Acumulación de forraje de pasto buffel e híbridos de Urochloa a diferente edad de rebrote

Se evaluaron diferentes cultivares de Urochloa (Insurgente, Cayman, Cobra y Mulato II) y pasto Buffel H-17 (como testigo) a diferente edad de rebrote (ER), durante la época de máxima (EMAP) y mínima precipitación (EMIP). Las variables evaluadas fueron materia seca total (MST), hoja (MSh) y tallo (MSt) y área foliar específica (AFE). Durante la EMAP, Cayman y Mulato II presentaron la mayor MST (9 t MS ha-1); mientras que en EMIP el testigo registró el menor valor (1.04 vs. 0.79 t MS ha-1). Durante EMAP Mulato II presentó mayor MSh (8.40 t MS ha-1). La MSt se incrementó conforme aumentó la ER. Cayman y Mulato II registraron los valores más altos de AFE (199 cm2 g-1). Independientemente de la época, la MST, MSh y MSt se incrementaron conforme se aumentó la ER. Cayman y Mulato II son los cultivares más promisorios por su alta acumulación de forraje, MSh y AFE

Productive performance of grasslands with different combinations of orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

En la zona central de México existen sistemas de producción animal que tienen como componente importante el uso de praderas puras y asociadas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar cuatro asociaciones, dos gramíneas y una leguminosa, sembradas en diferentes proporciones. Los tratamientos consistieron de las siguientes asociaciones: 20-40-40, 00-50-50, 40-20-40, y 50-00-50 % de ovillo (Ov), ballico perenne (Ba) y trébol blanco (Tr), respectivamente. Los tratamientos se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en 12 parcelas experimentales de 9 por 8 m, de acuerdo con un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con tres repeticiones. Se evaluó rendimiento de materia seca, tasa de crecimiento, composición botánica y morfológica y altura de la planta. En rendimiento anual las asociaciones que presentaron mayor rendimiento fueron; 40-20-40 y 20-40-40 con 20,182 y 19,146 kg MS ha-1, respectivamente y la menor, la asociación 00-50-50 con 15,896 kg MS ha-1. La asociación; 40-20-40 es la que mayor tasa de crecimiento anual presentó con 56 kg MS ha-1 d-1. Independientemente de la estación, en composición botánica y morfológica las asociaciones; 20-40-40, 40-20-40 y 50-00-50 fue la que mayor hoja de ovillo presentó con un promedio de 50%. La estación de invierno fueron las que mayor porcentaje de hoja de ballico presentó para la asociación 00-50-50 con 32%. Independientemente de la asociación, en la estación de primavera fue donde se obtuvo mayor altura con un promedio de 37 cm y la menor fue en invierno con un promedio de 15 cm. En conclusión, la asociación; 40-20-40 fue mejor en rendimiento anual, tasa de crecimiento y altura y la menor fue la asociación 00-50-50.In central Mexico there animal production systems whose major component using pure and associated grasslands. The objective of this research was to evaluate four associations, two grasses and legume planted in different proportions. Treatments consisted of the following associations: 20-40-40, 00-50-50, 40-20-40, and 50-00-50% of orchard grass (Ov), perennial ryegrass (Ba) and white clover (Tr) respectively. The treatments were randomly distributed in 12 experimental plots of 9 and 8 m, according to a design of a randomized complete block with three replications. Dry matter yield, growth rate, botanical and morphological composition and plant height were evaluated. In the association's annual yield higher performance were presented; 40-20-40 and 20-40-40 with 20.182 and 19.146 kg DM ha-1 respectively and the lowest 00-50-50 association with 15.896 kg DM ha-1. The Association; 40-20-40 is the highest annual growth rate presented with 56 kg DM ha-1 d-1. Regardless of the season, botanical and morphological composition associations; 20-40-40, 40-20-40 and 50-00-50 which was higher clew sheet presented with an average of 50 %, the winter season were the highest percentage of ryegrass sheet presented to the association 00-50-50 to 32%. Regardless of the association in the spring season it was where greater height was obtained with an average of 37 cm and the lowest was in winter with an average of 15 cm. In conclusion the association; 40-20-40 was better in annual yield growth rate and lower height and the association was 00-50-50.Fil: Rojas García, Adelaido Rafael.Fil: Hernández Garay, Alfonso. Colegio de Postgraduados. Campus Montecillo (México)Fil: Ayala, Walter.Fil: Mendoza Pedroza, Sergio Iban. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo (México)Fil: Cancino, Santiago Joaquín. Colegio de Postgraduados. Campus Montecillo (México)Fil: Vaquera Huerata, Humberto. Colegio de Postgraduados. Campus Montecillo (México)Fil: Ortega, Mario Alberto Santiago. Colegio de Postgraduados. Campus Montecillo (México

