587 research outputs found
Characterising WIMPs at a future Linear Collider
We investigate the prospects for detecting and measuring the parameters of
WIMP dark matter in a model independent way at the International Linear
Collider. The signal under study is direct WIMP pair production with associated
initial state radiation . The analysis
accounts for the beam energy spectrum of the ILC and the dominant machine
induced backgrounds. The influence of the detector parameters are incorporated
by full simulation and event reconstruction within the framework of the ILD
detector concept. We show that by using polarised beams, the detection
potential is significantly increased by reduction of the dominant SM background
of radiative neutrino production . The
dominant sources of systematic uncertainty are the precision of the
polarisation measurement and the shape of the beam energy spectrum. With an
integrated luminosity of 500 fb the helicity structure of the interaction
involved can be inferred, and the masses and cross-sections can be measured
with a relative accuracy of the order of 1 %.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figure
Ā»Äe ne bi obstajali, bi si jih morali izmisliti.Ā« Vloga priseljencev in njihovo reguliranje v ameriÅ”kem družbeno-politiÄnem kontekstu
The article explores the multidimensional, heterogeneous and complex role that immigrants and their regulation played and play in the American socio-political context. It argues that immigrants have played and play a crucial role in the establishment and development of the American republic. They were and are crucial for the continuous re-inscriptions of symbolic and material boundaries of the American na- tion and citizenship and in the development of the capacities and legitimacy of state apparatuses to regulate the US population. They are also indispensable for the functioning of the American economy.Älanek obravnava veÄdimenzionalno, heterogeno in kompleksno vlogo, ki so jo v ameriÅ”kem družbenopolitiÄnem kontekstu igrali in jo Å”e vedno igrajo priseljenci ter zakonodaja o njih. Utemeljuje staliÅ”Äe, da so priseljenci v formiranju in razvoju ameriÅ”ke republike igrali in Å”e vedno igrajo kljuÄno vlogo. Bili so in so Å”e vedno kljuÄnega pomena za trajno ponovno potrjevanje simboliÄnih in fiziÄnih meja ameriÅ”ke države in državljanstva ter pomembno vplivajo na razvoj zmogljivosti in pravnih podlag državnega aparata za zakonsko urejanje ameriÅ”kega prebivalstva
MORFO-LEKSIKALNE ZNAÄILNOSTI ANGLEÅ KIH IN SLOVENSKIH MOÅ KIH/ŽENSKIH SAMOSTALNIKOV ZA POKLICE
The article presents an analysis of masculine and feminine nouns denoting professions in English and Slovenian. The researched expressions are first discussed from the point of view of word-formation (derivation and compounding), then corpora are employed to examine the frequency of the forms in both languages. The corpus data are complemented with an analysis of collocators with the purpose of identifying the semantic preferences and associative meanings of gender-marked expressions for professions. The results reveal that some feminine nouns for professions are stylistically unmarked (especially in Slovenian), whereas others co- occur (in English and Slovenian) with words that reflect the societal attitudes to gender roles, appearance and character.predstavi kontrastivno analizo moÅ”kih in ženskih samostalnikov za poklice na jezikovnem paru angleÅ”Äina-slovenÅ”Äina. Obravnavani izrazi so najprej predstavljeni z besedotvornega vidika, prek izpeljave oziroma zlaganja. Prispevek nato s pomoÄjo korpusov preverja pogostnost opazovanih oblik v obeh jezikih. Zbrane korpusne podatke razÄleni tudi s pregledom njihovih kolokatorjev, s Äimer opredeli semantiÄne preference in pomenske asociacije obravnavanih feminativov in maskulinativov. Rezultati pokažejo, da so feminativi za poklice lahko nezaznamovani (sploh v slovenÅ”Äini) ali pa se pojavljajo z izrazi, ki (v angleÅ”Äini in v slovenÅ”Äini) odsevajo družbeni odnos do spolnih vlog, videza in osebnostnih lastnosti
Lectura para una prueba: El efecto de los exƔmenes de alto riesgo en las estrategias de lectura
This paper presents a study which investigates the reading strategies employed by Slovenian EFL students whose classroom context is influenced by a high-stakes, curriculum-aligned national examination. The findings show that there are only minor differences between strong and weak students in their use of reading strategies. The results are discussed in light of the washback effect and the development of the reading skill/strategies in the classroom. The discussion suggests that educators should be aware of the limitations of high-stakes examinations, and introduce reading tasks not directly linked to such examinations, in order to minimise their potential negative effect in the classroom.Este artĆculo presenta un estudio sobre las estrategias de lectura de los estudiantes eslovenos de ILE cuyo contexto del aula estĆ” influido por el examen nacional de alto impacto, aƱadido al currĆculo. Los resultados muestran que hay solo diferencias mĆnimas entre los estudiantes competentes y los incompetentes en el uso de las estrategias de lectura. Los resultados se discuten a la luz del efecto rebote y el desarrollo de la habilidad/las estrategias de lectura en clase. La discusiĆ³n propone que los educadores deberĆan ser conscientes de las limitaciones de los exĆ”menes de alto impacto e introducir tareas de lectura indirectamente relacionadas con tales exĆ”menes para minimizar su potencial efecto negativo
Predodžbe skala: englesko-slovenska kontrastivna analiza idiomatskih minimizatora i maksimizatora
