150 research outputs found
Nonlinear Elasticity in Biological Gels
Unlike most synthetic materials, biological materials often stiffen as they
are deformed. This nonlinear elastic response, critical for the physiological
function of some tissues, has been documented since at least the 19th century,
but the molecular structure and the design principles responsible for it are
unknown. Current models for this response require geometrically complex ordered
structures unique to each material. In this Article we show that a much simpler
molecular theory accounts for strain stiffening in a wide range of molecularly
distinct biopolymer gels formed from purified cytoskeletal and extracellular
proteins. This theory shows that systems of semi-flexible chains such as
filamentous proteins arranged in an open crosslinked meshwork invariably
stiffen at low strains without the need for a specific architecture or multiple
elements with different intrinsic stiffnesses.Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Natur
Region of hadron-quark mixed phase in hybrid stars
Hadron--quark mixed phase is expected in a wide region of the inner structure
of hybrid stars. However, we show that the hadron--quark mixed phase should be
restricted to a narrower region to because of the charge screening effect. The
narrow region of the mixed phase seems to explain physical phenomena of neutron
stars such as the strong magnetic field and glitch phenomena, and it would give
a new cooling curve for the neutron star.Comment: to be published in Physical Review
Co-morbidity and polypharmacy in Parkinson's Disease:insights from a large Scottish primary care database
Background: Parkinson’s disease is complicated by comorbidity and polypharmacy, but the extent and patterns of
these are unclear. We describe comorbidity and polypharmacy in patients with and without Parkinson’s disease
across 31 other physical, and seven mental health conditions.
Methods: We analysed primary health-care data on 510,502 adults aged 55 and over. We generated standardised
prevalence rates by age-groups, gender, and neighbourhood deprivation, then calculated age, sex and deprivation
adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for those with PD compared to those without, for
the prevalence, and number of conditions.
Results: Two thousand six hundred forty (0.5%) had Parkinson’s disease, of whom only 7.4% had no other conditions
compared with 22.9% of controls (adjusted OR [aOR] 0.43, 95% 0.38–0.49). The Parkinson’s group had more conditions,
with the biggest difference found for seven or more conditions (PD 12.1% vs. controls 3.9%; aOR 2.08 95% CI 1.84–2.35).
12 of the 31 physical conditions and five of the seven mental health conditions were significantly more prevalent in the
PD group. 44.5% with Parkinson’s disease were on five to nine repeat prescriptions compared to 24.5% of controls (aOR
1.40; 95% CI 1.28 to 1.53) and 19.2% on ten or more compared to 6.2% of controls (aOR 1.90; 95% CI 1.68 to 2.15).
Conclusions: Parkinson’s disease is associated with substantial physical and mental co-morbidity. Polypharmacy is also a
significant issue due to the complex nature of the disease and associated treatments
A Qualified Kolmogorovian Account of Probabilistic Contextuality
We describe a mathematical language for determining all possible patterns of
contextuality in the dependence of stochastic outputs of a system on its
deterministic inputs. The central notion is that of all possible couplings for
stochastically unrelated outputs indexed by mutually incompatible values of
inputs. A system is characterized by a pattern of which outputs can be
"directly influenced" by which inputs (a primitive relation, hypothetical or
normative), and by certain constraints imposed on the outputs (such as
Bell-type inequalities or their quantum analogues). The set of couplings
compatible with these constraints represents a form of contextuality in the
dependence of outputs on inputs with respect to the declared pattern of direct
influences.Comment: Lecture Notes in Computer Science 8369, 201-212 (2014
Photobacterium profundum under Pressure:A MS-Based Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics Study
Photobacterium profundum SS9 is a Gram-negative bacterium, originally collected from the Sulu Sea. Its genome consists of two chromosomes and a 80 kb plasmid. Although it can grow under a wide range of pressures, P. profundum grows optimally at 28 MPa and 15°C. Its ability to grow at atmospheric pressure allows for both easy genetic manipulation and culture, making it a model organism to study piezophily. Here, we report a shotgun proteomic analysis of P. profundum grown at atmospheric compared to high pressure using label-free quantitation and mass spectrometry analysis. We have identified differentially expressed proteins involved in high pressure adaptation, which have been previously reported using other methods. Proteins involved in key metabolic pathways were also identified as being differentially expressed. Proteins involved in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway were up-regulated at high pressure. Conversely, several proteins involved in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway were up-regulated at atmospheric pressure. Some of the proteins that were differentially identified are regulated directly in response to the physical impact of pressure. The expression of some proteins involved in nutrient transport or assimilation, are likely to be directly regulated by pressure. In a natural environment, different hydrostatic pressures represent distinct ecosystems with their own particular nutrient limitations and abundances. However, the only variable considered in this study was atmospheric pressure
Prediction of Peptide Reactivity with Human IVIg through a Knowledge-Based Approach
The prediction of antibody-protein (antigen) interactions is very difficult due to the huge variability that characterizes the structure of the antibodies. The region of the antigen bound to the antibodies is called epitope. Experimental data indicate that many antibodies react with a panel of distinct epitopes (positive reaction). The Challenge 1 of DREAM5 aims at understanding whether there exists rules for predicting the reactivity of a peptide/epitope, i.e., its capability to bind to human antibodies. DREAM 5 provided a training set of peptides with experimentally identified high and low reactivities to human antibodies. On the basis of this training set, the participants to the challenge were asked to develop a predictive model of reactivity. A test set was then provided to evaluate the performance of the model implemented so far
A Strategic Thinking of the Issues in Cost Management of FB Real Estate Company
摘要 论文结合FB房地产公司开发项目遇到的主要问题:如何选择项目开发的成本管理战略以获取成本竞争优势?成本管理效果不佳的问题:如成本核算数据不准确不能及时反映项目产品的成本状况、项目开发预算与实际支出差异大、产品的成本与利润不清楚、项目间成本不可比、成本管理不能及时对市场变化进行调整和企业利润被侵蚀的成本失控问题如何解决?怎么对异地项目开发进行成本控制及风险管理?怎样创新管理针对房地产成本管理的疑难问题展开战略分析研究,通过对解决问题的相关因素分析得出解决方案,在某项目开发中进行应用取得成功以验证其可行性。 论文以某项目开发针对成本管理中存在的疑难问题,以企业成本战略管理方法的“五力分析法...Abstract This article is mainly focused on the following topics of FB Real Estate Company: how to obtain the competitive advantage of project management by carrying on effective cost management strategies? How to change the situation of ineffective cost management, such as the data can't reflect the cost of the project accurately and there is a huge gap between the project's budget and actual...学位:工商管理硕士院系专业:管理学院高级经理教育中心(EMBA项目)_高级管理人员工商管理硕士(EMBA)学号:X200715612
Preparation and Characterization of SBA-15 Supported Cobalt–Molybdenum Sulfide Catalysts for HDS Reaction: An All Sulfide Route to Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts
Nothing Lasts Forever: Environmental Discourses on the Collapse of Past Societies
The study of the collapse of past societies raises many questions for the theory and practice of archaeology. Interest in collapse extends as well into the natural sciences and environmental and sustainability policy. Despite a range of approaches to collapse, the predominant paradigm is environmental collapse, which I argue obscures recognition of the dynamic role of social processes that lie at the heart of human communities. These environmental discourses, together with confusion over terminology and the concepts of collapse, have created widespread aporia about collapse and resulted in the creation of mixed messages about complex historical and social processes
Spatial and Temporal Hydrochemical Variation of a Third Order River Network in a Quasi Pristine Coastal Watershed, at Southern Bahia, Brazil
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