Population dynamics of orchard grass stalks (Dactylis glomerata L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) associated with white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar cuatro asociaciones de dos gramíneas y una leguminosa, en diferentes porcentajes. La siembra se realizó en febrero de 2010, en el Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, México; tomando como base las densidades de 20, 30 y 5 kg ha-1 para pasto ovillo (Ov), ballico perene (Ba) y trébol blanco (Tr), respectivamente. Los tratamientos consistieron de las siguientes asociaciones: 20-40-40, 00-50-50, 40-20-40, 50-00-50% de Ov, Ba y Tr. Los cuatro tratamientos se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en 12 parcelas experimentales de 9 por 8 m de acuerdo con un diseño de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones. La asociación 50-00-50 de Ov-Ba-Tr es la que presenta mayor densidad de tallos de pasto ovillo con un promedio de 4.250 tallos m-2, y el menor la asociación 20-40-40 de Ov-Ba-Tr con un promedio de 3.400 tallos m-2 (p = 0,05). La asociación 20-40-40 de Ov-Ba-Tr presentó mayor peso por tallo de pasto ovillo en ambos años con un promedio de 0,3 g tallo-1, y menor peso la asociación 50-00-50 con 0,23 g tallo-1. En conclusión se recomienda utilizar la asociación 20-40-40 de Ov-Ba-Tr ya que obtuvo el mayor peso por tallo en ambas gramíneas y la menor dinámica de población de tallos, por lo tanto, existió una compensación tamaño/ densidad, lo cual se reflejó en el mayor rendimiento de forraje; con una frecuencia de 4 semanas en primavera-verano y cada 5 y 6 semanas en otoño e invierno.The objective of this research was to evaluate four associations of two grass and a legumein different percentages. Sowing was done in February 2010, in the Graduate College, Campus Montecillo, Mexico; based on the densities of 20, 30 and 5 kg ha-1 for orchard grass (Ov), perennial ryegrass (Ba) and white clover (Tr), respectively. Treatments consisted of the following associations: 20-40-40, 00-50-50, 40-20-40, 50-00-50% Ov, Ba and Tr. The four treatments were randomly distributed in 12 experimental plots of 9 by 8 m according to a design of a randomized complete block with three replications. The association 50-00-50 of Ov-Ba-Tr is the one with greater density orchard grass stalks with an average of 4,250 m2 stems, and lower the association 20-40-40 of Ov-Ba-Tr with an average of 3,400 m2 stems (p = 0.05). The association 20-40-40 of Ov-Ba-Tr showed greater weight orchard grass stem in both years with an average of 0.3 g stem-1 and lower weight partnership 50-00-50 with 0.23 g stem-1. In conclusion it is recommended to use the association 20-40-40 of Ov-Ba-Tr since I obtained the highest weight per stem in both grasses and the smallest population dynamics of stems, therefore, there was compensation size/density, which was reflected in the increased forage yield; with a frequency of 4 weeks in spring-summer and every 5 to 6 weeks in autumn and winter.Fil: Rojas García, Adelaido Rafael.Fil: Hernández Garay, Alfonso. Colegio de Postgraduados. Campus Montecillo (México)Fil: Rivas Jacobo, Marco Antonio. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Mendoza Pedroza, Sergio Iban. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo (México)Fil: Maldonado Peralta, María de los Ángeles. Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero (México)Fil: Cancino, Santiago Joaquín. Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas (México). División de Estudios de Posgrado, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Agronomía y Ciencias

