24 research outputs found

    Zpráva z konference Evropské asociace cizího jazyka

    Get PDF
    Jednou z vědecky i politicky významných vědních oblastí zasahujících do pedagogiky, resp. oborových didaktik, aplikované lingvistiky, neurověd a psycho logie a jiných je vědní disciplína zabývající se osvojováním cizího jazyka (SLA – second language acquisition). Na evropské úrovni se jí výzkumně zabývá European Second Language Association (EuroSLA) – Evropská asociace cizího jazyka (http://eurosla.org/home.html). Tato vědecká společnost pořádá každoročně konferenci v jednom z evropských měst. Poslední, v pořadí již 22. konference, se konala 6.–8. září 2012 na Univerzitě Adama Mickiewicze v polské Poznani. Zaměřovala se tentokráte na problematiku Rozšiřování hranic disciplíny, a reagovala tím na typickou, výše naznačenou interdisciplinaritu výzkumu osvojování cizího a druhého jazyka. Nejčastěji bývá tento výzkum propojován například s lingvistikou a kognitivní neurolingvistikou.Jednou z vědecky i politicky významných vědních oblastí zasahujících do pedagogiky, resp. oborových didaktik, aplikované lingvistiky, neurověd a psycho logie a jiných je vědní disciplína zabývající se osvojováním cizího jazyka (SLA – second language acquisition). Na evropské úrovni se jí výzkumně zabývá European Second Language Association (EuroSLA) – Evropská asociace cizího jazyka (http://eurosla.org/home.html). Tato vědecká společnost pořádá každoročně konferenci v jednom z evropských měst. Poslední, v pořadí již 22. konference, se konala 6.–8. září 2012 na Univerzitě Adama Mickiewicze v polské Poznani. Zaměřovala se tentokráte na problematiku Rozšiřování hranic disciplíny, a reagovala tím na typickou, výše naznačenou interdisciplinaritu výzkumu osvojování cizího a druhého jazyka. Nejčastěji bývá tento výzkum propojován například s lingvistikou a kognitivní neurolingvistikou.The 22nd Annual Conference of the European Second Language Association was organized by the School of English, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań. The conference started in the morning of 6 September 2012 and closed at lunch time on 8 September 2012. Preceding the Conference, on 5th September, a Doctoral Workshop took place in the morning, and the Language Learning Roundtable in the afternoon. The conference theme was “Expanding discipline boundaries” and focused on how research in second language acquisition connects with research conducted in other fields

    Clusters and Sequences of Foreign Language Learning Strategies in Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening in their Relation to Achievement

    Get PDF
    The main research aim was to uncover the typical clusters and sequences of learner strategies in typical foreign language tasks for the four language skills (reading, writing, listening, speaking). To fulfill the aim quantitative and qualitative data collection and data analysis were used. Data sample consisted of students of the last year of lower secondary compulsory comprehensive education (ISCED 2) in the region of South-Moravia (probability sampling) in the Czech Republic. The students completed ten selected tasks from standardised English language test KET (2008) and filled in bubble templates in order to report their strategy use. For each language skill, typical strategy clusters and sequences were derived. The aim was to analyse the data according to categories derived from students’ views / terminology and try to interconnect the achieved findings with the framework of learner strategy theory.Hlavním cílem výzkumu bylo zjistit typické shluky a sekvence žákovských strategií učení se angličtině ve vazbě na úspěšnost řešení jazykových úloh na konci základního vzdělávání. Bylo užito kvalitativních a kvantitativních metod, přičemž zaměření příspěvku je v kvalitativní části výzkumu. Výzkumný vzorek byl sestaven náhodným výběrem v Jihomoravském kraji. Strategie byly zjišťovány pomocí tzv. templates, do nichž žáci zapisovali své výpovědi o tom, jak postupovali při řešení 10 typických úloh ze standardizovaného jazykového testu KET. Cílem bylo analyzovat data prostřednictvím kategorií odvozených z dostupných teorií i samotných výpovědí respondentů

    Comparison of English and German foreign language learner strategy

    Get PDF
    INTRODUCTION: Learning strategies capture a wide range of linguistic behaviours and most often are defined as sets of “conscious thoughts and actions that a learner takes to achieve a learning goal” (Chamot 2004), or as “operations to acquire, retain, retrieve or perform” (Rigney 1978). Strategies are most often classified according to psychological functions. In our research, Oxford’s (1990) classification is used. Strategies are divided into direct (memory, cognitive, compensatory) and indirect (metacognitive, affective, social) ones. Our research question was: Does the use of learner strategies differ according to the acquired foreign language (English or German)? METHODS: The research is based on adapted, enlarged inventory SILL (Oxford 1990). Research sample comprised 1482 pupils at the end of primary education, 2384 pupils at the end of lower secondary comprehensive education, and 1038 students at the end of upper secondary comprehensive education. The inventory for the primary pupils consisted of 28 items with a 3-point frequency scale (Cronbach alpha 0.74); for lower (alpha = 0.90) and upper (alpha = 0.80) secondary students of 67 items with a 5-point scale. Students were asked to report their strategy use in a preferred foreign language which was mostly English. RESULTS: Differences in overall strategy use were found only among pupils at primary level. Pupils learning English reported to use strategies more than pupils learning German. Nevertheless, lower secondary pupils learning German reported using memory, affective, and social strategies more than pupils learning English. Relations were significant but extremely weak (R = 0.05). The upper secondary students preferring English tended to use more cognitive strategies, and students who preferred German used more memory and affective strategies. Students at all levels also differed in the use of some single strategies.Příspěvek zjišťoval rozdíly v používání strategií učení se žáky v němčině a angličtině pomocí dotazníku strategií vycházejícího z klasifikace strategií učení se cizímu jazyku R. L. Oxfordové (1990). Výzkumný vzorek tvořilo 1482 žáků 5. ročníku, 2384 žáků 9. ročníků základní školy a 1038 žáků předposledních ročníků gymnázií

