11 research outputs found
REVITALISATION OF THE AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE, ON THE ISLAND OF KORČULA – Cay study municipality Blato
Cultural landscapes of the Mediterranean should become one among the bearers of the regional and national identity and in this way give their contribution to tourism and economic progress because of their recognizability and rarity. Since the importance of these landscapes is not currently recognized and designated the aim of this paper, containing the Blato example, on the island of Korčula, is to defi ne a procedure and a possibility of their protection and revitalization. This site is selected due to its natural, cultural and structural diversity, the revitalization of which one can realize, i.e. restore the landscape of an outstanding value. Apart from revitalization of the landscape and the landscape diversity, agriculture can manifest itself as something visually attractive what is positively refl ected in the potential of further tourism development on the island
Cultural landscape evaluation and possibilities for future development – a case study of the island of Krk (Croatia)
Agricultural landscapes that resulted from many centuries of traditional agricultural cultivation are an important part of the cultural heritage in the European Mediterranean areas. Since a systematic study in the Republic of Croatia aimed at inventarisation and protection of cultural landscapes has not been carried out yet, the main purpose of this paper was to, based on a case study that took place on the island of Krk, show the method of agricultural landscape evaluation and possibilities for future development and protection of outstanding agricultural landscapes. The evaluation of all 12 identified agricultural landscape types was conducted and six of them were singled out as outstanding cultural landscapes. Possible structural changes of those landscapes were considered and a proposal for a strategy of the preservation of the valuable landscape heritage on the island of Krk has been formulated. It was concluded that for field landscapes, the preservation is possible through agricultural production modernization. Those outstanding agricultural landscapes that are not profitable, but have a great cultural and historical value, should be maintained through regular procedures for cultural monuments with 100% subsidy
THE TYPOLOGY OF THE AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF DUBROVAČKO PRIMORJE AS A BASIS FOR DIRECTING DEVELOPMENT
Napuštanje seoskih sredina Dubrovačkog primorja tijekom posljednjih pedesetak godina odrazilo se na njegove prostorne karakteristike i identitet, obilježavajući ga kao predio s izraženim procesom zapuštanja poljoprivrednih površina. Cilj rada je, na osnovi inventarizacije i analize prostora Dubrovačkog primorja, odrediti tipove krajobraza, te utvrditi potencijalne prostorne kvalitete.
Podjela krajobraza na prirodne (obala, krajobraz kamenjara, krajobraz makije) i kulturne (naselja, poljoprivredni kulturni krajobraz) proizlazi iz prirodnih i društvenih obilježja prostora. Istraživanje je pokazalo zanimljive karakteristike samoga poljoprivrednog krajobraza kao izražajnog prostornog elementa. Njegova podjela izvršena je s obzirom na formu, koja je rezultat namjene i prirodnih obilježja prostora. Tako su izdvojeni krajobrazi polja s raznolikom pravilnom i nepravilnom parcelacijom, krajobrazi suhozida organskih i poligonalnih formi, te krajobrazi terasa različito dimenzioniranih omjera. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da se na ovom prostoru nalaze zanimljivi i raznoliki tipovi krajobraza, koji svojom artikulacijom čine zanimljivu prostornu sliku s izražajnom dinamikom. Osim prirodnih, i kulturni krajobrazi se mogu podijeliti na one koji imaju tendenciju širenja i na one koji nestaju kao posljedica trenutnih ekonomsko-gospodarskih trendova. Identifi kacija tipova krajobraza može biti preduvjet za odredbu razvojnih kriterija prostora u budućnosti.Abandonment of rural areas in Dubrovačko Primorje in the last 50 years resulted with changes of its spatial characteristics and identity. This process defi ned this place as a virtually derelict area. The main goal of this work is to determine landscape types based upon survey and spatial analyses. They can be helpful in a process of determination of spatial qualities. Landscape division was made according to the natural and anthropogenic features of this area. Therefore, landscape was divided on natural (coast, karst terrain and landscapes of the macchia) and cultural (settlement and agriculture)