Producción de semilla de pasto guinea (Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombaza); densidad de siembra y su efecto en el rendimiento y calidad

Objective: the objective was evaluating the effect of plant spacing on seed yield and quality in Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombaza. Design/methodology/approach: the experiment was carried out in rain fed conditions in 2009, at the Universidad del Papaloapan, Campus Loma Bonita, Oaxaca, Mexico. Six plant distances (T1:broadcast, T2:2525 cm, T3:5050 cm, T4:7575 cm, T5:100100 cm and T6:125125 cm between rows and plants, respectively) were assessed. Treatments were distributed in a completely randomized block design, with four replicates. Total seed yield (TSY), pure seed yield (PSY), percentage of pure seed (PPS), stems plant1, stems m2, panicles plant1, panicles m2, and plants m2 were evaluated. Results: TSY and PSY showed differences among treatments (P0.01), and the highest values (216.9 and 161.2 kg ha1, respectively) were obtained at the 2525 cm spacing, with a PPS of 74.7%. Stems plant1, panicles plant1, stems m2, panicles m2, and plants m2 showed differences among treatments (P0.01). Panicles m2 was the yield component which showed a greater association with PSY with r value of 0.7. Findings/conclusions: as a conclusion, it can be stated that the largest seed yield of M. maximus cv. Mombaza was obtained at the 2525 cm spacing between rows and plants, respectively

Producción de semilla de pasto guinea (Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombaza); densidad de siembra y su efecto en el rendimiento y calidad

Objective: the objective was evaluating the effect of plant spacing on seed yield andquality in Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombaza.Design/methodology/approach: the experiment was carried out in rain fedconditions in 2009, at the Universidad del Papaloapan, Campus Loma Bonita,Oaxaca, Mexico. Six plant distances (T1:broadcast, T2:25*25 cm, T3:50*50 cm,T4:75*75 cm, T5:100*100 cm and T6:125*125 cm between rows and plants,respectively) were assessed. Treatments were distributed in a completelyrandomized block design, with four replicates. Total seed yield (TSY), pure seed yield(PSY), percentage of pure seed (PPS), stems plant -1 , stems m -2 , panicles plant -1 ,panicles m -2 , and plants m -2 were evaluated. TSY and PSY showed differences amongtreatments (P<0.01), and the highest values (126.9 and 161.2 kg ha -1 , respectively)were obtained at the 25*25 cm spacing, with a PPS of 74.7%.Results: stems plant -1 , panicles plant -1 , stems m -2 , panicles m -2 , and plants m -2 showeddifferences among treatments (P<0.01). Panicles m -2 was the yield component whichshowed a greater association with PSY with r value of 0.7.Findings/conclusions: as a conclusion, it can be stated that the largest seed yieldof M. maximus cv. Mombaza was obtained at the 25*25 cm spacing between rowsand plants, respectively.Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la distancia entre plantas en el rendimiento y calidad de semilla de Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombaza.Diseño/metodología/aproximación: el experimento se realizó bajo condiciones de temporal, durante el 2009, en la Universidad del Papaloapan Campus Loma Bonita, Oaxaca, México. Se evaluaron seis distancias entre plantas [T1:voleo (control), T2:25*25, T3:50*50, T4:75*75, T5:100*100 y T6:125*125 cm entre líneas y plantas, respectivamente], con un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con cuatro repeticiones. Se midió rendimiento de semilla total RST), rendimiento de semilla pura (RSP), porcentaje de semilla pura (PSP), tallos planta -1 , panículas planta -1 , tallos m -2 , panículasm -2 y plantas m -2 .Resultados: se encontró diferencia estadística entre tratamientos para el RST y RSP (P<0.01), donde los valores más altos (126.9 y 161.2 kg ha -1 , respectivamente) se obtuvieron con la distancia 25*25 cm, con un PSP de 74.7%. Los tallos planta -1 , panículas planta -1 , tallos m -2 , panículas m -2 y plantas m -2 , presentaron diferencia estadística entre tratamientos (P<0.01) Se encontró que panículas m -2 fue elcomponente con mayor grado de asociación con el RSP, con un valor de 0.7.Hallazgos/conclusiones: el mayor rendimiento de semilla de M. maximus cv.Mombaza, se logró con la distancia 25 x 25 cm entre líneas y plantas, respectivamente

