Enhanced material models for the process design of the temperature dependent forming behavior of metastable steels

In this paper, the main parameters for the process design of thermo active deep drawing processes with metastable steels are specified. As a consequence of the strain- and temperature-dependent martensitic phase transformation, the CrNi-steels have a very complex forming and failure behavior. Particularly, the strong heating of the blank, induced by the hardening increase, influences the yield properties, the failure and the tribological system. Hence, a robust process design with FEM is subordinated to the correct virtual description of these process parameters. Both, experimental methods for an accurate measurement of the forming, friction and failure properties, as well as numerical models were introduced in this study. Using these models, temperature dependent parameters like phase transformation from γ-austenite to α′-martensite, yield properties, failure or friction can be easily included into the virtual process modeling. The model was successfully validated by biaxial stretching tests and rectangular cups, drawn at different tool temperature

Ethiopia Geographic Base Map : Change in Forest Cover 2000-2015

Based on data presented by Hansen forest cover loss and gain was aggregated by a factor of 8 to enhance visibility of site specific trends (30 m source data pix els). Forest gain was defined as the invers of loss, or the establishment of tree canopy from a non forest state. Changes in forest cover affect the delivery of important ecosystem services, including biodiversity richness, climate regulation, carbon storage, and water supplies

Artisanal and small scale mining in Mongolia: Statistical overview based on survey data by suom 2012

Atomic-level visualization of the intercalation of layered materials, such as metal chalcogenides, is of paramount importance in the development of high-performance batteries. In situ images of the dynamic intercalation of Li ions into MoS₂ single-crystal electrodes were acquired for the first time, under potential control, with the use of a technique combining laser confocal microscopy with differential interference microscopy. Intercalation proceeded via a distinct phase separation of lithiated and delithiated regions. The process started at the atomic steps of the first layer beneath the selvedge and progressed in a layer-by-layer fashion. The intercalated regions consisted of Li-ion channels into which the newly inserted Li ions were pushed atom-by-atom. Interlayer diffusion of Li ions was not observed. Deintercalation was also clearly imaged and was found to transpire in a layer-by-layer mode. The intercalation and deintercalation processes were chemically reversible and can be repeated many times within a few atomic layers. Extensive intercalation of Li ions disrupted the atomically flat surface of MoS₂ because of the formation of small lithiated domains that peeled off from the surface of the crystal. The current–potential curves of the intercalation and deintercalation processes were independent of the scan rate, thereby suggesting that the rate-determining step was not governed by Butler–Volmer kinetics

Ethiopia Geographic Base Map: WLRC Land Use/Land Cover 2016 (Overview Map Series) Scale: 1:250,000

The main methodological approach implemented to map the complex landscapes of Ethiopia at the required scales for the MapServer series was the majority and minority concept of landscape segregation that translated into the HICU-based mapping (Homogenous Image Classification Units). The employ ment of such an ‘exclusion-based’ approach (e.g. sub-setting of the Landsat imagery and gradually reducing the minorities/majorities) can be considered as a breakthrough in deriving important land cover information in heterogeneous landscapes, such as the rainfed agricultural area of Ethiopia. Nevertheless, the final land cover was mapped using an approach that combined the automated HICU approach with expert knowledge and visual delimination of units. This approach made it possible to distinguish cultivated land from other land use or land cover classes. Unsurprisingly, the actual amount of cultivated land is considerably larger than that indicated by official statistics in use since the mid-1980s, when the rural population was half its current size. The team also mapped large-scale land use sy stems, inclusive of any foreign direct investments. Results of the study show there has been a considerable expansion and intensification of farming in the past three decades, unfortunately leading to more soil erosion

Monitoring mountains in a changing world: new horizons for the Global Network for Observations and Information on Mountain Environments (GEO-GNOME)

Mountains are globally distributed environments that provide significant societal benefits, a function that is increasingly compromised by climatic change, environmental stress, political and socioeconomic transformations, and unsustainable use of natural resources. Gaps in our understanding of these processes and their interactions limit our capacity to inform decisions, where both generalities of mountain regions (eg climate processes) and specificities (eg context-specific manifestations of climate risks) matter. The Global Network for Observations and Information on Mountain Environments (GEO-GNOME), a Group on Earth Observations initiative, aims to fill these gaps through accessible Earth Observation (EO) as well as in-situ data and information on global change drivers, conditions, and trends. A workshop convened by the Mountain Research Initiative (MRI) revised GEO-GNOME's work plan, galvanizing a network that promotes relevant monitoring of global change in mountains and is responsive to the integrated knowledge needs of policy, research, and management

E201 ESAPP Project Report 2004

Annual project report. Project description, budget, impact, achievement of objectives and outputs, and appraisal by Management Team

GIS-Karte des Südsudans gewinnt Kartografie-Preis

Eine vom Centre for Develpment and Environment (CDE) der Universität Bern gestaltete Karte der südsudanesischen Region East Equatoria hat den „New Mapmaker Award 2009“ gewonnen. Der Preis wird gemeinsam von der britischen Kartografiegesellschaft und der amerikanischen National Geographic Society vergeben. Die im Rahmen eines Capacity-Development- Programms für Geoinformationsmanagement entworfene Karte wurde vollumfänglich in ArcMap aufgebaut, ohne Einsatz von Graphiksoftware