Evolució de les tendències professionals del titulat en Educació Física i en Ciències de l’Activitat física i de l’Esport des del 1975 fins a l’actualitat

En aquest article exposem com han evolucionat les tendències i sortides professionals dels professionals de l’Educació Física a partir dels estudis dels diferents autors que han intentat d’aportar una visió sobre la qüestió. Des del primer estudi de Mestre (1975), fins a l’actualitat, han sorgit diferents investigacions en aquest camp, que han analitzat el perfil professional en base a les demandes laborals, tot finalitzant en les aportacions de l’European Network of Sport Sciences Institutes (1999). A manera de conclusió i després de l’exposició efectuada, s’han elaborat unes directrius sobre les línies futures que regiran el camp laboral en la nostra professió; en destaquem la inexistència de regulació professional i la transcendència que ha adquirit en els nostres dies la pràctica de l’esport, cosa que aconsella i justifica plenament la necessitat d’una regulació completa i sistemàtica, amb el rang normatiu exigit per l’article 36 de la norma constitucional

Evolución de las tendencias profesionales del titulado en educación física y en ciencias de la actividad física y del deporte desde 1975 hasta la actualidad

En este artículo exponemos como han evolucionado las tendencias y salidas profesionales de los profesionales de la educación física desde los estudios de los diferentes autores que han intentado aportar una visión sobre la cuestión. Desde el primer estudio de Mestre (1975), hasta la actualidad, han surgido diferentes investigaciones en este campo, que han analizado el perfil profesional en base a las demandas laborables, finalizando en las aportaciones del European Network of Sport Sciences Institutes (1999). A modo de conclusión y tras la exposición efectuada, se han elaborado unas directrices acerca de las líneas futuras que regirán el campo laboral en nuestra profesión de las que destacamos la inexistencia de regulación profesional y la trascendencia que ha adquirido en nuestros días la práctica del deporte, que aconsejan y justifican plenamente la necesidad de una regulación completa y sistemática con el rango normativo exigido por el art. 36 de la norma constitucional

Off-odor compounds responsible for quality loss of minimally processed baby spinach stored under MA of low O2 and high CO2 using GC–MS and olfactometry techniques

Strong off-odor development is still one of the major problems associated with quality loss of baby spinach stored in MA with low O2 and high CO2. Freshness has been generally evaluated by sensory techniques that allow the description of aromatic profiles but it does not identify the responsible compound(s). An approach including sensory analysis and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)/Gas Chromatography-Olfactometric (GC-O) techniques were applied to elucidate the complex combination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) responsible for the off-odor perception of intact baby spinach without generation of new volatiles due to tissue manipulation. After 14 days, levels of low O2 and high CO2 (0.3 and 9.3 kPa, respectively) were achieved and off-odors development was detected. After GC–MS/GC-O analysis, there were 39 main compounds with olfactory activity, identified as alcohols associated with lipid peroxidation or LOX pathway; sulfur compounds from amino acid degradation; and alkanes from lipid autoxidation processes or carotenoid degradation. Odor-active compounds were grouped into the six odor categories as described by the sensory panel, with rotten and fishy being the strongest odors perceived after storage. The isolated VOCs grouped in the rotten descriptor were the alcohols 1-pentanol, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol and 1-octen-3-ol, and the sulfur compounds methanethiol and dimethyl disulfide. A compound responsible for fishy notes was dimethyl sulfide but some evidence indicated that amine compounds with low odor thresholds could be also implicated. Since sulfur compounds were perceived by all sniffers and easily detected by mass spectrometry, they may be good candidates as biomarkers of off-odors in baby spinach

Educación inversa, una metodología innovadora ¿Coincide la percepción que tienen los alumnos de ella con la nuestra?

En este trabajo analizamos los pros y contras de la metodología denominada educación inversa (o “flip teaching”), a partir de una experiencia realizada en una asignatura optativa de cuarto curso del Grado de Ingeniería Informática de la Universitat Politècnica de València, durante el curso académico 2013-14. La materia de estudio de esta asignatura es la teoría de grafos y sus aplicaciones. En nuestra opinión la educación inversa ofrece muchas ventajas al conducir a un aprendizaje más significativo. Sin embargo, su aplicación también presenta algunos inconvenientes importantes. Entre ellos, destacamos que el éxito de esta metodología depende en gran medida del seguimiento del alumnado, ya que si el grupo no se adapta a la nueva mecánica de trabajo puede que no se logren los objetivos deseados. Para contrastar esta percepción con la de los alumnos implicados, decidimos hacerles una entrevista. El estudio de los resultados del análisis llevado a cabo confirma, en líneas generales, nuestras opiniones iniciales sobre la metodología