landscapes. Working methods consisted of several research stages. The fi rst stage comprised a review of relevant literature concerning natural and sociological features of the explored area. Working methods of prof. dr. Marušič were inspiration for evolvement of this research [16]. The next stage of research was the fi eld work by means of observation method which resulted in detailed photo documentation, showing different types of the agricultural landscapes. Indoor work consisted of the orthophoto production, which was a base for further exploration. Consequently, detailed map
of the land use, as well as an agricultural map of the area was made according to the structural husbandry character. Digital mapping of the thematical maps in GIS – Arc View software program, produced a database of social and natural elements of the area. Overlapping of all these maps helped in determination of causal processes. Comparison of these outcomes with terrain photo documentation led to the research results and fi nal conclusions. This research showed interesting structural features of agricultural landscapes. Its division was made according to its form which emerged from the land use and its natural character. Consequently, agricultural landscapes are divided into fi elds (with regular parcels and those with irregular land division), dry stone walls with organic and polygonal forms and terraced landscapes in different scales and dimensions. Results pointed to many interesting and various landscape types which are articulating with different spatial elements, thus making an overall landscape picture more complex. This spatial variety is giving an identity to this space which is based upon tense spatial dynamics. Exploration has also shown developing tendencies of different landscape types. Future development will certainly cause completely different landscape scenery, therefore there remains a legitimate
reason for controlled development. Main developing strategies are based on tourism and agricultural development. Since tourism is a more aggressive element in this system its further development has to be better supervised in order to achieve their balanced coexistence. Tourism and its spatial distribution must be more dispersed, as it is currently concentrated alongside a particularly sensitive natural coastal area
Die Wahrnehmung von Grundmerkmalen öffentlicher Plätze in Wohnsiedlungen. Fallbeispiele Zagreb und Velika Gorica
Otvoreni prostori višestambene izgradnje neposredan su prostor
boravka stanovnika stambenih naselja u vanjskom prostoru. Kako
su oni često predmet nezadovoljstva i kritika samih stanovnika,
ali i stručnjaka koji sudjeluju u njihovu oblikovanju i planiranju,
ovim se radom pokušalo utvrditi krajobrazne vrijednosti i parametre
koji djeluju na njihovu privlačnost. S tim ciljem provedeno
je istraživanje na osnovi promatranja te anketa s pridruženom
ljestvicom semantičkoga diferencijala. Postupak semantičkoga
diferencijala temelji se na procjeni vizualno-estetskih kvaliteta
prostora kojima se prati doživljavanje i emotivne reakcije ispitanika.
Analizom dobivenih rezultata utvrđeni su neki elementi
poželjnih prostornih i strukturnih odnosa koji djeluju na kvalitetu
doživljavanja otvorenih prostora višestambene izgradnje, a koji
mogu poslužiti kao smjernice i kriteriji u njihovu oblikovanju.Open spaces associated with the architecture in housing
settlements are spaces of stay and leisure used by the
dwellers living outside of the areas of residential complexes.
Since these are quite often the subject of dissatisfaction and
criticism of its residents and are also being exposed to
critiques written by experts taking part in the process of their
design and planning, this paper represents an attempt at
identifying the landscape values, and the parameters
affecting its environmental attractiveness. The research is
carried out striving for a goal based upon observation, as
well as on an opinion survey measuring people’s attitudes
with the pertaining scale of semantic differential (SD). The
procedure of a semantic differential is based on visual and
aesthetic qualities of the space, in terms of monitoring experience, perception and emotional reactions of the
interviewed respondents. Data processing obtained in such a
way has established some of the elements of desirable
spatial and structural relations which influence the quality of
experiencing open spaces associated with housing
architecture, which can be implemented as guidelines and
criteria in their design.Öffentliche Plätze in Wohnsiedlungen stellen für die
Anwohner das unmittelbare Umfeld dar, innerhalb dessen sie
sich unter freiem Himmel aufhalten und bewegen können.
