2,119 research outputs found
Single-molecule Studies Of p53 Sliding Along DNA
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Evidence linking exposure of fish primary macrophages to antibiotics activates the NF-kB pathway.
Low doses of antibiotics are ubiquitous in the marine environment and may exert negative effects on non-target aquatic organisms. Using primary macrophages of common carp, we investigated the mechanisms of action following exposure to several common antibiotics; cefotaxime, enrofloxacin, tetracycline, sulfamonomethoxine, and their mixtures, and explored the immunomodulatory effects associated with the nuclear factor-ÎșB (NF-ÎșB) signaling pathway. A KEGG pathway analysis was conducted using the sixty-six differentially expressed genes found in all treatments, and showed that exposure to 100Â ÎŒg/L of antibiotics could affect regulation of the NF-ÎșB signaling pathway, suggesting that activation of NF-ÎșB is a common response in all four classes of antibiotics. In addition, the four antibiotics induced nf-Îșb and NF-ÎșB-associated cytokines expression, as verified by qPCR, however, these induction responses by four antibiotics were minor when compared to the same concentration of LPS treatment (100Â ÎŒg/L). Antagonists of NF-ÎșB blocked many of the immune effects of the antibiotics, providing evidence that NF-ÎșB pathways mediate the actions of all four antibiotics. Moreover, exposure to environmentally relevant, low levels (0.01-100Â ÎŒg/L) of antibiotics induced a NF-ÎșB-mediated immune response, including endogenous generation of ROS, activity of antioxidant enzymes, as well as expression of cytokine and apoptosis. Moreover, exposure to mixtures of antibiotics presented greater effects on most tested immunological parameters than exposure to a single antibiotic, suggesting additive effects from multiple antibiotics in the environment. This study demonstrates that exposure of fish primary macrophages to low doses of antibiotics activates the NF-kB pathway
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Efficacy of Hedonic Shopping Value in Predicting Word of Mouth
This research examines the efficacy of hedonic shopping value in predicting touristsâ satisfaction and word of mouth communication. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews of 506 tourists of whom 383 respondents indicated that they had shopped and made a purchase during their holidays in Turkey. A total of 345 completed interviews were used for analysis. Findings suggest that hedonic shopping value is strongly linked to touristsâ satisfaction and word of mouth. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed within the context of retailing industry in a maturing tourist destination
Entrepreneursâ Activities on Social Media and Venture Financing
Social media has been an incredible platform for startups to develop meaningful connections with stakeholders and customers. We investigate ways in which entrepreneurs use social media to drive both the level of engagement for their startup and the subsequent level of venture financing. Our empirical analysis demonstrates how differences in entrepreneursâ tweetsâi.e., differences in the level informativity, persuasiveness, and transformativityâis associated with different levels of startup engagement and venture financing. We show differences in entrepreneursâ activity with the social media platformâi.e., the number of tweets, the number of mentions of other accounts, and the number of retweetsâfurther drives engagement and venture financing. We test our model by collecting an extensive dataset of over 7,000,000 tweets from entrepreneurs and startups that have been through accelerators. Results indicate associates between the social media activities of entrepreneurs, startup engagement, and venture financing
Statistics of X-ray flares of Sagittarius A*: evidence for solar-like self-organized criticality phenomenon
X-ray flares have routinely been observed from the supermassive black hole,
Sagittarius A (Sgr A), at our Galactic center. The nature of
these flares remains largely unclear, despite of many theoretical models. In
this paper, we study the statistical properties of the Sgr A X-ray
flares, by fitting the count rate (CR) distribution and the structure function
(SF) of the light curve with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. With the
3 million second \textit{Chandra} observations accumulated in the Sgr A
X-ray Visionary Project, we construct the theoretical light curves through
Monte Carlo simulations. We find that the keV X-ray light curve can be
decomposed into a quiescent component with a constant count rate of
count s and a flare component with a power-law
fluence distribution with . The duration-fluence correlation can also be modelled as a
power-law with (
confidence). These statistical properties are consistent with the theoretical
prediction of the self-organized criticality (SOC) system with the spatial
dimension . We suggest that the X-ray flares represent plasmoid
ejections driven by magnetic reconnection (similar to solar flares) in the
accretion flow onto the black hole.Comment: to appear in Ap
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Pathogenic Cav3.2 channel mutation in a child with primary generalized epilepsy.
Two paternally-inherited missense variants in CACNA1H were identified and characterized in a 6-year-old child with generalized epilepsy. Febrile and unprovoked seizures were present in this child. Both variants were expressed in cis or isolation using human recombinant Cav3.2 calcium channels in tsA-201 cells. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings indicated that one variant (c.3844Câ>âT; p.R1282W) caused a significant increase in current density consistent with a pathogenic gain-of-function phenotype; while the other cis-related variant (c.5294Câ>âT; p.A1765V) had a benign profile
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