The paper investigates the syntactic, semantic, and cultural properties of minimizers and maximizers from a contrastive perspective. Minimizers and maximizers are scalar constructions whose function is to strengthen the speakerās (negative) assertion by pointing to the minimal (minimizers) or the maximal (maximizers) point on a pragmatic scale. The syntactic analysis reveals that these items are predominantly sub-clausal (V+NP/PP or NP/PP), and polarity sensitive, requiring the presence of a polarity licenser. The lexical analysis identifies three possibilities with regard to lexical selections in the two languages: a complete, partial, and a non-existent lexico-semantic overlap. Furthermore, the corpus data indicate that there is considerable variation in the lexical items appearing in minimizers and maximizers (e.g., give a damn/shit/toss/fuck/monkeyās/fig/ratās (arse, ass, fart)/hoot). Even though minimizers and maximizers in both languages involve the metaphor MORE IS UP, LESS IS DOWN / GOOD IS UP, BAD IS DOWN and PART-FOR-WHOLE metonymy, the analysis shows that the lexical selection in the two languages diverges due to different cultural conceptualisations and cultural background. The observation and results of the analysis presented herein aim at contributing to a better understanding of idiomatic expressions from the viewpoint of contrastive linguistics, cultural studies, and cultural conceptualisation.U radu se istražuju sintaktiÄka, semantiÄka i kulturna obilježja minimizatora i maksimizatora iz kontrastivne perspektive. Minimizatori i maksimizatori skalarne su konstrukcije, Äija je funkcija pojaÄavanje govornikove (negativne) tvrdnje pokazivanjem na minimalnu (minimizatori) ili maksimalnu (maksimizatori) toÄku na pragmatiÄkoj skali. SintaktiÄka analiza otkriva da je veÄinom rijeÄ o podreÄeniÄnim jedinicama (GLAGOL + IMENSKA SKUPINA/PRIJEDLOŽNA SKUPINA ili IMENSKA SKUPINA/PRIJEDLOŽNA SKUPINA), koje su osjetljive na polarnost, odnosno zahtijevaju prisutnost izraza koji dopuÅ”ta polarnost. LeksiÄkom raÅ”Älambom utvrÄene su tri moguÄnosti leksiÄkog odabira u dvama jezicima: potpuno, djelomiÄno i nepostojeÄe leksiÄko-semantiÄko preklapanje. Usto, podaci dobiveni iz korpusa pokazuju da postoji znaÄajna varijacija u leksiÄkim jedinicama koje se pojavljuju u minimizatorima i maksimizatorima (npr. give a damn/shit/toss/fuck/monkey\u27s/fig/rat\u27s (arse, ass, fart)/hoot). Iako minimizatori i maksimizatori u oba jezika ukljuÄuju metafore VIÅ E JE GORE, MANJE JE DOLJE/DOBRO JE GORE, LOÅ E JE DOLJE te metonimiju DIO-ZA-CJELINU, analiza pokazuje da se leksiÄki odabir u dvama jezicima razlikuje zbog razliÄite kulturne konceptualizacije i kulturne pozadine. Zapažanja i rezultati izneseni u ovom radu nastoje doprinijeti boljem razumijevanju idiomatskih izraza s glediÅ”ta kontrastivne lingvistike, kulturnih studija i kulturne konceptualizacije
ENGLESKI UZDIŽUÄI PREDIKATI I (NE)FINITNE REÄENICE: DIJAKRONIJSKA I SINKRONIJSKA PERSPEKTIVA
In this paper, we present a diachronic and synchronic analysis of raising and extraposition constructions in the historical Brown Corpus and the more contemporary English Web Corpus 2015. We begin by establishing two diachronic facts: first, raising constructions are used much more frequently than their semantically equivalent extraposition variants, and second, the distribution of raising and extraposition remains ā rather exceptionally in comparison to other structures allowing for finite/non-finite variation ā diachronically consistent from the beginning of the 20th century to 2015. We then supplement this unique diachronic distribution with an analysis of the most recent corpus data, which shows that the choice between the two semantically equivalent constructions is governed by distinct structural factors unique to each construction. Concretely, we show that the raising construction is frequently used as a relative clause, whereas the extraposition variant generally resists such a syntactic role. By contrast, we show that a prominent factor in favour of extraposition relates to the negative marker, which is placed with similar frequency both in the matrix and in the embedded clause of the extraposition construction in contrast to the raising variant, which uses the negative marker almost exclusively in the matrix clause. Lastly, we show that extraposition constructions contain modal verbs in the matrix clause more frequently than the raising variants and we tie this observation to the idea that the clausal composition of the extraposition construction is structurally more suited for expressing tentativeness.U ovome radu predstavljamo dijakronijsku i sinkronijsku analizu konstrukcija s uzdižuÄim predikatima (engl. raising predicates) i konstrukcija s ekstrapozicijom u povijesnoj bazi Brown Corpus i suvremenijoj English Web Corpus 2015. PoÄinjemo utvrÄivanjem dviju dijakronijskih Äinjenica: 1. uzdižuÄe (engl. raising) konstrukcije koriste se puno ÄeÅ”Äe od semantiÄki ekvivalentnih inaÄica s ekstrapozicijom, i 2. distribucija uzdižuÄih konstrukcija i ekstrapozicije ā priliÄno iznimno u usporedbi s drugim strukturama koje dopuÅ”taju varijaciju finitno/nefinitno ā dijakronijski je dosljedna od poÄetka 20. stoljeÄa sve do 2015. godine. Ovu jedinstvenu dijakronijsku distribuciju potom dopunjavamo analizom suvremenijega korpusa koja pokazuje da izborom izmeÄu ovih dviju semantiÄki ekvivalentnih konstrukcija upravljaju razliÄiti strukturalni Äimbenici svojstveni svakoj od njih. Konkretno, pokazujemo da se uzdižuÄa konstrukcija Äesto koristi kao relativna reