Perfil clínico e epidemiológico dos casos de Leishmaniose Visceral Canina atendidos em um Hospital Veterinário em Uberaba no período de 2015 a 2020

A leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) é uma doença de grande relevância no Brasil pois é uma zoonose em expansão, tendo o cão importância na dispersão da doença. O quadro clínico é variável e dependente da resposta imune do cão e da cepa do parasita inoculado pela picada do flebotomíneo vetor. Uberaba atualmente ainda é classificada como município silencioso não receptivo vulnerável, ou seja, sem confirmação de casos autóctones humanos e caninos e sem a presença conhecida do vetor. Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever o perfil clínico e epidemiológico dos casos de LVC atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Uniube (HVU) no período de 2015 a 2020, por meio de levantamento de prontuários médicos. Realizou-se a busca no Sistema de Gestão Veterinária® do HVU pelas fichas clínicas cuja suspeita diagnóstica era LVC, sendo os dados analisados: método diagnóstico, raça. sexo, idade, manifestações clínicas, alterações laboratoriais e procedência. Os dados foram submetidos a análise descritiva. Foram encontrados 204 animais com suspeita de LVC, sendo 25 casos confirmados. Os métodos empregados para o diagnóstico foram principalmente sorológicos, sendo eles a reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) (22/25), ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) (15/25) e teste rápido imunocromatográfico (1/25). Em 4 animais positivos foram realizados PCR Ressalta-se que alguns animais foram submetidos a mais de um tipo de teste. A maior prevalência de casos positivos foi de animais sem raça definida 40% (10/25), seguido pela raça poodle 20% (5/25) e pastor alemão 12% (3/25). Foi observado que dos 25 animais positivos 14 eram machos (56%) e 11 fêmeas (44%). Quanto à faixa etária, a mais acometida foi de 1 a 5 anos (15/25), seguido por animais com idade superior a 5 anos (8/25). Os sinais clínicos mais frequentes foram lesões cutâneas (48%) (12/25), anorexia (24%) (6/25) e linfoadenomegalia (24%) (6/25). As principais alterações laboratoriais foram anemia normocítica normocrômica em 40% (10/25) dos casos, hiperproteinemia em 36% (9/25), trombocitopenia em 28% (7/25), hiperglobulinemia em 24% (6/25), aumento de enzimas hepáticas AST e ALT em 16 % (4/25) e proteinúria em 20 % (5/25). No que diz respeito a procedência dos animais positivos, 10 cães tinham como procedência Uberaba, entretanto não foi possível certificar-se de que não haviam deixado o município em algum momento. Após a análise desses dados é possível concluir que o perfil dos cães atendidos no HVU positivos para LVC, é composto por machos e fêmeas, principalmente com idade entre 1 a 5 anos, sem raça definida, apresentando alterações cutâneas, anorexia, linfoadenomegalia, anemia normocítica normocrômica e trombocitopenia como achados mais frequentes. Esses resultados corroboram com a maioria dos trabalhos utilizados como base para o desenvolvimento deste estudo exceto pela presença de potenciais casos autóctones, entretanto o estudo foi realizado pelo levantamento de prontuários, portanto não foi possível confirmar que os animais nunca estiveram fora de Uberaba, isso evidencia a necessidade de realizar um estudo prospectivo para confirmar a ocorrência de casos autóctones, perante a constatação de 25 casos positivos em área não endêmica para a doença

SARS-CoV-2, o desafio pandémico do século XXI: Uma Revisão de Literatura

A virus well-known to researchers in the animal kingdom was responsible for one of the most significant events of the 21st century: the pandemic of the novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. This virus swiftly spread across the globe, plunging the entire planet into severe health challenges, causing thousands of deaths, and wreaking havoc on the global economy. This review will unfold as a comprehensive analysis of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on contemporary society. With the aim of understanding the magnitude and nuances of this global crisis, it will address a variety of topics related to the virus's spread, its socio-economic ramifications, and its impact on education and learning. The narrative begins by contextualizing the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019, highlighting its rapid global dissemination and the challenges faced by healthcare systems. By examining the unique characteristics of the virus, the review delves into the social, economic, and cultural implications of the pandemic, providing a comprehensive view of its effects on communities and individuals. In conclusion, the article not only provides an overview of events thus far but also highlights areas for future research and potential strategies to address ongoing challenges. In summary, this literature review aims to contribute to a holistic understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic, addressing its multifaceted dimensions and enduring impact on the 21st century.Um vírus bastante conhecido pelos pesquisadores no mundo animal, estava sendo o responsável por um dos acontecimentos mais significativos do século XXI, a Pandemia do novo Coronavírus SARS-CoV-2, que rapidamente se espalhou pelo globo terrestre colocando todo o planeta em graves dificuldades na área da saúde, provocando milhares de mortes e com efeitos devastadores na economia global. Esta revisão, decorrerá sobre uma análise abrangente dos impactos da pandemia de COVID-19 na sociedade contemporânea. Com o objetivo de compreender a magnitude e as nuances dessa crise global abordando uma variedade de tópicos relacionados à propagação do vírus, suas ramificações socioeconômicas e o impacto nas áreas de ensino e aprendizado. A narrativa começa contextualizando o surgimento do SARS-CoV-2 no final de 2019, destacando sua rápida disseminação global e os desafios enfrentados pelos sistemas de saúde. Ao examinar as características únicas do vírus, a revisão mergulha nas implicações sociais, econômicas e culturais da pandemia, oferecendo uma visão abrangente dos efeitos nas comunidades e nos indivíduos. Ao concluir, o artigo não apenas apresenta um panorama dos eventos até o momento, mas também aponta para áreas de pesquisa futura e estratégias potenciais para enfrentar desafios contínuos. Em suma, esta revisão de literatura busca contribuir para a compreensão holística da pandemia de COVID-19, abordando suas dimensões multifacetadas e seu impacto duradouro no século XXI

True Infection by Capillaria hepatica in a Dog

Background: Capillaria hepatica is a nematode, zoonotic, with worldwide distribution. The main hosts are rodents, nevertheless other mammals can be affected. Although the parasite has high affinity for the liver, it rarely causes a hepatic disease in domestic animals and humans. The diagnosis is difficult and usually a biopsy is required. The treatment is difficult and is based in anti-helminthic and corticoid, but prevention is the best strategy against the disease. The aim of the present report is to describe a case of hepatic capillariosis in a dog approaching the clinical signs, diagnosis and therapeutic. Case: A 12-year-old Brazilian Terrier bitch, with a history of visit to the farm and regular hunting of rats, frogs, birds and other wild animals, was attended with hyporexia and apathy. At the physical exam the dog presented elevation of rectal temperature, intense jaundice and abdominal pain. In the biochemical exams was noticed a slight increase in globulins and a sharp increase in alkaline phosphatase (AP), total, direct and indirect bilirubin, suggesting a liver injury. In the ultrasonographic exam, hepatomegaly with dispersed hyperechoic areas were observed, suggesting hepatic steatosis. The patient was treated with ursodesoxicolic acid and S-adenosil metionin for 30 consecutive days, showing a clinic improvement. Two months after the end of the treatment the animal worsened, showing jaundice, ascites, motor incoordination, weakness, difficulty in food and water ingestion and changes in the mental state. In the complete blood count was observed a macrocytic hypochromic regenerative anemia, leukocytosis with neutrophilia and monocytosis and thrombocytopenia. In biochemical exams was detected decrease in creatinine and albumin and increase in alanine aminotransferase and AP, suggesting hepatopathy by biliary obstruction. There were performed exams for leishmania and ehrlichiosis that tested negative. In the ultrasonographic exam it was noticed that the liver had the same alterations and the presence of free fluid in the abdominal cavity. Due to the deterioration of the clinical picture a blood transfusion was necessary, however the patient worsened and presented respiratory difficulty for a bilateral pleural effusion. Then, the fluid was drained and a treatment with S-adenosil metionin, silymarin, ursodesoxicolic acid, doxycycline and prednisolone was started. After 17 days, a hepatic biopsy was performed, but the patient died at the surgery desk. Samples from the liver were collected for histopathologic exam. The diagnosis was confirmed in hepatic capillariosis and periportal chronic hepatitis, with the visualization of numerous parasites structures with bioperculated barrel shape. Discussion: Due to the nonspecific clinical alterations observed in the patient and the low prevalence of C. hepatica in domestic animals, there was a difficulty in the diagnosis which lead to a symptomatic, nonspecific and inefficient treatment that culminate with the death of the patient. The histopathologic exam of the liver is the best manner to find the correct diagnosis of C. hepatica infection, once the parasites eggs remains in the liver parenchyma wrapped by fibrosis and aren´t eliminate in the feces. The eggs elimination in the environment just occur after the death of the animal. Although there didn't exist a consensus about hepatic capillariosis treatment yet, if the diagnosis were done earlier, a specific treatment with better chances of a good result could be performed. We concluded that hepatic capillariosis should be included in differential diagnosis for patients with hepatic syndrome, mainly if the animal had a hunting habit and if it had access to surroundings with high rats’ infestation

