Identification and characterization of grapevine Genetic Resources maintained in Eastern European collections

Maul, E. et al.The Near East and the Caucasus regions are considered as gene and domestication centre for grapevine. In an earlier project >Conservation and Sustainable Use of Grapevine Genetic Resources in the Caucasus and Northern Black Sea Region> (2003-2007) it turned out that 2,654 accessions from autochthonous cultivars maintained by Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova, Russian Federation and Ukraine in ten grapevine collections may belong to 1,283 cultivars. But trueness to type assessment by morphology and genetic fingerprinting still needed to be done. In COST Action FA1003 a first step in that direction was initiated. The following countries participated: Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, Georgia, Hungary, Latvia, Moldova, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Ukraine. Mainly Vitis vinifera accessions (1098 samples) and 76 Vitis sylvestris individuals were analyzed by nine SSR-markers (VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD25, VVMD27, VVMD28, VVMD32, VrZag62, VrZag79). Cultivar identity confirmation/rejection was attempted for 306 genotypes/cultivars by comparison of the generated genetic profiles with international SSR-marker databases and ampelographic studies. The outcome proved unambiguously the necessity of morphologic description and photos (a) for comparison with bibliography, (b) for a clear and explicit definition of the cultivar and (c) the detection of sampling errors and misnomers. From the 1,098 analyzed accessions, 997 turned out to be indigenous to the participating countries. The remaining 101 accessions were Western European cultivars. The 997 fingerprints of indigenous accessions resulted in 658 unique profiles/cultivars. From these 353 (54 %) are only maintained in the countries of origin and 300 (46 %) unique genotypes exist only once in the Eastern European collections. For these 300 genotypes duplicate preservation needs to be initiated. In addition, the high ratio of non redundant genetic material of Eastern European origin suggests an immense unexplored diversity. Documentation of the entire information in the European Vitis Database will assist both germplasm maintenance and documentation of cultivar specific data.Joint publication of the COST Action FA1003 “East-West Collaboration for Grapevine Diversity Exploration and Mobilization of Adaptive Traits for Breeding”.Peer Reviewe

European collaboration for the grapevine phenotypic diversity exploitation

Trabajo presentado en la Final Conference Progress in Vitis Vinifera diversity evaluation and use, celebrada en Lisboa del 7 al 9 de octubre de 2014.-- Rustioni, Laura et al.Cost action FA1003 - GRAPENET. East-West Collaboration for Grapevine Diversity Exploration and Mobilization of Adaptive Traits for Breeding.Common limits for phenotyping are costs in terms of equipment, specialized researchers, and time. Moreover, phenotyping requires specific methods in relation to the studied traits, and each method is generally designed to highlight very specific characteristics of the singular trait. Thus, the obtained results are not easily comparable between different institutions. However the data sharing is clearly the most powerful approach to limit the costs and efforts optimizing the obtained results in term of number of studied accessions. It should be stressed that funds are another great limit in research, especially in East countries, where the most interesting cultivar variability is preserved.Peer Reviewe

Microstructure, Durability and Mechanical Properties of Mortars Prepared Using Ternary Binders with Addition of Slag, Fly Ash and Limestone

In order to improve the contribution to sustainability of cement production, several strategies have been developed, such as the incorporation of additions as clinker replacement. Regarding the production of commercial cements with additions, those made with binary binders are mostly produced. However, the use of ternary binders for manufacturing commercial cements is still very low, at least in Spain, and they could also be an adequate solution for producing eco-friendly cements. The objective of this research is to study the effects in the long term produced by ternary binders which combine the additions of blast furnace slag, fly ash and limestone in the microstructure, durability and mechanical performance of mortars, compared to mortars without additions and mortars made with binary binders. The ternary and binary binders accomplished the prescriptions for a cement type CEM II/B. The microstructure was characterized using mercury intrusion porosimetry, electrical resistivity and differential thermal analysis. Absorption after immersion, diffusion coefficient, mechanical strengths and ultrasonic pulse velocity were studied. The best performance was noted for ternary binder with both slag and fly ash, probably produced by the synergetic effects of slag hydration and fly ash pozzolanic reactions. These effects were more noticeable regarding the compressive strength.This work was supported by the Conselleria de Educación, Investigación, Cultura y Deporte (presently re-named as Conselleria de Innovación, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital) de la Generalitat Valenciana, Spain (grant code GV/2019/070)