Da sie oft Anlass geben zur Unzufriedenheit und Kritik
sowohl von Anwohnern als auch von Experten, in deren
Aufgabenbereich die Planung und Gestaltung öffentlicher
Räume fällt, wollte man mit dieser Studie versuchen, den
landschaftlichen Wert dieser Plätze sowie die ihre
Anziehungskraft bestimmenden Parameter zu ermitteln. Zu
diesem Zweck wurde eine Beobachtungsuntersuchung
durchgeführt sowie eine Umfrage mit beigefügtem
semantischem Differential. Das Verfahren des semantischen
Differentials gründet auf einer Einschätzung der visuellästhetischen
Eigenschaften eines „öffentlichen” Raumes,
anhand deren die Wahrnehmung und gefühlsmäßigen
Reaktionen seitens der Probanden mitverfolgt werden. Durch
Bearbeitung und Vergleich der gewonnenen Angaben
wurden bestimmte Eigenschaften ermittelt, die in struktureller
und gestalterischer Hinsicht in öffentlichen Räumen vertreten
sein sollten, da sie Einfluss haben auf die Art und Weise, wie
öffentliche Plätze in Wohnsiedlungen wahrgenommen
werden, und daher als Richtlinien und Kriterien bei der
öffentlichen Raumgestaltung dienen können
Kulturlandschaft und Gesetzgebung. Die Verhältnisse in Kroatien
Hrvatska baštini mnoge i raznolike kulturne krajobraze, no
svijest o njihovu postojanju vrlo je niska. Krajobrazi su
prepušteni razvojnoj sukcesiji, gubljenju identiteta,
neprikladnoj sanaciji i degradaciji. Pridruživanje Europskoj
uniji obvezuje nas da na tom području uspostavimo
učinkovitu provedbu i mjere njihove zaštite. Analizirana su
važnija europska i domaća istraživanja o temi kulturnih
krajobraza te relevantni zakonski dokumenti i međunarodne
konvencije. Usporedbom stranih i domaćih iskustava
analizira se efikasnost naših zakonskih propisa s područja
kulturnih krajobraza i krajobraza općenito, primjena njihove
zaštite te razina svijesti o njihovim vrijednostima. Upozorava
se na nepostojanje temeljnoga dokumenta koji bi se bavio
sustavnom zaštitom krajobraza uopće, unatoč potpisivanju
Konvencije o europskim krajobrazima. Smjernice za
očuvanje kulturnih krajobraza, koje su dane u više
nacionalnih strategija i zakonskih akata u zadnjem
desetljeću, nisu zaživjele niti su se primjenjivale. U odnosu
na Hrvatsku, većina europskih zemalja ima zavidno
razvijenije sustave zaštite kulturnih krajobraza. U mnogim
državama izrađeni su nacionalni i regionalni atlasi kulturnih
krajobraza, prisutan je snažan trend uključivanja korisnika
prostora u njihovo upravljanje.Croatia has many diverse cultural landscapes, but awareness
of their existence is very low. Landscapes are given over to
developmental succession, loss of identity, unsuitable repair
and degradation. Joining the European Union commits us to
establishing effective implementation and measures of
protection. Major European and local research on the topic
of cultural landscapes was analyzed in the paper, as well as
relevant legal documents and international conventions. By
comparing foreign and local experience, the effectiveness of
our legislation in the field of cultural landscape and
landscape in general, the use of their protection, and
awareness of their values is analyzed. The analysis indicates
an absence of a basic document that would deal with the
systematic protection of landscape overall, despite the
signing of the Convention on European Landscapes.
