Anomalous Electric Fields in n-InSb under High Magnetic Fields. I-Experiment

An investigation was made of the anomalous electric field in its various aspects in n-type InSb subjected to strong magnetic field at 77K and 273K, which lead to the conclusion that no open contradiction arose between a part of the present observations and the predictions attainable from Yoshida's model of semimetals. There remained, however, the other part of the experimental results unexplained, being rather natural since an inner property of indium antimonide does not seem so simple comparing with the compensated metals, bismuth and antimony. Especially as for the mechanism of an inversion phenomenon of the polarity of a negative anomalous field at a critical pulse current, we have no available theory to explain at present stage

Conceptual Spaces in Object-Oriented Framework

The aim of this paper is to show that the middle level of mental representations in a conceptual spaces framework is consistent with the OOP paradigm. We argue that conceptual spaces framework together with vague prototype theory of categorization appears to be the most suitable solution for modeling the cognitive apparatus of humans, and that the OOP paradigm can be easily and intuitively reconciled with this framework. First, we show that the prototypebased OOP approach is consistent with Gärdenfors’ model in terms of structural coherence. Second, we argue that the product of cloning process in a prototype-based model is in line with the structure of categories in Gärdenfors’ proposal. Finally, in order to make the fuzzy object-oriented model consistent with conceptual space, we demonstrate how to define membership function in a more cognitive manner, i.e. in terms of similarity to prototype

Magnetoacoustic Amplification by Conduction Electrons

A theory, based on Chambers' method to the classical Boltzmann equation, is developed for an acoustic amplification in both degenerate and nondegenerate piezoelectric semiconductors subjected to the Hall geometrically configured electric and magnetic fields. It is found that an amplification constant for qR>1 holds not only for a magnetic field ω(c)τ>1 but for ω(c)τ1 while the amplification constant for qR1; q is the wave number vector of sound, R the cyclotron radius, ω(c) the cyclotron frequency, 1 the mean free path and τ the relaxation time. A generalized attenuation (amplification) constant is presented through an energy conservation law, being applicable to the sounds propagating at any angle with respect to the particle drift so the off-axis as well as on-axis amplifications are surely involved. An application of the present theory to n-InSb reveals a threshold dependence for the acoustic amplification, which is semi-quantitative agreement with the experimental result of Arizumi et al.. The amplification constant by that nondegenerate particles is found to be almost equal to that by the degenerate ones, provided that the former carrier density should be replaced by its three times as much

The Effect of Temperature Gradient on Ultrasonic Attenuation

The effect of temperature gradient on ultrasonic attenuation is estimated based upon the simple phenomenological theory, and it being found that the attenuation coefficient for a CdS crystal is 0.76 dB/cm at temperature gradient 100 K/cm

The definition of sequential machine by PSC

In this paper we will show how to define a sequential machine by using PSC system with T as a finite set of pair-sentence formulas. A pair-sentence form (A0,B1) means that if we assume each stage number i specifies the delay time of the link operation between pair-sentences, then the pair-sentence form (Ai,Bi+1) shows (Ai,Ai+1) (where Ai+1 := Bi) that is the propagation of truth value of a sentence A at one delay time. So, we can define the one delay truth signal circuit by using a pair-sentence form. Moreover, to combine the plural pair-sentences in T, we can define Ms = as a sequential machine generated from T, where TVt a set of truth value products, It a set of input truth value products, O a set of output truth value products, σt : TVtii × Iti → TVti+1 a truth value transition function and λt : TVti × Iti → Oi a truth value output function

A formal theory of the calculus of indication

This paper deals with a term reduction representation of the calculus of indication proposed by G. Spencer-Brown\u27s Laws of Form, which has a formalism of great simplicity for the act of distinguishing and its basic laws. I will give an equational theory based on the term reduction of indication in order to make an interpretation of this calculus more explicit way

Some syntactical and semantical properties for pair sentential calculus PSC

This paper is an extended version of my talk in the Conference of Non-Classical Logics 2016. In this paper we will introduce a system that rejects the principle of identity "A is A", one of the third Aristotelian principles for thinking. The proposed system allows to deal with paradoxical sentences, like a Liar sentence "A is not A". We present both an axiomatic system and an adequate semantics for it

A formal theory of the calculus of indication

This paper deals with a term reduction representation of the calculus of indication proposed by G. Spencer-Brown\u27s Laws of Form, which has a formalism of great simplicity for the act of distinguishing and its basic laws. I will give an equational theory based on the term reduction of indication in order to make an interpretation of this calculus more explicit way

A syntactical comparison between pair sentential calculus PSC and Gupta\u27s definitional calculus Cn

In this paper we will compare two logical systems PSC and Cn with a syntactical point of view. Because both notions of the pair-sentence with stage number in PSC and Gupta\u27s sentence-definition with revision stage number in Cn are very similar, and both can deal with paradoxical sentences like a simple Liar sentence. His system was defined as a predicate calculus, but here we will introduce the propositional version of Cn for the comparison, and we had the following results: (1) C0 is a sublogic of PSC, or PSC is an extension of C0 under the two translations tC and tP. Similarly, PSCn is an extension of Cn. (2) If we extend the systems C0 and Cn by adding three properties: exchangeability, transitivity and relativity of revision indices, then two logics C0 and PSC (also Cn and PSCn) are syntactically equivalent. (3) We can calculate a cycle number of each pair sentence in PSC, but not in C0. (4) PSC can deal with multiple pair sentences, but difficult to deal with such multiple defnitions in Cn

A system of pair sentential calculus that has a representation of the Liar sentence

In this paper we will introduce a referential relation between pair-sentences similar to the identity connective in SCI. Here pair-sentence statements of the form (A,B) read as “A is referential to B”. Then by interpreting the pair-sentence (A,B) as a sequence of referential relation such that the referential recursive pattern A B0 B1 B2 . . .B0 B1 B2 . . .holds, we will formalize a pair sentential calculus and represent the behavior of Liar sentence.To formalize the pair sentential calculus, we firstly introduce the stage numbers i, j in which each of pair-sentence holds, i.e., (Ai,Bj) and which means a situation of A at a stage i is referential to the situation of B at a stage j. We also introduce a referential cycle number of (Ai,Bj) and by using of this cycle number, we may classify pair-sentences into two categories, that is, categorical and paradoxical. Then each Liar sentence has a referential cycle number of n such that n 2 and is paradoxical