First results of the European grapevine collections' collaborative network: Validation of a standard eno-carpological phenotyping method

Rustioni, L. et al.A standard protocol for phenotyping structural and compositional aspects of the grape berry has been adopted by 18 East and West European germplasm collections during one season by testing a total of 469 accessions, including reference cultivars as well as local and minor germplasm accessions of specific interest. The protocol consists in the collection of triplicates for 26 phenotypic traits, from biological samples, each formed by 10 berries collected from 9 representative bunches from every analyzed accessions. The protocol concatenates the data from measurements and acquisitions, with the objective to generate new derived variables, which are expressed with different units (%; content per kg of grapes, per berry, per g of tissue). For each variable, the Least Significant Differences (LSD), to contrast a pair of single accession mean values, and the Confidence Intervals (CI), to estimate each single accession mean value, were computed. The application of the protocol revealed satisfactory results with high accuracy and efficiency in estimation of phenotypic traits of each accession. The whole data set will be useful for researchers, breeders and viticulturists in yield evaluation of grapevine cultivars, as well as in comparative analyses of environment-variety interaction.Joint publication of the COST Action FA1003 “East-West Collaboration for Grapevine Diversity Exploration and Mobilization of Adaptive Traits for Breeding”.Peer Reviewe

Effects of a Real Exposure Class XC4 Mediterranean Climate Environment in the Behavior of Mortars Made Using Ternary Binders with Addition of Slag, Fly Ash and Limestone

[EN] For improving the contribution of the cement industry to mitigate global warming, many strategies have been put into practice, such as the use of eco-friendly cements with the incorporation of additions substituting clinker. Nevertheless, the use of ternary binders for the production of commercial cements is still reduced, particularly in Spain. The purpose of this research is to characterize the long-term influence produced by the exposure to a real in situ inland Mediterranean climate condition in the pore network, parameters related to durability and mechanical performance of mortars made with ternary binders, which incorporated limestone, fly ash, and ground granulated blast-furnace slag, in comparison with mortars without additions and binary blended mortars. The site verified the specifications of exposure class XC4 of Eurocode 2. The ternary and binary binders accomplished the prescriptions of cement type CEM II/B. The pore network was studied with mercury intrusion porosimetry and electrical resistivity. Water absorption, diffusion coefficient, carbonation depth, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive and flexural strengths have been determined. The exposure to the environment produced after 250 days an increase in porosity, a loss of pore refinement, a rise of the carbonation depths, and a reduction in the mechanical strengths, highlighting the better overall performance of ternary mortar with both fly ash and slagThis work was supported by the Conselleria de Educación, Investigación, Cultura y Deporte (presently re-named as Conselleria de Innovación, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital) de la GeneralitatValenciana, Spain (grant code GV/2019/070)Ibáñez-Gosálvez, J.; Real-Herraiz, TP.; Marcos Ortega, J. (2021). Effects of a Real Exposure Class XC4 Mediterranean Climate Environment in the Behavior of Mortars Made Using Ternary Binders with Addition of Slag, Fly Ash and Limestone. Materials. 14(19):1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14195848S123141

Performance of Mortars Made Using Ternary Binders with Addition of Slag, Fly Ash and Limestone Exposed to a Real Environmental Condition Compatible with Exposure Class XC3

[EN] The use of eco-friendly cements prepared with ternary binders could contribute to improving the sustainability of cement production. However, their use for manufacturing commercial cements is very low, at least in Spain. The purpose of this research is to study the behavior in the long term of mortars made with ternary binders which incorporated ground granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, and limestone, exposed to environmental conditions compatible with the specifications of exposure class XC3 of the Eurocode 2, compared to mortars without additions and mortars with binary binders. The exposure station was placed in an underground floor of a building used as a garage with circulation of vehicles and moderately high CO2 concentration. The ternary and binary binders verified the prescriptions of cement type CEM II/B. The microstructure was characterized using mercury intrusion porosimetry and electrical resistivity. Water absorption, diffusion coefficient, carbonation depth, mechanical strengths, and ultrasonic pulse velocity were determined. A loss of microstructure refinement with time was noted for all the analyzed binders, probably related to the development of carbonation and drying shrinkage. The binary mortars with slag and fly ash and the ternary binder which combined them showed the best mechanical performance at 250 days.This work was supported by the Conselleria de Educacion, Investigacion, Cultura y Deporte (presently re-named as Conselleria de Innovacion, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital) de la GeneralitatValenciana, Spain (grant code GV/2019/070).Ibáñez-Gosálvez, J.; Real-Herraiz, TP.; Ortega, JM. (2021). Performance of Mortars Made Using Ternary Binders with Addition of Slag, Fly Ash and Limestone Exposed to a Real Environmental Condition Compatible with Exposure Class XC3. Materials. 14(20):1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14205937S119142