Forage yield of Urochloa brizantha [(Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) R.D.] cv. Insurgente at different cutting heights

Objective: Evaluate the forage yield of Urochloa brizantha cv. Insurgente at different cutting heights. Design/methodology/approach: the experiment was carried out at the Universidad del Papaloapan, Loma Bonita, Oaxaca, Mexico. Four cutting heights were evaluated (5, 10, 15, and 20 cm) during the rainy, norther, and dry seasons. The experiment followed a randomized block design with four replicates. We evaluated plant height (PH), green matter yield (GMY), dry matter yield (DMY), growth rate (GR), and morphological components, such as leaf yield (LY), sheath yield (SY), and stem yield (StY).Results: the cutting height and season interaction was significant for all the evaluated variables (P0.01). The highest PH (42 cm) was obtained with a cutting height of 20 cm during the rainy season. The highest GMY and DMY (2,484 and 606 kg ha1, respectively) were obtained with cutting heights of 15 cm during the rainy season. These values were similar (P>0.05) to those obtained at 20 cm (2,410 and 582 kg ha1, respectively). The highest LY, SY, and StY values were obtained with cutting heights of 15 and 20 cm during the rainy season. The highest GR (31 kg MS ha1 day1) was observed during the rainy season, regardless of cutting height.Findings/conclusions: for each of the evaluated seasons, cutting heights of 15 and 20 cm resulted in the highest forage yields of U. brizantha cv. Insurgente

Thermal sum in the determination of the phenological stages of Chihuahua and Cuauhtémoc oats in Güémez Tamaulipas

Objective: To determine the thermal sum requirements of Avena sativa (Cuauhtémoc and Chihuahua varieties) as Growing Degree Days (GDD) per phenological stage and their effect on the accumulation of total forage and the accumulation of each morphological component, in Güémez, Tamaulipas.Design/Methodology/Approach: The mechanical sowing (120 kg ha1 seed dose) was carried out in 66 m plots with four replications of Cuauhtémoc and Chihuahua varieties. Subsequently, the plot was irrigated and fertilization works were carried out. The treatments consisted of two varieties and six phenological stages (Zadok’s scale: Z2, Z3, Z4, Z7, Z8, Z9) in a randomized complete block design.Results: It was found that 1,923.5 and 1,831.5 GDD were obtained from November to March, respectively; these results are a crop requirement for the fulfillment of the biological cycle of the Chihuahua and Cuauhtémoc varieties. Yields by morphological component depended on the observed phenological stage. The highest leaf yield (P0.05) was obtained in stage Z3 (stem elongation): 2.7 t ha1 in Cuauhtémoc (accumulation: 1,032 GDD) and 3.6 t ha1 in Chihuahua (accumulation: 980 GDD).Study Limitations/Implications: These results can only be applied to the evaluation area, as a result of the intervention of the environment on these physiological responses.Findings/Conclusions: In Güémez, Tamaulipas, the Chihuahua oat variety requires 1,923.5 GDD to complete its biological cycle, while Cuauhtémoc requires 1,831.5 GDD. The difference between the thermal accumulation of the varieties and the phenological stages has an impact on the total forage yield and the yield of each morphological component

Forage yield of Urochloa grasscv Camello I and II at different cutting frequencies and intensities

Objective: To evaluate the productive performance of forage from hybrid grasses of the genus Urochloa at different cutting intervals and intensities.Design/Methodology/Approach: The cultivars Camello I (GPB025) and Camello II (GPB07) were evaluated at different intervals (5 and 7 weeks) and cutting intensities (10 and 20 cm). The research was carried out under seasonal conditions, from 2020 to 2021. The experimental design was a randomized complete block. The following variables were evaluated: yield of total dry matter (TDM), leaf (DMl), stem (DMs), inf lorescence (DMin), and senescent matter (DMsm); as well as plant height, basal cover, specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf area index (LAI). DMI, DMs, DMin, and DMsm are the morphological components of the TDM.Results: On average, harvesting the forage at a 7-week interval and with a 20-cm intensity results in higher TDM, DMl, and DMs (66, 46, and 85%, respectively) than those obtained when harvesting is carried out at a 5-week interval and with a 20-cm intensity.Study Limitations/Implications: Agronomic management of grasses is a factor that affects forage yield and sward persistence. Cutting grasses at different intervals and intensities generates adequate management strategies aimed to increase yields and sward persistence.Findings/Conclusions: The highest yield of total dry matter in both cultivars —according to their morphological component, plant height, and leaf area index— was obtained when the residual forage was harvested at a 7-week interval and a 20-cm height

Yield and nutritional value of Moringa oleifera Lam, forage at different population densities

Objective: To assess the aerial biomass yield and nutritional value of Moringa oleifera at densities of 50,000 (D1), 100,000 (D2), and 200,000 (D3) plants ha1.Design/methodology/approach: The experiment was established under a randomized complete block design, with a split-plot arrangement and three replications. From 155 days after sowing, 5 cuts were made every 28 days. The following variables were assessed: total dry matter (TDM) and leaf dry matter (LMD) yield (kg ha1) and crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content (g kg1).Results: An interaction between densities and cuts was observed. Regarding TDM yield, D1 surpassed D2 and D3, by 71 and 83%, respectively, in cuts 1 and 2; however, D3 showed the highest TDM yield (P0.05) in cuts 3 and 4, surpassing D2 by 47% and D1 and D2 by 46 and 76%, respectively. The highest SDM yield occurred in D1, in cuts 1 and 2 (561 and 852 kg ha1, respectively); while D3 obtained the highest values in cuts 3 and 4 (901 and 1054 kg ha1, respectively). An 11% CP content reduction (P0.05) was observed by the density increased from D1 to D2 (222 vs. 198 g kg1). In regard to NDF and ADF values, no differences (P0.05) were found between the densities assessed.Limitations/Implications: Planting density in Moringa oleifera determines the forage yield potential and nutritional value.Findings/Conclusions: Moringa oleifera grown in semi-arid conditions at a density of 50,000 ha1 plants and with 28-day cutting intervals showed the best productive behavior (yield and protein concentration)

Rendimiento y digestibilidad de forraje de cultivares de Urochloa spp. a tres edades de rebrote en épocas de lluvias y seca

The humid tropics of Ecuador is a potential livestock production area. Urochloa spp. cultivars are a forage option in this region. Environmental and management conditions determine forage yield and nutritional value and should be researched prior to establishing new forage species. An evaluation was done of total dry matter yield (TDM; t ha-1), morphological components proportions (%; leaf, stem, dead material and inflorescence) and in situ dry matter digestibility (DMD; g kg-1)) in five Urochloa cultivars (Mulato II, Marandú, Xaraés, Piatá and Señal [control]) and at three regrowth ages (4, 6 and 8 wk) during the rainy and dry seasons. A completely randomized block design in a split plot arrangement was used to analyze the data by season. During the rainy season, TDM did not differ (P>0.05) between cultivars. In the dry season, Marandú had a lower yield than Xaraés (0.92 vs 1.21 t ha-1). Morphological component proportions differed between cultivars (P0.05) en MST, entre cultivares evaluados. Durante la ESE Marandú presentó menor rendimiento que Xaraés (0.92 vs 1.21 t ha-1). La proporción de componentes morfológicos fue diferente entre cultivares (P<0.05) y las hojas fueron el componente que más contribuyó al rendimiento. La DISMS se redujo de 64 a 56 % y de 60 a 56 %, cuando el forraje se cosechó a 4 y 8 semanas durante la ELL y ESE, respectivamente. Los cultivares evaluados mostraron rendimientos aceptables de MST, 2.6 y 1.0 t ha-1 y DISMS, 602 y 574 g kg-1, durante la ELL y ESE, respectivamente; por lo que pueden ser una alternativa forrajera para la ganadería del trópico húmedo de Ecuador