 260 subjects aged between 57 and 99 years from the Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, of the Fundación CIEN-Fundación Reina Sofía has been used. A single-layer perceptron was found for AD prediction with only two spectroscopic voxel volumes (Tvol and CSFvol) in the left hippocampus, with an AUROC value of 0.866 (with TPR 0.812 and FPR 0.204) in a filter feature selection approach. These results suggest that knowing the composition of white and grey matter and cerebrospinal fluid of the spectroscopic voxel is essential in a 1H-MRS study to improve the accuracy of the quantifications and classifications, particularly in those studies involving elder patients and neurodegenerative diseases.Instituto de Salud Carlos III; PI13/0028

Evaluación y planificación preventiva de la Seguridad Vial en las empresas: Evaluación del riesgo de accidente laboral de tráfico en empresas cuya actividad principal no es el transporte

El presente Trabajo Fin de Master, tiene como objetivo desarrollar un método simplificado de Evaluación del Riesgo de Accidente Laboral de Tráfico, in itinere y/o en misión, que pueda formar parte de la evaluación general de riesgos de las empresas cuya actividad principal no sea, ni el transporte de mercancías ni de personas. El método se ajusta a lo establecido en el artículo 4.2 de la LPRL, es decir valora objetiva y conjuntamente la probabilidad de que se produzca un accidente laboral de tráfico y las consecuencias del mismo considerando tanto las características del puesto de trabajo como del trabajador que lo lleve a cab

Interacciones de la Historia del Arte con otras disciplinas científicas I: Arte y Medicina

El proyecto de innovación docente se ha estructurado como una práctica formativa interdisciplinaria que ha vinculado dos áreas científicas: arte y medicina, y ha potenciado, muy especialmente, el aprendizaje autónomo de los estudiantes. Estos dos enfoques constituyen las principales estrategias metodológicas. Los alumnos que participaron en la experiencia innovadora recopilaron imágenes artísticas directamente relacionadas con enfermedades o con las diferentes prácticas y especialidades de la medicina. Una vez realizada esta tarea, elaboraron fichas de análisis de las obras seleccionadas o trabajos alusivos al tema escogido, siguiendo el modelo proporcionado por el equipo docente. La acción formativa se completó con la realización del Seminario Arte y Medicina , en el que participaron los estudiantes implicados, el equipo docente y varios especialistas de la medicina y las bellas artes, y con la creación de la página web del equipo docente, donde se recogen los mejores trabajos de los estudiant