Introducción al Dossier: “Impactos de hegemonía. Los mudables cimientos del poder imperial hispánico”

Los estudios sobre la práctica imperial han prestado una atención limitada a cómo esta afectaba a sus poblaciones, que aparecen como simples pacientes de una política que les era ajena. La renovación de la historia política, económica y administrativa ha puesto en valor el protagonismo de la escala local a la hora de construir, gestionar y hacer evolucionar los proyectos de hegemonía. Es preciso incorporar el papel de los habitantes de los dominios del rey católico en América, Asia, África y América en los análisis de cómo fue posible la hegemonía imperial, de cómo evolucionó y cómo fue apropiada en cada momento por estas sociedades. Se podrá así entender las fortalezas, los límites, las permanencias y las opciones efectivas de un imperio hecho por personas

Pedigree analysis of the Spanish grapevine cultivar 'Hebén'

The use of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers allows genetic identification and parentage analysis of grapevine cultivars. Ancient cultivars like 'Hebén' were widely cultivated in the Iberian Peninsula along its history and likely contributed to the origin of varieties which are still cultivated today. The goal of our study was to search for possible first-degree relationships between the female variety 'Hebén' and other Iberian and Mediterranean cultivars. For this purpose, we used a set of 261 SNP markers which allowed identifying 23 trios and 37 parent-offspring relationships supported by high overall likelihood ratios (LOD scores). The results shed light on the relationships among several cultivars from Spain and Portugal, and demonstrated that 'Hebén' is a major founder of current varieties in the Iberian Peninsula viticulture, and contributed to spread the chlorotype A in this region.L. H. ZINELABIDINE was supported by a fellowship from the Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional. J. CUNHA was supported by a Post-doctoral fellowship “Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia” (SFRH/BPD/ 74895/2010). LHZ and JC were supported by COST action FA1003 “East-West Collaboration for Grapevine Diversity Exploration and Mobilization of Adaptive Traits for Breeding”, from European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research, through the funding of short scientific missions at the ICVV.Peer Reviewe

Pedigree analysis of the Spanish grapevine cultivar Heben

Trabajo presentado en la Final Conference Progress in Vitis Vinifera diversity evaluation and use, celebrada en Lisboa del 7 al 9 de octubre de 2014.Cost action FA1003 - GRAPENET. East-West Collaboration for Grapevine Diversity Exploration and Mobilization of Adaptive Traits for Breeding.Several studies have shown that some varieties have had a large contribution in the production of varieties in certain regions, like ‘Pinot’ and ‘Heunisch Weiss’ in France. Previous results had pointed out that the old Spanish female variety ‘Hebén’, known as ‘Mourisco Branco’ in Portugal, could be one of those varieties with a remarkable role in the Iberian Peninsula. This ancient winegrape cultivar was already described in Spain in the 16th century as a white variety of grapevine producing large and sparse bunches of grape with big seeds.Peer Reviewe

Variables definitorias del perfil del profesor/a universitario/a ideal desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes pre-universitarios/as

El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es conocer las preferencias que los estudiantes de primer curso de grado tienen sobre el profesor universitario ideal, el que desearían que les impartiera docencia en la universidad. Para ello, encuestamos a 947 estudiantes pre-universitarios pertenecientes a cuatro universidades diferentes y abordamos los principales aspectos que definen a un docente universitario (características personales y profesionales del profesor, sistemas de evaluación y tutorías y tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TICs) deseadas para la docencia universitaria). Los resultados muestran que los alumnos valoran especialmente que el profesor universitario ideal sea cercano, claro en las explicaciones, que evalúe mediante exámenes parciales a lo largo del curso, que oriente a los alumnos en la toma de decisiones sobre su posible futuro profesional en las tutorías y que utilice las TICs en su enseñanza porque ello les haría sentirse más preparados para aplicar sus conocimientos