466 research outputs found
Carbon nanotube and graphene fiber artificial muscles
Actuator materials capable of producing a rotational or tensile motion are rare and, yet, rotary systems are extensively utilized in mechanical systems like electric motors, pumps, turbines and compressors. Rotating elements of such machines can be rather complex and, therefore, difficult to miniaturize. Rotating action at the microscale, or even nanoscale, would benefit from the direct generation of torsion from an actuator material. Herein we discuss the advantages of using carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns and/or graphene (G) fibers as novel artificial muscles that have the ability to be driven by the electrochemical charging of helically wound multiwall carbon nanotubes or graphene fibers as well as elements in the ambient environment such as moisture to generate such rotational action. The torsional strain, torque, speed and lifetime have been evaluated under various electrochemical conditions to provide insight into the actuation mechanism and performance. Here the most recent advances in artificial muscles based on sheath-run artificial muscles (SRAMs) are reviewed. Finally, the rotating motion of the CNT yarn actuator and the humidity-responsive twisted graphene fibers have been coupled to a mixer for use in a prototype microfluidic system, moisture management and a humidity switch respectively
Nanofibers-based piezoelectric energy harvester for self-powered wearable technologies
The demands for wearable technologies continue to grow and novel approaches for powering these devices are being enabled by the advent of new energy materials and novel manufacturing strategies. In addition, decreasing the energy consumption of portable electronic devices has created a huge demand for the development of cost-effective and environment friendly alternate energy sources. Energy harvesting materials including piezoelectric polymer with its special properties make this demand possible. Herein, we develop a flexible and lightweight nanogenerator package based on polyvinyledene fluoride (PVDF)/LiCl electrospun nanofibers. The piezoelectric performance of the developed nanogenator is investigated to evaluate effect of the thickness of the as-spun mat on the output voltage using a vibration and impact test. It is found that the output voltage increases from 1.3 V to 5 V by adding LiCl as additive into the spinning solution compared with pure PVDF. The prepared PVDF/LiCl nanogenerator is able to generate voltage and current output of 3 V and 0.5 µA with a power density output of 0.3 µW cm−2 at the frequency of 200 Hz. It is found also that the developed nanogenerator can be utilized as a sensor to measure temperature changes from 30◦C to 90◦C under static pressure. The developed electrospun temperature sensor showed sensitivity of 0.16%/◦C under 100 Pa pressure and 0.06%/◦C under 220 Pa pressure. The obtained results suggested the developed energy harvesting textiles have promising applications for various wearable self-powered electrical devices and systems
Fast high fidelity quantum non-demolition qubit readout via a non-perturbative cross-Kerr coupling
Qubit readout is an indispensable element of any quantum information
processor. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate a non-perturbative
cross-Kerr coupling between a transmon and a polariton mode which enables an
improved quantum non-demolition (QND) readout for superconducting qubits. The
new mechanism uses the same experimental techniques as the standard QND qubit
readout in the dispersive approximation, but due to its non-perturbative
nature, it maximizes the speed, the single-shot fidelity and the QND properties
of the readout. In addition, it minimizes the effect of unwanted decay channels
such as the Purcell effect. We observed a single-shot readout fidelity of 97.4%
for short 50 ns pulses, and we quantified a QND-ness of 99% for long
measurement pulses with repeated single-shot readouts
Automatic Frame Selection Using MLP Neural Network in Ultrasound Elastography
Ultrasound elastography estimates the mechanical properties of the tissue
from two Radio-Frequency (RF) frames collected before and after tissue
deformation due to an external or internal force. This work focuses on strain
imaging in quasi-static elastography, where the tissue undergoes slow
deformations and strain images are estimated as a surrogate for elasticity
modulus. The quality of the strain image depends heavily on the underlying
deformation, and even the best strain estimation algorithms cannot estimate a
good strain image if the underlying deformation is not suitable. Herein, we
introduce a new method for tracking the RF frames and selecting automatically
the best possible pair. We achieve this by decomposing the axial displacement
image into a linear combination of principal components (which are calculated
offline) multiplied by their corresponding weights. We then use the calculated
weights as the input feature vector to a multi-layer perceptron (MLP)
classifier. The output is a binary decision, either 1 which refers to good
frames, or 0 which refers to bad frames. Our MLP model is trained on in-vivo
dataset and tested on different datasets of both in-vivo and phantom data.
Results show that by using our technique, we would be able to achieve higher
quality strain images compared to the traditional methods of picking up pairs
that are 1, 2 or 3 frames apart. The training phase of our algorithm is
computationally expensive and takes few hours, but it is only done once. The
testing phase chooses the optimal pair of frames in only 1.9 ms
Study of one class boundary method classifiers for application in a video-based fall detection system
In this paper, we introduce a video-based robust fall detection system for monitoring an elderly person in a smart room environment. Video features, namely the centroid and orientation of a voxel person, are extracted. The boundary method, which is an example one class classification technique, is then used to determine whether the incoming features lie in the ‘fall region’ of the feature space, and thereby effectively distinguishing a fall from other activities, such as walking, sitting, standing, crouching or lying. Four different types of boundary methods, k-center, k-th nearest neighbor, one class support vector machine and single class minimax probability machine are assessed on representative test datasets. The comparison is made on the following three aspects: 1). True positive rate, false positive rate and geometric means in detection 2). Robustness to noise in the training dataset 3). The computational time for the test phase. From the comparison results, we show that the single class minimax probability machine achieves the best overall performance. By applying one class classification techniques with 3-d features, we can obtain a more efficient fall detection system with acceptable performance, as shown in the experimental part; besides, it can avoid the drawbacks of other traditional fall detection methods
Qubit readout using in-situ bifurcation of a nonlinear dissipative polariton in the mesoscopic regime
We explore the nonlinear response to a strong drive of polaritonic meters for
superconducting qubit state readout. The two polaritonic meters result from the
strong hybridization between a bosonic mode of a 3D microwave cavity and an
anharmonic ancilla mode of the superconducting circuit. Both polaritons inherit
a self-Kerr nonlinearity , and decay rate from the ancilla and
cavity, respectively. They are coupled to a transmon qubit via a
non-perturbative cross-Kerr coupling resulting in a large cavity pull . By applying magnitic flux, the ancilla mode frequency varies
modifying the hybridization conditions and thus the properties of the readout
polariton modes. Using this, the hybridisation is tuned in the mesoscopic
regime of the non-linear dissipative polariton where the self-Kerr and decay
rates of one polariton are similar leading to bistability and
bifurcation behavior at small photon number. This bistability and bifurcation
behavior depends on the qubit state and we report qubit state readout in a
latching-like manner thanks to the bifurcation of the upper polariton. Without
any external quantum-limited amplifier, we obtain a single-shot fidelity of
in a ns integration time
Image-based pore-scale modelling of the effect of wettability on breakthrough capillary pressure in gas diffusion layers
Wettability design is of crucial importance for the optimization of multiphase flow behaviour in gas diffusion layers (GDLs) in fuel cells. The accumulation of electrochemically-generated water in the GDLs will impact fuel cell performance. Hence, it is necessary to understand multiphase displacement to design optimal pore structures and wettability to allow the rapid flow of gases and water in GDLs over a wide saturation range. This work uses high-resolution in situ three-dimensional X-ray imaging combined with a pore network model to investigate the breakthrough capillary pressure and water saturation in GDLs manufactured with different mass fractions of polytetrafluoroethylene coating: 5, 20, 40, and 60%, making them more hydrophobic. We first demonstrate that the pore network extraction method provides representative networks for the fibrous porous media examined. Then, using a pore-network flow model we simulate water invasion into initially gas-filled fibrous media, and analyze the effect of wettability on breakthrough capillary pressure and water saturation. With an appropriate pore-scale characterization of wettability, a pore network model can match experimental results and predict displacement behaviour
Genetic susceptibility loci for cardiovascular disease and their impact on atherosclerotic plaques
Background:
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease in part caused by lipid uptake in the vascular wall, but the exact underlying mechanisms leading to acute myocardial infarction and stroke remain poorly understood. Large consortia identified genetic susceptibility loci that associate with large artery ischemic stroke and coronary artery disease. However, deciphering their underlying mechanisms are challenging. Histological studies identified destabilizing characteristics in human atherosclerotic plaques that associate with clinical outcome. To what extent established susceptibility loci for large artery ischemic stroke and coronary artery disease relate to plaque characteristics is thus far unknown but may point to novel mechanisms.
Methods:
We studied the associations of 61 established cardiovascular risk loci with 7 histological plaque characteristics assessed in 1443 carotid plaque specimens from the Athero-Express Biobank Study. We also assessed if the genotyped cardiovascular risk loci impact the tissue-specific gene expression in 2 independent biobanks, Biobank of Karolinska Endarterectomy and Stockholm Atherosclerosis Gene Expression.
Results:
A total of 21 established risk variants (out of 61) nominally associated to a plaque characteristic. One variant (rs12539895, risk allele A) at 7q22 associated to a reduction of intraplaque fat, P=5.09×10−6 after correction for multiple testing. We further characterized this 7q22 Locus and show tissue-specific effects of rs12539895 on HBP1 expression in plaques and COG5 expression in whole blood and provide data from public resources showing an association with decreased LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and increase HDL (high-density lipoprotein) in the blood.
Conclusions:
Our study supports the view that cardiovascular susceptibility loci may exert their effect by influencing the atherosclerotic plaque characteristics
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