5,174 research outputs found
Absorption spectrum of (H2O)-O-18 in the range 12 400-14 520 cm(-1)
Fourier transform spectra recorded using (a) natural abundance water vapor, (b) (H2O)-O-18-enriched water vapor, and (c) (H2O)-O-17-enriched water vapor are analyzed. The ratio of intensities in three spectra is used to identify 927 lines due to absorption by (H2O)-O-18. Intensities and self-broadening parameters are derived for these lines. Using theoretical linelists, comparisons with previously assigned (H2O)-O-16 spectra, and automatic searches for combination differences, 747 lines are assigned. These lines belong to 14 vibrational states in the 3nu + delta and 4nu polyads. Newly determined (H2O)-O-18 vibrational band origins include 4nu(1) at 13 793.09 cm(-1), 3nu(1) + nu(3) at 13 795.40 cm(-1), 2nu(1) + 2nu(3) at 14 188.82 cm(-1), nu(1) + 3nu(3) at 14 276.34 cm(-1), and 2nu(2) + 2nu(2) + nu(3) at 13 612.71 cm(-1). These results are compared with data in HITRAN. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA)
Fourier transform absorption spectra of (H2O)-O-18 and (H2O)-O-17 in the 3v plus delta and 4v polyad region
Fourier transform absorption spectra of (H2O)-O-18-enriched and (H2O)-O-17-enriched water vapor in the 3v + delta and 4v polyad region have been analyzed. With the aid of theoretically calculated linelists, we have assigned 1014 lines attributed to (H2O)-O-18 and 836 lines of 855 attributed to (H2O)-O-17. Seven new band origins are found for (H2O)-O-17 and one for (H2O)-O-18. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Developmental differences in holistic interference of facial part recognition.
Research has shown that adults' recognition of a facial part can be disrupted if the part is learnt without a face context but tested in a whole face. This has been interpreted as the holistic interference effect. The present study investigated whether children of 6- and 9-10-year-olds would show a similar effect. Participants were asked to judge whether a probe part was the same as or different from a test part whereby the part was presented either in isolation or in a whole face. The results showed that while all the groups were susceptible to a holistic interference, the youngest group was most severely affected. Contrary to the view that piecemeal processing precedes holistic processing in the cognitive development, our findings demonstrate that holistic processing is already present at 6 years of age. It is the ability to inhibit the influence of holistic information on piecemeal processing that seems to require a longer period of development into at an older and adult age
A momentum-dependent perspective on quasiparticle interference in Bi_{2}Sr_{2}CaCu_{2}O_{8+\delta}
Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) probes the momentum-space
electronic structure of materials, and provides invaluable information about
the high-temperature superconducting cuprates. Likewise, the cuprate
real-space, inhomogeneous electronic structure is elucidated by Scanning
Tunneling Spectroscopy (STS). Recently, STS has exploited quasiparticle
interference (QPI) - wave-like electrons scattering off impurities to produce
periodic interference patterns - to infer properties of the QP in
momentum-space. Surprisingly, some interference peaks in
Bi_{2}Sr_{2}CaCu_{2}O_{8+\delta} (Bi-2212) are absent beyond the
antiferromagnetic (AF) zone boundary, implying the dominance of particular
scattering process. Here, we show that ARPES sees no evidence of quasiparticle
(QP) extinction: QP-like peaks are measured everywhere on the Fermi surface,
evolving smoothly across the AF zone boundary. This apparent contradiction
stems from different natures of single-particle (ARPES) and two-particle (STS)
processes underlying these probes. Using a simple model, we demonstrate
extinction of QPI without implying the loss of QP beyond the AF zone boundary
Perceptual Other-Race Training Reduces Implicit Racial Bias
Background: Implicit racial bias denotes socio-cognitive attitudes towards other-race groups that are exempt from conscious awareness. In parallel, other-race faces are more difficult to differentiate relative to own-race faces – the ‘‘Other-Race Effect.’ ’ To examine the relationship between these two biases, we trained Caucasian subjects to better individuate other-race faces and measured implicit racial bias for those faces both before and after training. Methodology/Principal Findings: Two groups of Caucasian subjects were exposed equally to the same African American faces in a training protocol run over 5 sessions. In the individuation condition, subjects learned to discriminate between African American faces. In the categorization condition, subjects learned to categorize faces as African American or not. For both conditions, both pre- and post-training we measured the Other-Race Effect using old-new recognition and implicit racial biases using a novel implicit social measure – the ‘‘Affective Lexical Priming Score’ ’ (ALPS). Subjects in the individuation condition, but not in the categorization condition, showed improved discrimination of African American faces with training. Concomitantly, subjects in the individuation condition, but not the categorization condition, showed a reduction in their ALPS. Critically, for the individuation condition only, the degree to which an individual subject’s ALPS decreased was significantly correlated with the degree of improvement that subject showed in their ability to differentiate African American faces
