Uma reflexão da educação especial a partir das políticas públicas educacionais brasileiras

Este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma reflexão da Educação Especial a partir do desenvolvimento das políticas públicas brasileiras para a Educação Inclusiva. A relevância da discussão se estabelece pela compreensão em considerar como os aspectos políticos, educacionais e ideológicos do contexto brasileiro interferem diretamente na formação dos professores e no aprendizado dos alunos e das alunas com deficiências, altas habilidades e/ou superdotação e transtornos globais do desenvolvimento. Para tanto, como aporte teórico, este trabalho utilizou os estudos de Selma Matos & Enicéia Mendes (2014), Josiane Torres & Enicéia Mendes (2018/2019), Marcos Mazzotta (2011), dentre outros. A metodologia adotada foi a revisão da literatura com a utilização de fontes que tragam informações e credibilidade à pesquisa, agregando, com isso, cunho científico e crítico ao estudo. Diante disso, como conclusão, percebeu-se que discorrer sobre a educação especial e o processo de inclusão envolve, necessariamente, refletir sobre as políticas públicas educacionais inclusivas que buscam fortalecer efetivamente o direito à educação dos/das educandos/das, a uma formação de qualidade aos professores, bem como a uma democratização de acesso e permanência na escola por partes desses/as alunos/as

A Inspetoria de Monumentos Nacionais do Museu Histórico Nacional e a proteção de monumentos em Ouro Preto (1934-1937)

This article analyzes the actions of valorization and defense of Ouro Preto carried out by Gustavo Barroso, as director of the National Historical Museum, between the decades of 1920 and 1930. Understanding these actions as part of a writing project of history which had the old capital of Minas Gerais as the main reference, seeks to identify the paths towards the city’s official recognition as a National Monument in 1933 and to know Barroso’s role in that process. After that, it studies the restorations of monuments of old Vila Rica carried out under Barroso’s responsibility, especially those performed through the National Monuments Inspection (IMN), which was a department of the MHN between 1934 and 1937. In addition to characterizing the regulations and the practices of this department, identifying the agents involved in its activities, questions its omission in the historical memory about the public policies of preservation of the heritage in Brazil.O presente artigo é dedicado à análise das ações de valoração e defesa da cidade de Ouro Preto levadas a cabo por Gustavo Barroso, então diretor do Museu Histórico Nacional (MHN), entre as décadas de 1920 e 1930. Compreendendo essas ações como parte de um projeto de escrita da história nacional que teve a antiga capital de Minas Gerais como principal referência, o artigo procura identificar os percursos que levaram ao reconhecimento oficial da cidade como Monumento Nacional, em 1933, e a atuação de Barroso nesse processo. Em seguida, estuda as restaurações de monumentos da antiga Vila Rica realizadas sob a responsabilidade de Barroso, especialmente as implementadas por meio da Inspetoria de Monumentos Nacionais (IMN) que funcionou como um departamento do MHN entre 1934 e 1937. Além de caracterizar o regulamento e as práticas desse órgão, identificando os agentes envolvidos em suas atividades, problematiza seu esquecimento na memória histórica sobre as políticas públicas de preservação do patrimônio no Brasil

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS: a data set of bird morphological traits from the Atlantic forests of South America

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora