Energy Performance Certificate – Belgium example

The Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) is based on following EU Directives: The EU Directive 2010/31/EU of 19 May 2010 on the Energy Performance of Buildings (amended by Directive 2018/844 of 30/05/2018) requires the Member States, the establishment of a measurable system of Buildings Energy Performance (BEP) or a Certification of Energy Performance (CEP). This Directive requires that each EU member state must set up a specific calculation method to achieve the BEP requirements and to certify the energy performance of buildings. The energy efficiency EU Directive 2012/27/EU of 25/10/2012, in particular the article n°5. The EU Directive 2009/28/EC of 23/04/2009 on the use and promotion of the energy produced from renewable sources. The PEB certificate expresses the energy performance of a PEB unit (public buildings, residential and industry buildings, apartments, etc...) by means of several indicators such as energy class, global and specific consumption of primary energy, renewable energy, CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions and contains recommendations for improvement. The Belgian Energy Performance Certificate is the perfect example helping Belgium as a Member State to achieve its energy efficiency targets. It can inspire the authorities in Kosovo, whose ultimate goal is to join the EU, to prepare the legislation that would incorporate the entire EPC in the procedures for new construction or renovation of buildings. This would be one much appreciated way to prepare at best to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve the energy performance of the residential, tertiary and public buildings in Kosovo

Securing Women`s Safety: an Overview of women's right and security in Kyrgyzstan

학위논문 (석사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 국제대학원 국제학과(국제협력전공), 2021. 2. 신성호.The relevance of addressing the study of this problem is due to a change in the priorities of the international community in cooperation in the implementation of human rights, in particular, the readiness of states to fully and equally implement women's rights enshrined in international treaties. States' awareness of the fact that women's rights are an integral and integral part of human rights leads to a new understanding, firstly, of the content of women's rights, secondly, the need to ensure them by Kyrgyz Republic to build a democratic society, and thirdly, the development of protection mechanisms women's rights. The Kyrgyz Republic is a sovereign, unitary, democratic state. In recent years, it has been developing at a rapid pace but discrimination against women remains an acute and unsolved problem. The government pays little attention to this problem, and therefore more and more non-governmental organizations and crisis centers appear. But at this time, women are more and more involved in social life and contributes to economic, political and cultural development.Chapter 1. Protection of Women`s Rights in Kyrgyz Republic 1 Introduction 1 1.1. Bride kidnapping in the history of Kyrgyz Republic 3 1.2. The concept and forms of "ala-kachuu" (bride kidnapping) 16 CHAPTER 2. Policy advancement of women status in Kyrgyz Republic 35 2.1. State measures for prevention of ala kachuu 35 2.2. Activities of organizations for the protection of women's rights 59 CHAPTER 3. International Protection of Women`s Rights in Kyrgyz Republic 65 3.1. Implementation of the provisions of the conventions on women's issues 65 3.2. Policy Suggestions 68 3.3. Conclusion 69 Bibliography 72Maste

Fibre-reinforced sand::interaction at the fibre and grain scale

For fibre-reinforced granular soils, the efficiency of the fibres is governed by the local fibre–grain interaction mechanism. This local interaction mechanism is evaluated, in this paper, by using a modified version of the shear-lag stress theory. While this theory provides a description of the stress-transfer mechanism at fibre–matrix interface level, it also generates the stress distribution along the fibre. The proposed model explicitly accounts for the effects of the geometrical fibre and granular size characteristics, fibre stiffness, global stress level, soil density and the non-linearity of soil behaviour. An analytical expression for the ratio of strains in the fibre and in the composite, which is fundamental for any prediction of fibre contribution, is further derived. A discussion on the effects of the controlling parameters is presented, while the scale-up of the problem at the composite level is then conducted by using a continuum constitutive model appropriately modified to account for the strain ratio between the fibre and the composite. The model is validated against a series of triaxial compression tests on two different sands mixed with polypropylene fibres of different aspect ratios. </jats:p

Elasto-plastic model for sand including time effect

Time effects on granular soils have been observed in the laboratory and by in-situ tests, but these cannot be reproduced by classical elasto-plastic models. To address these concerns, existing specific modelling approaches were based on the theory of viscoplasticity formulated by Perzyna or on a viscous evanescent relationship. This work explores an alternative elasto-plastic modelling framework formulated in a multiaxial structure space. The proposed elasto-plastic model is associated with a thixotropic-type framework through the use of a structure parameter, the evolution of which illustrates the competition between two effects: the time-dependent tendency of the granular system to reach its stable configuration - restructuration - and its destructuration under external perturbations. The structure parameter is linked to the existence of a stress-dependent target structure towards which the current granular material structure evolves. The timescale is explicitly introduced by postulating a rate for this structure evolution. The modelling of the material behaviour has shown good similarities with the response of granular soils observed in monotonic loading, as well as during creep and variable strain rate loading experiments

Consumer opinion about the control of parabens in dermocosmetics

The inclusion of preservatives in cosmetic products is necessary in order to prevent the development of pathogens and to maintain the quality of the products for a longer time. Parabens are one of the most widely used preservatives in dermocosmetics. The potential harm of parabens and the need for strict control over their use have been debated for years. A survey of the opinion of consumers of dermocosmetics from Varna on the control of parabens in cosmetic products has been conducted. The results show that, as a whole, people rely on the correctness of manufacturers, but are not completely convinced or thinking about it. In order to solve cosmetic problems and to ensure consumer safety, the efforts of manufacturers of dermocosmetics, traders, dermatologists and state control bodies are required