Influence of endogamy and mitochondrial DNA on immunological parameters in cattle

Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2015-02-23T15:34:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_095.pdf: 394714 bytes, checksum: 1e6267f1b3ca1696d3d4dd860e6f057f (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2015-02-23T15:34:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_095.pdf: 394714 bytes, checksum: 1e6267f1b3ca1696d3d4dd860e6f057f (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2015-02-23T15:40:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_095.pdf: 394714 bytes, checksum: 1e6267f1b3ca1696d3d4dd860e6f057f (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-23T15:40:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_095.pdf: 394714 bytes, checksum: 1e6267f1b3ca1696d3d4dd860e6f057f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.Universidade de Uberaba. Uberaba, MG, Brazil/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniversidade de Uberaba. Uberaba, MG, Brazil.Universidade de Uberaba. Uberaba, MG, Brazil.Universidade de Uberaba. Uberaba, MG, Brazil.Universidade de Uberaba. Uberaba, MG, Brazil.Universidade de Uberaba. Uberaba, MG, Brazil/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilBackground: Endogamy increases the risk of manifestation of deleterious recessive genes. Mitochondrial DNA allows the separation of American Zebu (Bos indicus and Bos taurus) and evaluate the effect of mitochondrial DNA on productive traits of cattle. However, the effect of endogamy and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) on the immune system remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between endogamy, mtDNA and immune parameters. Results: A total of 86 cattle (43 cows and 43 calves) were used in this study. Age, endogamy, milk yield, and origin of mtDNA were measured and their influence on immunological parameters was evaluated. Older cows had increased CD4+ T cells, decreased CD21+ and γδhigh T cells as well as increased CD4+/CD8+ and T/B ratio. Multiple regression analysis indicated that endogamy in calves was associated with increased CD8+ T and CD21+ B lymphocytes, and decreased γδhigh T cells in peripheral blood. Cows with medium and lower endogamy had a lower percentage of B lymphocytes and γδlow T cells and cows with lower endogamy had higher levels of γδ T cells and γδhigh T cells, as well as the CD4+/CD48+ cell ratio. Calves with higher endogamy had higher levels of CD8+ T lymphocytes, whereas calves with lower endogamy had lower levels of γδlow T cells. Conclusions: These results demonstrated for the first time that endogamy influences the immune system of cattle

Evaluation of parameters related to libido and semen quality in Zebu bulls naturally infected with Trypanosoma vivax

Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2016-04-05T19:06:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Evaluation of parameters related to libido and semen quality in Zebu bulls naturally infected with Trypanosoma vivax..pdf: 5549888 bytes, checksum: ab5a27a8a659b4794ccffdbcda1933d7 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2016-04-05T19:11:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Evaluation of parameters related to libido and semen quality in Zebu bulls naturally infected with Trypanosoma vivax..pdf: 5549888 bytes, checksum: ab5a27a8a659b4794ccffdbcda1933d7 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-05T19:11:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Evaluation of parameters related to libido and semen quality in Zebu bulls naturally infected with Trypanosoma vivax..pdf: 5549888 bytes, checksum: ab5a27a8a659b4794ccffdbcda1933d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Universidade de Uberaba. Mestrado Acadêmico em Sanidade e Produçao Animal nos Trópicos. Uberaba, MG, BrasilUniversidade de Uberaba. Mestrado Acadêmico em Sanidade e Produçao Animal nos Trópicos. Uberaba, MG, BrasilUniversidade de Uberaba. Mestrado Acadêmico em Sanidade e Produçao Animal nos Trópicos. Uberaba, MG, BrasilUniversidade de Uberaba. Mestrado Acadêmico em Sanidade e Produçao Animal nos Trópicos. Uberaba, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilUniversidade de Uberaba. Mestrado Acadêmico em Sanidade e Produçao Animal nos Trópicos. Uberaba, MG, BrasilUniversidade de Uberaba. Mestrado Acadêmico em Sanidade e Produçao Animal nos Trópicos. Uberaba, MG, Brasil/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilUniversidade de Uberaba. Mestrado Acadêmico em Sanidade e Produçao Animal nos Trópicos. Uberaba, MG, BrasilUniversidade de Uberaba. Mestrado Acadêmico em Sanidade e Produçao Animal nos Trópicos. Uberaba, MG, Brasil/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilUniversidade de Uberaba. Mestrado Acadêmico em Sanidade e Produçao Animal nos Trópicos. Uberaba, MG, BrasilBACKGROUND: Trypanosomiasis is a disease caused by Trypanosoma (Dutonella) vivax, a hemoprotozoa that can affect bovines. In South America, the sanguineous form is mechanically transmitted from one mammalian host (ruminant) to another by the bite of a blood-sucking insect or by needles contaminated with infected blood. The negative impact of the parasitosis caused by T. vivax infection on the reproductive activity of male and female ruminants is known to reduce fertility. In males, alterations such as degeneration, diffuse or interlobular inflammatory infiltrate found in ovine and bovine testicles, can affect fertility through decreased sperm quality. This study evaluated the impact of natural infection with T. vivax on Zebu bulls from the Central Station of Artificial Insemination (CSAI) with regard to libido and the negative effects caused by this protozoan on semen quality. METHODS: Blood samples of 44 animals were collected to evaluate the presence of the trypomastigote form of T. vivax in blood smears obtained from hematocrit and buffy coat, and antibody titer IgG anti T. vivax in indirect Immunoflorescence (IFI). Furthermore, data related to libido, ejaculate volume, spermatic concentration, and seminal vigor were recorded for these animals employing the criteria of the CSAI. RESULTS: Nine animals (20.45 %) showed T. vivax trypomastigotes and parasitemia between 0.02 and 0.07, and antibody titers from 1:80 to 1:320 in IFI. Twenty nine negative animals in parasitological tests were not reactive in IFI, and six animals presented the antibodies IgG anti T. vivax in IFI. Data on reproductive activity showed that animals infected with T. vivax have a decreased libido and an increased spermatic volume, whereas other factors related to the reproductive process such as spermatic concentration, motility and spermatic force, were unchanged in infected bulls. CONCLUSIONS: The T. vivax infection in Zebu bulls from CSAI caused patent parasitemia, induced a febrile state, promoted reduction in the libido and increased the ejaculate volume. These conditions together may account to decrease the performance of these animal