Análisis de la implantación y eficacia de la videoconferencia en el proceso penal español: hacia una modernización de nuestro sistema de justicia penal

Esta tesis trata sobre la necesaria modernización del sistema de justicia penal español, analizando el uso de la videoconferencia como instrumento para la práctica de determinadas diligencias procesales, sin que ello implique una merma de los derechos procesales y las garantías constitucionales de los ciudadanos, con el objetivo de lograr una justicia más eficiente, abaratando costes y siendo más accesible para los ciudadanos, logrando en muchos casos, una mejor protección de la víctimas especialmente vulnerables en su comparecencia ante un Juzgado, como son las víctimas menores de edad o las mujeres víctimas de violencia de género.This thesis treats about the necessary modernization of the Spanish system of penal justice, analyzing the use of the videoconference as instrument for the practice of certain procedural formalities, without it implies a wastage of the procedural laws and the constitutional rights of the citizens, with the aim to achieve a more efficient justice, cheapening costs and being more accessible for the citizens, achieving in many cases, a better protection of specially vulnerable victims in their appearance before a Court, like they are the child victims or the women victims of gender violence

Oregano Essential Oil and Purple Garlic Powder Effects on Intestinal Health, Microbiota Indicators and Antimicrobial Resistance as Feed Additives in Weaning Piglets

Finding alternatives to zinc oxide is a pressing issue for the pig production sector. We studied the impact of the bioactive components degradation of oregano essential oil (OEO) and purple garlic powder (PGP) during storage in silos, their effect on the morphometry of the jejunum and ileum and the cecal microbiota as intestinal health indicators in piglets during the post-weaning period. We also monitored antimicrobial resistance in the commensal indicator E. coli. Histological parameters and intestinal microbiota were measured in 140 piglets weaned at 21 days of age. Seven dietary treatments were used: a negative control group (basal diet), a positive control group with ZnO (3000 mg/kg of food), two groups with OEO at 0.4% and 1.2%, respectively, two groups with PGP 0.4% and 2%, respectively, and a group with OEO with 1.2% combined with PGP with 2%. Each group of piglets received the treatment for seven weeks, from weaning, before samples were taken. Antibiotic resistance profiles were measured in 81 E. coli strains. On this occasion, only the control groups, ZnO, OEO 1.2%, PGP 2% and OEO 1.2% + PGP 2% were used, and the samples were obtained from the cecal content. A progressive loss of the bioactive components of OEO and PGP was observed during the 34 days of storage (p < 0.05). PGP 2%, OEO 1.2% and their combination showed results similar to ZnO (p > 0.05), or superior in the study of intestinal morphometry and the values of E. coli and Lactobacillus. All categories showed high levels of resistance. Only the strains isolated from the OEO 1.2% group did not show resistance to colistin and presented the lowest resistance values. In general, high doses of the additives studied showed the best results, obtaining levels like or higher than those offered by ZnO

Assessment of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Extract as Antioxidant in Jelly Candies Made with Fructan Fibres and Stevia

© 2020. The authors. This document is made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by /4.0/ This document is the published version of a published work that appeared in final form in Antioxidants.Enrichment with rosemary antioxidants is proposed as a possible strategy to obtain healthier jelly candies. Two aqueous rosemary extracts (RE) containing 73.9 (RE74) and 145.6 (RE146)mg polyphenols per g freshweightwere assessed as antioxidants in jelly candies based on fructooligosaccharides, inulin and stevia. Up to 15 phenolic acids, flavonoids and diterpeneswere determined in the extracts,with rosmarinic acid as the main active compound. Sensory tolerance, physical properties, rosmarinic acid recovery, polyphenol content, and antioxidant capacity were determined in jelly candies. The threshold of sensory detection was established at 0.26 g RE146/kg of raw candy, below which rosemary off-flavours were avoided without altering pH, brix, texture, CIELab colour, and consumer acceptance. Adding 0.26 g RE146 per kg increased (p < 0.001) polyphenol content from197 to 411 g GAE/g and the antioxidant capacity from 1.77 to 4.14 mol Trolox/g. Rosemary polyphenols resulted in being resistant to cooking, acted as secondary antioxidants and showed good interaction with the other jelly ingredients. Aqueous extracts from rosemary distillation by-products can be incorporated at acceptable levels to jelly candy formulations leading to higher oxidative stability and an increased content of dietary polyphenols

