Understanding and utilizing students’ attitudes toward participation in discussions by using emotion analysis

We propose a method that uses an emotion analysis for PBL education. The emotion analysis is a method of analyzing a person's emotions from the person's remarks or facial expressions. In this method, teachers understand the situation of students from the results of the emotion analysis and give accurate advice. PBL education often involves group activities. The students conducted groups discuss, propose ideas, select ideas, and make the products. However, not all students are able to participate in discussions and express their opinions. It is the teacher's duty to provide guidance to such students. Therefore, we propose the use of the emotion analysis techniques to identify and guide students who have problems, such as those who cannot participate in discussions. The method is possible for one teacher to grasp multiple groups at the same time and to help developing the students' ability to learn. Under COVID-19, face-to-face classes were restricted. Online classes using Zoom etc. have also been introduced in PBL education. In online classes, it is difficult to grasp the situation of students. This was a big difference from face-to-face classes. So we looked at ways to keep track of the situation for all students. This is because the gap between students who are willing to take classes and those who are reluctant to take classes has widened due to the shift to online classes. As a result of the adaption to the classes, the number of students who actively participate in the classes has increased. The effectiveness of the proposed method was confirmed

Disclosure of congenital cleft lip and palate to Japanese patients : reported patient experiences and relationship to self-esteem

Background:The present study investigated when and how Japanese people with cleft lip and palate (CL/P) learn that their condition is congenital; the perceived effects of withholding the CL/P diagnosis on patients; and whether the resulting social experience and self-esteem are related. A questionnaire survey was conducted in 71 adults with CL/P recruited through a hospital, a patients’ association, and by snowball sampling.Results:The participants became aware of their physical difference in childhood, but many reported difficulty in understanding their condition. Participants reported that their families avoided the topic of diagnosis. Participants who understood their condition during childhood rather than in adulthood were significantly more likely to consider this scenario as positive (p < 0.001). Although stigmatising experiences were extremely painful, most patients hid their suffering, making it more difficult to obtain social support. Participants with high self-esteem were more likely to feel that they received adequate support.Conclusions:It is important to explain the congenital nature of CL/P sufficiently and early. In addition, openness by the family about the diagnosis, rather than avoidance, may improve patients’ self-esteem. Sufficient support from family, health care providers, and significant others is needed for patients to develop adequate self-esteem

ホケン イリョウ カンゴガク カラ ミタ ミライ キョウセイガク ヘノ テンボウ

特集 : 未来共生学の構想と課

Phenotypic plasticity in the mandibular morphology of Japanese macaques: captive–wild comparison

Despite the accumulating evidence suggesting the importance of phenotypic plasticity in diversification and adaptation, little is known about plastic variation in primate skulls. The present study evaluated the plastic variation of the mandible in Japanese macaques by comparing wild and captive specimens. The results showed that captive individuals are square-jawed with relatively longer tooth rows than wild individuals. We also found that this shape change resembles the sexual dimorphism, indicating that the mandibles of captive individuals are to some extent masculinized. By contrast, the mandible morphology was not clearly explained by ecogeographical factors. These findings suggest the possibility that perturbations in the social environment in captivity and resulting changes of androgenic hormones may have influenced the development of mandible shape. As the high plasticity of social properties is well known in wild primates, social environment may cause the inter- and intra-population diversity of skull morphology, even in the wild. The captive–wild morphological difference detected in this study, however, can also be possibly formed by other untested sources of variation (e.g. inter-population genetic variation), and therefore this hypothesis should be validated further

チョウキ トウセキ カンジャ ニオケル エイヨウ カンリ ト ショクセイカツ ノ モンダイテン : リン ノ ジュウヨウセイ ニツイテ

Hyperphosphatemia continues to affect a large portion of the dialysis population and is associated with increased patient mortality, secondary hyperparathyroidism, renal osteodystrophy (ROD), and therapeutic failure of calcitriol. Elevated serum phosphorus is implicated in the pathogenesis of ROD through its effects on calcium and calcitriol levels, PTH production, and parathyroid cell proliferation. The exact role of phosphorus in ROD is not completely defined, however, and clinical management of ROD is complicated by interactions between phosphorus, calcium, PTH, and calcitriol. Despite these challenges, strategies for managing ROD-including early control of serum phosphorus and PTH by low phosphate diet, establishment of markers for optimal parathyroid and bone health, and availability of new therapeutic tools-can help prevent complications and improve patient outcomes

