Neo-colonialism in the academy? Anglo-American domination in management journals

Leading business and management journals claim to be ‘world-leading’ but are dominated by Anglo-American scholars. The extent of this domination is demonstrated graphically in this article through cartograms based on 2010/2011 authorship and editorship data in top management journals. The dramatically skewed production of management scholarship is both ethically problematic in terms of Anglo-American domination of leading journals and the exclusion of many developing regions, and anachronistic given the shift of global production away from the North Atlantic in recent years. This continuing neo-colonial domination of intellectual production underpins the inequitable organization of the global economy and specifically the disproportionate realisation of wealth in the global North at the expense of the global South. The article proposes a series of measures to begin redressing the imbalance

Inside the ‘Red Circle’: the production of China’s corporate legal elite

Abstract This article examines the production of corporate legal elite through a systematic analysis of the profiles of the first three cohorts of partners in nine elite corporate law firms in Beijing. We argue that the social production of the Chinese corporate legal elite is primarily an outcome of domestic social factors rather than international factors. It is characterized by local elite recruitment from elite universities and endogenous elite circulation within the Red Circle firms. International credentials and work experience come only secondary to education and work experience in elite Chinese law schools and law firms for achieving elite status in the profession. Yet, international experience plays a role in promoting gender equality in elite professional service firms. This article contributes to the study of globalization and elite production in professional service firms by investigating how local and global forces manifest themselves in elite production in a major emerging market.</jats:p

A multilevel analysis of management, organisation and employment in Chinese service suppliers

Abstract The rise of China as an economic power has been accompanied by Chinese companies’ active engagement in international business. This study looks into two Chinese service suppliers, which are involved in international contracting with Japanese companies, and operate in both China and Japan. It examines how these service providers develop and implement their management systems in order to meet their international clients’ requirements, and how these management systems are experienced by the employees at workplaces. Taking a Critical Realist ontology (Bhaskar, 1975), and drawing on intensive observation and interviews in both China and Japan, this study develops a multi-level approach to understanding the management, organisation and employment practices in Chinese supply firms. This approach is based on the global value chain discussion (Gereffi, Humphrey, & Sturgeon, 2005) and the System-Society-Dominance-Corporate (SSDC) framework (Delbridge, Hauptmeier, & Sengupta, 2011; Smith & Meiksins, 1995). It locates the construction and development of management policies, practices and work relations in the global supply chains, while considering their institutional contexts at the international, national, local and corporate levels. It thus provides a holistic understanding of how SSDC effects are brought together in different supply chains and how they are manifested within the workplaces, as corporate actors respond to, struggle over and manage these supply chain relationships and the structural forces. This thesis contributes to existing studies on global suppliers in three key ways. First, it compares the supply firms in two different patterns of global supply chains (i.e. the market-based supply chain and the captive supply chain). In doing so, it is shown that the influence of clients is exerted in different ways under different governance structures and this leads to divergent consequences in terms of the management practices and employment relations in supply firms. Second, it extends the global value chain analysis of global supply firms by considering the social-institutional embeddedness of the supply firms. Third, it advances our understanding on the workplace dynamics in global supply firms, by focusing on the indeterminacy of labour power and the contested construction of workplace relations. "

Global supply chains, institutional constraints and firm level adaptations:A comparative study of Chinese service outsourcing firms

The focus on inter-firm governance relations within global supply chains analysis has left social relations at workplaces as a ‘black box’ and relatively underdiscussed. Through an in-depth, comparative study of two Chinese IT service providers for Japanese clients, this article explores how the work and employment relations in the supplier firm are shaped by the institutional contexts of both the supplier firm and the lead firm as well as by the nature of the global supply chain in which they are located. The article shows how the intersection of global supply chains and local institutional environments creates potential gaps between what is required by the lead firms and what is feasible within the supplier firms. Therefore, managers in the supplier firm have to negotiate ways of managing these expectations in the light of their own institutional constraints and possibilities. We identify three forms of adaptation made by the suppliers that we describe as wholesale adaptation, ceremonial adaptation and minimal adaptation to lead firms’ expectations. We argue that these interactions and forms of adaptation can be extended and explored more generally in global supply chains and provide the basis for a fruitful integration of institutional approaches with global supply chain analysis.</jats:p

EXPRESS: The Management of Second-Generation Migrant Workers in China: A Case Study of Centrifugal Paternalism

How have organisations sought to manage tensions between the needs for flexible labour in neoliberal market economies and the benefits of a committed and motivated workforce? Through an in-depth, qualitative study of a Chinese company, we identify and theorise a novel variation of paternalism that was developed by the organisation to manage the tensions under neoliberal capitalism. We label this management regime ‘centrifugal paternalism’ since it organises employment relations along the lines of ‘adult-like’ employers and ‘child-like’ employees but involves the diminution of employee dependency over time with an ultimate impulse away from the employing organisation. We find that the emergence of centrifugal paternalism is closely related both to the socio-demographic identity of the company’s employees as China’s second-generation migrant workers and to the economic context of the organisation. Through a ‘tough love’ approach, this regime allows the firm to secure flexible labour while responding to migrant workers’ needs for personal skills development and a fruitful rural-to-urban transition. Our research responds to recent calls for reconnecting organisation studies with society and situating workplace practices within their contexts. It also underlines the enduring importance of paternalism for understanding the dynamic and evolving nature of capitalist employment relations and management regimes. </jats:p