Revalorisation of Sage (Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl) By-Product Extracts as a Source of Polyphenol Antioxidants for Novel Jelly Candies

© 2023. The authors. This document is made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by /4.0/ This document is the published version of a published work that appeared in final form in Antioxidants.Sage (Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl) aqueous extracts (SE) obtained from distillation by-products were assessed as antioxidants for nutritionally enhanced jelly candies. Two experimental SEs with a different content of phenolic acids and flavonoids were tested: (i) SE38 (37.6 mg/g) and (ii) SE70 (69.8 mg/g), with salvianic and rosmarinic acids as main polyphenols, respectively. Flavour alteration, stability of sage polyphenols, physical quality traits and antioxidant capacity (AC) were studied in strawberry candies formulated without sugars and enriched with SEs at 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 g/kg. Despite their different quantitative composition, SE38 and SE70 provided similar antioxidant properties, which were dose dependent. Salvianic and rosmarinic acids were stable without degrading to candy processing (up to 80 °C), keeping their antioxidant potential. There were no relevant differences in flavour or physical traits (pH, °Brix and CIELab colour) between untreated and SE-enriched strawberry candies. The addition of 0.75 g SE/kg resulted in relevant increases of candy AC: (i) from 30 to 38 mg GAE/100 g (total phenolics); (ii) from 10 to 17 mg TE/100 g (DPPH• radical scavenging assay); (iii) from 5 to 13 mg TE/100 g (ABTS·+ radical scavenging assay); (iv) from 84 to 163 µmol Fe2+/100 g (FRAP capacity) and (v) from to 75 to 83% (inhibition of deoxyribose damage). Sage distillation by-products can be revalorised as a source of natural antioxidants to produce healthier candies

Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis Commensal Isolates from Laying Hen Farms in Spain

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat for human and animal health. Few studies have been carried out in laying hens. We evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility of commensal Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis isolates in Spanish laying hens in 2018. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was used to identify any AMR of the studied isolates by means of a broth microdilution method. C. jejuni was highly resistant to the B category antimicrobials, and 52% of the isolates were susceptible to all the antimicrobials tested. E. coli showed medium and high percentages of resistance to the B and A antibiotic categories, respectively, and 33.33% of the isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials. The E. faecalis resistance to A category antimicrobials was variable, and 4.62% of the isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials. In our work, novel data on AMR in laying hen commensal isolates in Spain is provided, and the AMR levels differ from those reported for poultry in the EU. A high resistance to key drugs for human medicine was found, representing a public health risk

An evaluation of surgical functional reconstruction of the foot using kinetic and kinematic systems: a case report

Most pedobarographic studies of microsurgical foot reconstruction have been retrospective. In the present study, we report the results from a prospective pedobarographic study of a patient after microsurgical reconstruction of her foot with a latissimus dorsi flap and a cutaneous paddle, with a 42-month follow-up period. We describe the foot reconstruction plan and the pedobarographic measurements and analyzed its functional outcome. The goal of the present study was to demonstrate that pedobarography could have a role in the treatment of foot reconstruction from a quantitative perspective. The pedobarographic measurements were recorded after the initial coverage surgery and 2 subsequent foot remodeling procedures. A total of 4 pedobarographic measurements and 2 gait analyses were recorded and compared for both the noninvolved foot and the injured foot. Furthermore, the progress of the reconstructed foot was critically evaluated using this method. Both static and dynamic patterns were compared at subsequent follow-up visits after the foot reconstruction. The values and progression of the foot shape, peak foot pressure (kPa), average foot pressure (kPa), total contact surface (cm2), loading time (%), and step time (ms) were recorded. Initially, the pressure distribution of the reconstructed foot showed higher peak values at nonanatomic locations, revealing a greater ulceration risk. Over time, we found an improvement in the shape and values of these factors in the involved foot. To homogenize the pressure distribution and correct the imbalance between the 2 feet, patient-specific insoles were designed and fabricated. In our patient, pedobarography provided an objective, repeatable, and recordable method for the evaluation of the reconstructed foot. Pedobarography can therefore provide valuable insights into the prevention of pressure ulcers and optimization of rehabilitation