Secondary hyperparathyroidism and phosphate sensing in parathyroid glands

Retention of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and associated hyperphosphatemia are important in the development of hyperparathyroidism secondary to renal failure. The beneficial effect of a low-Pi diet in the prevention of hyperparathyroidism can be attributed to the decrease in PTH secretion. This effect of Pi may be mediated by specific molecules in the parathyroid cell membrane. A complementary DNA encoding a Na+-Pi co-transporter, termed rat PiT-1, has been isolated from rat parathyroid. The amount of PiT-1 mRNA in the parathyroid is controlled by vitamin D and dietary Pi, which are the most important regulators of PTH secretion. The parathyroid Pi transporter may mediate the effects of extracellular Pi and PTH secretion in secondary hyperparathyroidism. In this study, we focus on the function of Na/Pi co-transporters in the parathyroid glands as inorganic Pi sensor

9ショウ ストレス タイショ ノウリョク SOC ト イキガイ 2 ストレス タイショ ケンコウ ホジ ノウリョク SOC ノ ゲンジョウ

『HIV感染被害者の生存・生活・人生 : 当事者参加型リサーチから』山崎喜比古, 瀬戸信一郎

ギョユ n‐3ケイ シボウサン ノ セッシュ ト シッカン ヨボウ

A balance n-6/n-3 ratio in the diet is essential for normal growth and development and should lead to decrease in cardiovascular disease and other chronic disease. An adequate intake has been estimated for n-6 and n-3 essential fatty acids by an international scientific working group. For Western Societies, it will be necessary to decrease the intake of n-6 fatty acids and increase the intake of n-3 fatty acids. However, they are highly unsaturated and therefore more sensitive to oxidation damage. Nutritional recommendations for disease prevention should take into account the pharmacological properties of n-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA and docosahexaeonic acid, DHA)

Effect of high-fat diet on phosphorus absorption

Objective: Dietary carbohydrate/fat ratio may affect phosphorus metabolism because both calcium and phosphorus are regulated by similar metabolic mechanisms, and a high-fat diet (HF) induces deleterious effects on the absorption of dietary calcium. We hypothesized that the HF induces an increase in phosphorus absorption; therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of differences in the quantity and quality of dietary fat on phosphorus metabolism over the short and long term. Research Methods & Procedures: Eighteen 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed an isocaloric diet containing varied carbohydrate/fat energy ratio and sources of fat (control diet [Control], HF, and high saturated-fat diet [HF-SFA]). At 3 days and 7 weeks after the allocation and initiation of the test diets, feces and urine were collected and used for phosphorus and calcium measurement. Results: The fecal phosphorous concentration (F-Pi) was lower in the HF-SFA group than in the other two groups; however, the urine phosphorus concentration (U-Pi) was significantly higher in the HF-SFA group than the other two groups when the rats were fed over the short (p<0.01) and long term (p<0.01 vs Control group, p<0.05 vs HF group). There were no significant differences in type-IIa sodium-phosphate cotransporter (NaPi-2a) and type-IIc sodium-phosphate cotransporter (NaPi-2c) mRNA expression, which are renal phosphate transport-related genes; however, the expression of type-IIb sodium-phosphate cotransporter (NaPi-2b) and type-III sodium-phosphate cotransporter (Pit-1) mRNA in the duodenum was higher in the HF and HF-SFA groups than in the Control group (p<0.05), although there were no significant differences in these in the jejunum. Conclusions: Our results indicated that HF, particularly HF-SFA, increases intestinal phosphate absorption compared with Control