1,885 research outputs found
Exact dimer ground state of the two dimensional Heisenberg spin system SrCu_2(BO_3)_2
The two dimensional Heisenberg model for SrCu_2(BO_3)_2 has the exact dimer
ground state which was proven by Shastry and Sutherland almost twenty years
ago. The critical value of the quantum phase transition from the dimer state to
the N\'{e}el ordered state is determined. Analysis of the experimental data
shows that SrCu_2(BO_3)_2 has the dimer ground state but is close to the
transition point, which leads to the unusual temperature dependence of the
susceptibility. Almost localized nature of the triplet excitations explains the
plateaus observed in the magnetization curve.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, to appear in PR
A Monte Carlo approach to study neutron and fragment emission in heavy-ion reactions
Quantum Molecular Dynamics models (QMD) are Monte Carlo approaches targeted
at the description of nucleon-ion and ion-ion collisions. We have developed a
QMD code, which has been used for the simulation of the fast stage of ion-ion
collisions, considering a wide range of system masses and system mass
asymmetries. The slow stage of the collisions has been described by statistical
methods. The combination of both stages leads to final distributions of
particles and fragments, which have been compared to experimental data
available in literature. A few results of these comparisons, concerning neutron
double-differential production cross-sections for C, Ne and Ar ions impinging
on C, Cu and Pb targets at 290 - 400 MeV/A bombarding energies and fragment
isotopic distributions from Xe + Al at 790 MeV/A, are shown in this paper.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, submitted for publication in Adv. Space Re
Orbital Order Effect of Two-Dimensional Spin Gap System for CaV4O9
Effects of possible orbital order in magnetic properties of two-dimensional
spin gap system for CaVO are investigated theoretically. After
analyzing experimental data, we show that single orbital models assumed in the
literature are insufficient to reproduce the data. To understand the origin of
the discrepancy, we assume that in state of V, and
orbitals have substantial contributions in the lowest-energy atomic level which
leads to a double-degeneracy. We study possible configurations of the orbital
order. By exact diagonalization and perturbation expansion, we calculate the
susceptibility, wavenumber dependence of low-lying excitations and equal-time
spin-spin correlations which is related to integrated intensity of the neutron
inelastic scattering. These quantities sensitively depend on the configuration
of the orbital order. The calculated results for some configurations of the
orbital order reproduce many experimental results much better than the previous
single-orbital models. However some discrepancy still remains to completely
reproduce all of the reported experimental results. To understand the origin of
these discrepancies, we point out the possible importance of the partially
occupied orbital in addition to orbital order of partially filled
and orbitals.Comment: 19 pages LATEX, 15 postscript figures, using jpsj.sty,to be published
in J.Phys.Soc.Jpn. Vol.67 No.2 (1998
Various series expansions for a Heisenberg antiferromagnet model for SrCu(BO)
We use a variety of series expansion methods at both zero and finite
temperature to study an antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin model proposed
recently by Miyahara and Ueda for the quasi two-dimensional material
SrCu(BO). We confirm that this model exhibits a first-order quantum
phase transition at T=0 between a gapped dimer phase and a gapless N\'eel phase
when the ratio of nearest and next-nearest neighbour interactions is
varied, and locate the transition at . Using longer series we are
able to give more accurate estimates of the model parameters by fitting to the
high temperature susceptibility data.Comment: RevTeX, 13 figure
Electronic structure and exchange interactions of the ladder vanadates CaV2O5 and MgV2O5
We have performed ab-initio calculations of the electronic structure and
exchange couplings in the layered vanadates CaV2O5 and MgV2O5. Based on our
results we provide a possible explanation of the unusual magnetic properties of
these materials, in particular the large difference in the spin gap between
CaV2O5 and MgV2O5
The Association Between Social Networks and Self-rated risk of HIV Infection among Secondary School Students in Moshi Municipality, Tanzania.
Abstract This study describes the social networks of secondary school students in Moshi Municipality, and their association with self-rated risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 300 students aged 15-24 years in 5 secondary schools in Moshi, Tanzania. Bonding networks were defined as social groupings of students participating in activities within the school, while bridging networks were groups that included students participating in social groupings from outside of the school environs. A structured questionnaire was used to ask about participation in bonding and bridging social networks and self-rated HIV risk behavior. More participants participated in bonding networks (72%) than in bridging networks (29%). Participation in bridging networks was greater among females (25%) than males (12%, p < .005). Of 300 participants, 88 (29%) were sexually experienced, and of these 62 (70%) considered themselves to be at low risk of HIV infection. Factors associated with self-rated risk of HIV included: type of school (p < .003), family structure (p < .008), being sexually experienced (p < .004), having had sex in the past three months (p < .009), having an extra sexual partner (p < .054) and non-condom use in last sexual intercourse (p < .001), but not the presence or type of social capital. The study found no association between bonding and bridging social networks on self-rated risk of HIV among study participants. However, sexually experienced participants rated themselves at low risk of HIV infection despite practicing unsafe sex. Efforts to raise adolescents' self-awareness of risk of HIV infection through life skills education and HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome risk reduction strategies may be beneficial to students in this at-risk group
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