Guidelines for the preservation of cultural landscapes, which
were outlined in several national strategies and legal acts in
the last decade, have not taken hold nor have they been
applied. In comparison to Croatia, most European countries
have enviously more developed systems of protection of
cultural landscapes. National and regional atlases of cultural
landscapes have been made, and there is a strong trend of
user involvement in the management of the areas.Kroatien hat ein großes Spektrum verschiedenartiger
Kulturlandschaften vorzuweisen, doch ist diese Tatsache im
öffentlichen Bewusstsein kaum präsent. Leider sind besagte
Landschaften dem willkürlichen Ablauf verschiedenster
Eingriffe überlassen und zeichnen sich durch Identitätsverlust,
unangemessene Sanierungsformen und Degradierung aus.
Der bevorstehende EU-Beitritt Kroatiens verpflichtet jedoch zu
entsprechenden Schutzmaßnahmen und ihrer effizienten
Umsetzung. Die Verfasser analysieren in ihrem Text
verschiedene relevante Forschungsarbeiten zum Thema Kulturlandschaften, die in Europa und Kroatien durchgeführt
wurden, sowie relevante Rechtsgrundlagen und
internationale Konventionen. Anhand eines Vergleichs inund
ausländischer Erfahrungen wird die Effizienz kroatischer
Rechtsvorschriften im Bereich des Naturraums generell sowie
bezüglich Kulturlandschaften im Besonderen geprüft;
Schutzmaßnahmen und ihre Umsetzung werden analysiert
und ihr Stellenwert im öffentlichen Bewusstsein
nachvollzogen. Die Autoren verweisen darauf, dass – trotz
der Unterzeichnung der Europäischen Landschaftskonvention
– die Erstellung eines Grundsatzdokuments, das sich
systematisch mit dem Landschaftsschutz befasste, in Kroatien
immer noch aussteht. Richtlinien zum Schutz von
Kulturlandschaften, die im Laufe des vergangenen Jahrzehnts
in verschiedenen nationalstrategischen und rechtlichen
Dokumenten verankert wurden, werden bislang immer noch
nicht befolgt. Im Unterschied zu Kroatien verfügen die
meisten europäischen Staaten über sehr gut ausgestattete
Landschaftsschutzprogramme. In vielen Ländern wurden
nationale und regionale Kartenwerke mit Übersichten
einheimischer Kulturlandschaften erarbeitet; auch ist ein
starker Trend zu beobachten, die Nutzer selbst der
Landschaften in die Verwaltung des Naturraums
einzubinden
REVITALIZACIJA KRAJOBRAZA NA KORČULI - Cay study Općina Blato
Cultural landscapes of the Mediterranean should become one among the bearers of the regional and national identity and in this way give their contribution to tourism and economic progress because of their recognizability and rarity. Since the importance of these landscapes is not currently recognized and designated the aim of this paper, containing the Blato example, on the island of Korčula, is to defi ne a procedure and a possibility of their protection and revitalization.