    Typické sekvence a shluky žákovských strategií na konci základního vzdělávání ve vazbě na úspěšnost řešení jazykových úloh KET

    Get PDF
    Výzkum byl zaměřen na strategie u řečových dovedností (čtení, psaní, mluvení a poslechu) v kontextu dalších proměnných (motivace, styl učení, vliv učitele aj.). Strategie byly sledovány v konkrétních situacích (nikoli obecně) s cílem lépe měřit vazbu strategií na vzdělávací výsledky. Byly zjišťovány pomocí tzv. templates, do nichž žáci zapisovali své výpovědi o tom, jak postupovali při řešení 10 typických úloh standardizovaného jazykového testu KET. Kontextové informace byly zjišťovány pomocí dotazníků. Základní soubor tvořily základní školy s druhým stupněm v Jihomoravském kraji. Náhodný výběr zahrnoval oslovení 27 škol, z nichž byla analyzována data 16 škol. Na úrovni tříd (resp. jazykových skupin) se jednalo o úplný výběr žáků 9. ročníků dané školy, celkem je analyzováno 462 žáků.The research focused on foreign language learner strategies for the four language skills (reading, writing, listening, speaking) in the context of other variables (motivation, learning style, the influence of the teacher etc.). The strategies were analysed in concrete situations (not from the general perspective) in order to better investigate their relation to pupils' achievement. The students completed ten selected tasks from standardised English language test KET and filled in bubble templates in order to report their strategy use. Context information was gained from questionnaires. Data sample consisted of students of the last year of lower secondary compulsory comprehensive education in the region of South-Moravia. The probability sampling included 27 schools, 16 of them were willing to participate. At the class level the sample consisted of all pupils of the 9th grade of the school, i.e. in total 462 pupils

    The declining occurrence of moose (Alces alces) at the southernmost edge of its range raise conservation concerns

    Get PDF
    The border region between Austria, the Czech Republic, and Germany harbors the most south-western occurrence of moose in continental Europe. The population originated in Poland, where moose survived, immigrated from former Soviet Union or were reintroduced after the Second World War expanded west and southwards. In recent years, the distribution of the nonetheless small Central European population seems to have declined, necessitating an evaluation of its current status. In this study, existing datasets of moose observations from 1958 to 2019 collected in the three countries were combined to create a database totaling 771 records (observations and deaths). The database was then used to analyze the following: (a) changes in moose distribution, (b) the most important mortality factors, and (c) the availability of suitable habitat as determined using a maximum entropy approach. The results showed a progressive increase in the number of moose observations after 1958, with peaks in the 1990s and around 2010, followed by a relatively steep drop after 2013. Mortality within the moose population was mostly due to human interactions, including 13 deadly wildlife-vehicle collisions, particularly on minor roads, and four animals that were either legally culled or poached. Our habitat model suggested that higher altitudes (ca. 700–1,000 m a.s.l.), especially those offering wetlands, broad- leaved forests and natural grasslands, are the preferred habitats of moose whereas steep slopes and areas of human activity are avoided. The habitat model also revealed the availability of large core areas of suitable habitat beyond the current distribution, suggesting that habitat was not the limiting factor explaining the moose distribution in the study area. Our findings call for immediate transboundary conservation measures to sustain the moose population, such as those aimed at preventing wildlife-vehicle collisions and illegal killings. Infrastructure planning and development activities must take into account the habitat requirements of moose.publishedVersio

    Differential rotation in magnetic chemically peculiar stars

    Get PDF
    Magnetic chemically peculiar (mCP) stars constitute about 10% of upper-main-sequence stars and are characterized by strong magnetic fields and abnormal photospheric abundances of some chemical elements. Most of them exhibit strictly periodic light, magnetic, radio, and spectral variations that can be fully explained by a rigidly rotating main-sequence star with persistent surface structures and a stable global magnetic field. Long-term observations of the phase curves of these variations enable us to investigate possible surface differential rotation with unprecedented accuracy and reliability. The analysis of the phase curves in the best-observed mCP stars indicates that the location and the contrast of photometric and spectroscopic spots as well as the geometry of the magnetic field remain constant for at least many decades. The strict periodicity of mCP variables supports the concept that the outer layers of upper-main-sequence stars do not rotate differentially. However, there is a small, inhomogeneous group consisting of a few mCP stars whose rotation periods vary on timescales of decades. The period oscillations may reflect real changes in the angular velocity of outer layers of the stars which are anchored by their global magnetic fields. In CU Vir, V901 Ori, and perhaps BS Cir, the rotational period variation indicates the presence of vertical differential rotation; however, its exact nature has remained elusive until now. The incidence of mCP stars with variable rotational periods is currently investigated using a sample of fifty newly identified Kepler mCP stars
    corecore