The Composite Task Reveals Stronger Holistic Processing in Children than Adults for Child Faces
Background: While own-age faces have been reported to be better recognized than other-age faces, the underlying cause of this phenomenon remains unclear. One potential cause is holistic face processing, a special kind of perceptual and cognitive processing reserved for perceiving upright faces. Previous studies have indeed found that adults show stronger holistic processing when looking at adult faces compared to child faces, but whether a similar own-age bias exists in children remains to be shown. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we used the composite face task – a standard test of holistic face processing – to investigate if, for child faces, holistic processing is stronger for children than adults. Results showed child participants (8–13 years) had a larger composite effect than adult participants (22–65 years). Conclusions/Significance: Our finding suggests that differences in strength of holistic processing may underlie the ownage bias on recognition memory. We discuss the origin of own-age biases in terms of relative experience, face-space tuning, and social categorization
Integrated Epigenome Profiling of Repressive Histone Modifications, DNA Methylation and Gene Expression in Normal and Malignant Urothelial Cells
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is commonly altered in human cancer. We have observed alterations of DNA
methylation and microRNA expression that reflect the biology of bladder cancer. This common disease arises by distinct
pathways with low and high-grade differentiation. We hypothesized that epigenetic gene regulation reflects an interaction
between histone and DNA modifications, and differences between normal and malignant urothelial cells represent
carcinogenic events within bladder cancer. To test this we profiled two repressive histone modifications (H3K9m3 and
H3K27m3) using ChIP-Seq, cytosine methylation using MeDIP and mRNA expression in normal and malignant urothelial cell
lines. In genes with low expression we identified H3K27m3 and DNA methylation each in 20–30% of genes and both marks
in 5% of genes. H3K9m3 was detected in 5–10% of genes but was not associated with overall expression. DNA methylation
was more closely related to gene expression in malignant than normal cells. H3K27m3 was the epigenetic mark most
specifically correlated to gene silencing. Our data suggest that urothelial carcinogenesis is accompanied by a loss of control
of both DNA methylation and H3k27 methylation. From our observations we identified a panel of genes with cancer
specific-epigenetic mediated aberrant expression including those with reported carcinogenic functions and members
potentially mediating a positive epigenetic feedback loop. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed genes marked by H3K9m3
were involved with cell homeostasis, those marked by H3K27m3 mediated pro-carcinogenic processes and those marked
with cytosine methylation were mixed in function. In 150 normal and malignant urothelial samples, our gene panel correctly
estimated expression in 65% of its members. Hierarchical clustering revealed that this gene panel stratified samples
according to the presence and phenotype of bladder cancer
Seeing two faces together: preference formation in humans and rhesus macaques
Humans, great apes and old world monkeys show selective attention to faces depending on conspecificity, familiarity, and social status supporting the view that primates share similar face processing mechanisms. Although many studies have been done on face scanning strategy in monkeys and humans, the mechanisms influencing viewing preference have received little attention. To determine how face categories influence viewing preference in humans and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), we performed two eye-tracking experiments using a visual preference task whereby pairs of faces from different species were presented simultaneously. The results indicated that viewing time was significantly influenced by the pairing of the face categories. Humans showed a strong bias towards an own-race face in an Asian–Caucasian condition. Rhesus macaques directed more attention towards non-human primate faces when they were paired with human faces, regardless of the species. When rhesus faces were paired with faces from Barbary macaques
(Macaca sylvanus) or chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), the novel species’ faces attracted more attention. These results
indicate that monkeys’ viewing preferences, as assessed by a visual preference task, are modulated by several factors,
species and dominance being the most influential
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