This site is selected due to its natural, cultural and structural diversity, the revitalization of which one can realize, i.e. restore the landscape of an outstanding value. Apart from revitalization of the landscape and the landscape diversity, agriculture can manifest itself as something visually attractive what is positively refl ected in the potential of further tourism development on the island.Karakterističnost Mediterana je zahtijevala specifi čnu obradu tla čime su se kroz godine generirali kulturni krajobrazi visoke strukturne vrijednosti. Danas, nakon više desetljeća ekonomskih i društvenih preokreta, ovakvi prostori postepeno nestaju. Zbog svoje prepoznatljivosti i rijetkosti kulturni krajobrazi Mediterana bi trebali biti jedan od nosioca regionalnog i nacionalnog identiteta i time doprinositi turističkom i gospodarskom napretku. S obzirom da važnost takvih krajobraza danas nije prepoznata i obilježena, cilj ovog rada je na primjeru Blata na otoku Korčula, utvrditi postupak i mogućnost njihove zaštite i revitalizacije. Ova lokacija je odabrana zbog svoje prirodne, kulturne i strukturne raznolikosti, čijom revitalizacijom se može ostvariti odnosno vratiti krajobraz iznimne
vrijednosti. Da bi se došlo do rezultata prvo je bilo potrebno detaljno inventarizirani i valorizirati osobine prostora (geomorfološke,
strukturne, itd.) kako bi se stvorila baza podataka. Potom su defi nirane potencijalne poljoprivredne djelatnosti te izrađeni modela privlačnosti koji defi niraju optimalne prostore za produktivno privređivanje tih djelatnosti. Usporedno su razmatrane i karakteristike prostora koje bi bile ranjive na eventualne buduće intervencije. Te su vrijednosti združene u zaštitni model. Preklapanjem razvojnih i zaštitnih aspekata (modela privlačnosti i modela ranjivosti) predloženo je nekoliko alternativnih rješenja. Vrednovanjem alternativa odabran je optimalni model - model pogodnosti. U njemu su prikazani prostori pogodni za organizaciju poljoprivredne proizvodnje i to na način da se štite kulturne i prirodne vrijednosti tog prostora doprinoseći stvaranju identiteta i vraćanja prepoznatljivosti. Na ovaj način se osim revitalizacije krajobraza i krajobrazne raznolikosti, poljoprivreda manifestira kao nešto vizualno atraktivno što se pozitivno odražava i potencijal
daljnjeg turističkog razvoja na otoku
Krajobrazna arhitektica Branka Aničić : izbor radova
Izložba Krajobrazne arhitektice, prof.emerite Branke Aniči
Krajobrazna arhitektica Branka Aničić : izbor radova
Izložba Krajobrazne arhitektice, prof.emerite Branke Aniči
Structural Vocabulary of Cultural Landscape on the Island of Krk
V okviru raziskovanja kulturne krajine v Republiki Hrvaški gre posebno mesto območju Mediterana, na katerem je še najti, zvečine ogrožene, ostanke vredne kulturne krajine, ki se je izoblikovala pod vplivom podnebnih in talnih razmer na eni kot dolgotrajne svojevrstne kmetijske dejavnosti na drugi strani. Označujejo jo posebne strukture, zavoljo katerih ta kulturna krajina pomeni vredno kulturno dediščino in je hkrati tudi prvina nacionalne prepoznavnosti. Otok Krk v tem pogledu zbuja posebno pozornost, saj se je tu razvila raznovrstna tipologija vredne kulturne krajine. Ta prispevek je rezultat raziskav njenega strukturnega slovarja z namenom priti do boljšega umevanja in vrednotenja te krajine. Glede na kraški značaj območja so na njegovo veliko tipološko razčlenjenost najizraziteje vplivali naravni kraški pojavi (vrtače, uvale, kraška polja in suhe doline). Kot nasledek obdelovanja tal pa so nastale raznovrstne tvorbe kamnitih suhozidov, teras in drugih prvin. Ugotovljena je bila znatna pestrost krajinskih enot in vzorcev, in sicer s pomočjo struktur, ki tudi same pomenijo določeno vrednost in prispevajo k razumevanju in odčitavanju izjemne vrednosti teh krajin.Within the large-scale research project in Croatian cultural landscapes, a special place is occupied by the Mediterranean area, with its highly valuable cultural landscape structures. This area is characterised by authentic structures, which represent a valuable cultural heritage and an important element of the national identity. The island of Krk is particularly inspiring in this respect, due to an intricate cultural landscape typology that has developed there under the infl uence of natural features on the one hand, and the centuries-long agricultural activity on the other. This paper is the result of research in its structural vocabulary in order better to understand and value these unique landscapes. The complex typological articulation was generated mainly by natural karst phenomena (karst valleys and fi elds, small dolinas, dry valleys), as well as various stone walls, terraces, and similar features, formed through the process of land cultivation. A considerable diversity of landscape units and patterns has been identifi ed through particular structures which often turned out to be assets themselves, and which at the same time help to understand and interpret the outstanding value of the islandʼs landscape