367 research outputs found
Space geodetic observations of repeating slow slip events beneath the Bonin Islands
The Pacific Plate subducts beneath the Philippine Sea Plate along the Izu-Bonin Trench. We investigated crustal movements at the Bonin Islands, using Global Navigation Satellite System and geodetic Very Long Baseline Interferometry data to reveal how the two plates converge in this subduction zone. These islands are located similar to 100 km from the trench, just at the middle between the volcanic arc and the trench, making these islands suitable for detecting signatures of episodic deformation such as slow slip events (SSEs). During 2007-2016, we found five SSEs repeating quasi-periodically with similar displacement patterns. In estimating their fault parameters, we assumed that the fault lies on the prescribed plate boundary, and optimized the size, shape and position of the fault and dislocation vectors. Average fault slip was similar to 5 cm, and the average moment magnitude was similar to 6.9. We also found one SSE occurred in 2008 updip of the repeating SSE in response to an M6 class interplate earthquake. In spite of the frequent occurrence of SSEs, there is no evidence for long-term strain accumulation in the Bonin Islands that may lead to future megathrust earthquakes. Plate convergence in Mariana-type subduction zones may occur, to a large extent, episodically as repeating SSEs
Landform and local site effects on the colonies worst-hit by the 2004 mid-Niigata prefecture, Japan, earthquake
Deep seismic activities preceding the three large âshallowâ earthquakes off south-east Hokkaido, Japanâthe 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake, the 1993 Kushiro-oki earthquake and the 1952 Tokachi-oki earthquake
Inversion analysis of the 2004 off the Kii peninsula earthquakes using seismic intensity data
Ung och tanklös Àr en litteraturstudie som handlar om pÄföljdssystemet för unga lagövertrÀdare. Den ger en översikt över dagens pÄföljdssystem samt en historisk tillbakablick inom lagstiftningen och ÄtgÀrderna kring unga lagövertrÀdare i Sverige. Syftet med uppsatsen Àr att undersöka hur dagens samhÀlle hanterar unga lagövertrÀdare. Varför ser vÄrt pÄföljdssystem ut som det gör? Tyngdpunkten i arbetet ligger pÄ utvecklingen av pÄföljderna samt att det har gÄtt frÄn straff till ett mer behandlingsinriktat samhÀlle. Uppsatsen tar Àven upp sluten ungdomsvÄrd och hur straff och behandlig förenas pÄ institutionerna.
De resultat som framkommer i uppsatsen Àr att de behandlingsmetoder som visat sig vara effektiva för gruppen unga lagövertrÀdare Àr Kognitiv beteendeterapi baserade program och familjebaserade insatser. De insatser som visats fungera bÀttre Àn andra utmÀrks genom att de inriktar sig pÄ att pÄverka den unges sÀtt att tÀnka, kÀnna och bete sig. Det innebÀr att det Àr mer effektivt att ge den unge nÄgon typ av kvalificerad behandling utöver en juridisk pÄföljd. Uppsatsen visar Àven en utveckling av olika slags pÄföljder för unga lagövertrÀdare eftersom olika straffteorier har tillÀmpats genom tiden. Samt hur samhÀllets ÄtgÀrder för unga lagövertrÀdare förÀndrats.Young and thoughtless is a literature which deals with penalties for young offenders. It gives an overview of the current system of sanctions and to history in the legislation and measures relating to young offenders in Sweden. The purpose of this paper is to examine how our society handles young offenders. Why does our system of penalties the way they do? The focus of the work lies in the development of the sanctions and that it has moved from criminal to a more treatment-oriented society. The essay also takes up secure youth and how punishment and treatment united in institutions.
The results obtained in the paper is that the methods of treatment proved effective for the group of young offenders is cognitive-behavioral therapy-based programs and family-based interventions. The actions demonstrated work better than others, characterized by the focus on to influence the young person's way of thinking, feeling and behaving. That means it is more effective to give the kids some type of skilled therapy beyond a legal sanction. The essay also shows a development of different types of sanctions for young offenders because various criminal theories have been applied through time. And how society measures for young offenders has changed
Ensemble experiments using a nested LETKF system to reproduce intense vortices associated with tornadoes of 6 May 2012 in Japan
Outline of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake (M w 9.0) âSeismicity: foreshocks, mainshock, aftershocks, and induced activityâ
Tsunami-induced magnetic fields detected at Chichijima Island before the arrival of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake tsunami
Long-period ground motions from a large offshore earthquake: The case of the 2004 off the Kii peninsula earthquake, Japan
Macroscale evolutionary patterns of flight muscle dimorphism in the carrion beetle Necrophila japonica
Some insect species exhibit polymorphisms in flight muscles or wings, which provide opportunities for studying the factors that drive dispersal polymorphisms and the evolution of flightlessness in insects. We investigated the macroscale evolutionary pattern of flightlessness in the widespread Japanese beetle Necrophila japonica (Coleoptera: Silphidae), which exhibits flight muscle dimorphisms using phylogeographic approaches. N. japonica lives in both stable and unstable habitats, and the flight muscle dimorphisms may have been maintained through the use of these diverse habitats. We studied the distribution pattern of the proportion of individuals lacking flight muscles in relation to the genetic differentiation among geographic populations using an 842-base pair sequence of the COI-II gene. Both flight-capable and flightless individuals occurred over the distribution area, and the flight muscle condition showed no significant phylogeographic pattern. Several populations comprised flight-capable individuals only, whereas few comprised flightless ones only. Demographic expansion was suggested for major clades of COI-II haplotypes, and the genetic differentiation showed an isolation-by-distance pattern among the populations in Japan. The proportion of flightless individuals was higher in a population with a higher annual mean temperature and with higher genetic diversity among individuals. These results indicate that geographic expansion occurred recently while flight muscle dimorphisms have been maintained, that flight-capable individuals have colonized cooler (peripheral) habitats, and that flightlessness has increased in long-persisting populations as suggested by high genetic diversity
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