The big 4 in Bangladesh:caught between the global and the local

Purpose- This article explores the work practices of Big 4 firms in Bangladesh with the aim of exploring the extent to which Global Professional Service Firms can be thought of as being genuinely ‘global’. Methodology/Approach- Interviews were undertaken with the vast majority of Big 4 partners in Bangladesh. These interviews explored a number of themes related to the professional service work context in Bangladesh and the relationship between local and global firms. Findings- The central finding of this paper is that although the Big 4 have a long-established presence in Bangladesh, local societal factors heavily influence the realities of work for accountants there. In most cases the Big 4 firms establish correspondent firms (instead of full member firms) in Bangladesh and tend to offer restricted service lines. Additionally, the paper identifies professional, commercial and cultural barriers to greater Big 4 involvement in the local market. Conceptually, the chief contribution of this paper is to explore how the effects of globalising capitalism and standardised ‘best practices’ in global professional service work are mediated through the societal effects of Bangladeshi society, resulting in the Big 4 having only a tentative presence in the Bangladeshi market. Research implications- The findings cast doubt on the extent to which self-styled Global Professional Service firms are truly ‘global’ in nature. Future work examining the Big 4, or accounting more generally, in the context of globalization, would do well to pay greater attention to the experience of professionals in emerging markets. Originality/Value- Whilst there has been much work looking at accounting and accountants in the context of globalization, this work has tended to privilege ‘core’ western empirical settings. Very little is known about Professional Service Firms in ‘peripheral’ or emerging markets. Furthermore, this study extends the application of the System, Society and Dominance framework by mapping the interactions and dynamics of these three sources of influence in the setting of PSFs

Property Improvement of α-Amylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus by Deletion of Amino Acid Residues Arginine 179 and Glycine 180

Proizveden je mutant AmySΔR179-G180 delecijom arginina (Arg179) i glicina (Gly180) u α-amilazi iz bakterije Bacillus stearothermophilus (AmyS) pomoću ciljane mutageneze, a radi poboljšanja njezinih svojstava. Amilaze AmyS i AmySΔR179-G180 eksprimirane su u bakteriji Bacillus subtilis i pročišćene taloženjem pomoću amonijeva sulfata, te su im opisana i uspoređena svojstva. Delecijom aminokiselina Arg179 i Gly180 poboljšala se termostabilnost α-amilaze AmySΔR179-G180, a vrijeme poluraspada pri 100 °C bitno se produljilo s 24 na 33 min. Osim toga, ova je amilaza otpornija na djelovanje kiselina i treba manje kalcija za održavanje aktivnosti. Sekrecijska svojstva rekombinantnog soja ispitana su šaržnom fermentacijom u fermentoru od 7,5 L, te je dobivena velika aktivnost α-amilaze. Postignuta je najveća aktivnost od 3300 U/mL i produktivnost od 45,8 U/(mL•h).To improve the properties of α-amylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus (AmyS), a deletion mutant AmyS∆R179-G180 was constructed by deleting arginine (Arg179) and glycine (Gly180) using site-directed mutagenesis. AmyS and AmyS∆R179-G180 were expressed in Bacillus subtilis and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, after which the enzymatic properties were characterized and compared. By deleting amino acids Arg179 and Gly180, the thermostability of α-amylase AmyS∆R179-G180 was enhanced and the half-life at 100 °C significantly increased from 24 to 33 min. In addition, AmyS∆R179-G180 exhibited greater acid resistance and lower calcium requirements to maintain α-amylase activity. The secretory capacity of the recombinant strain was evaluated by fed-batch fermentation in a 7.5-litre fermentor in which high α-amylase activity was obtained. The highest activity reached 3300 U/mL with a high productivity of 45.8 U/(mL•h)

Converting ECG Signals to Images for Efficient Image-text Retrieval via Encoding

Automated interpretation of electrocardiograms (ECG) has garnered significant attention with the advancements in machine learning methodologies. Despite the growing interest in automated ECG interpretation using machine learning, most current studies focus solely on classification or regression tasks and overlook a crucial aspect of clinical cardio-disease diagnosis: the diagnostic report generated by experienced human clinicians. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to ECG interpretation, leveraging recent breakthroughs in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Transformer (ViT) models. Rather than treating ECG diagnosis as a classification or regression task, we propose an alternative method of automatically identifying the most similar clinical cases based on the input ECG data. Also, since interpreting ECG as images are more affordable and accessible, we process ECG as encoded images and adopt a vision-language learning paradigm to jointly learn vision-language alignment between encoded ECG images and ECG diagnosis reports. Encoding ECG into images can result in an efficient ECG retrieval system, which will be highly practical and useful in clinical applications. More importantly, our findings could serve as a crucial resource for providing diagnostic services in regions where only paper-printed ECG images are accessible due to past underdevelopment.Comment: 26 page

Epirubicin and gait apraxia: a real-world data analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database

Introduction: Epirubicin is widely used in many malignancies with good efficacy and tolerability. However, investigations about adverse events (AEs) using real-world information are still insufficient.Methods: We extracted Epirubicin-related reports submitted between the first quarter of 2014 and first quarter of 2023 from FAERS database. Four algorithms were utilized to evaluate whether there was a significant correlation between Epirubicin and AEs.Results: After de-duplicating, a total of 3919 cases were extracted. Among the 3919 cases, we identified 1472 AEs, 253 of which were found to be adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with Epirubicin. We analysed the occurrence of Epirubicin-induced ADRs and found several unexpected significant ADRs, such as hepatic artery stenosis, hepatic artery occlusion, intestinal atresia and so on. Interestingly, we found gait apraxia, a neurological condition, was also significantly associated with Epirubicin. To our knowledge, there haven't studies that have reported an association between gait disorders and the usage of epirubicin.Discussion: Our study identified new unexpected significant ADRs related to Epirubicin, providing new perspectives to the clinical use of Epirubicin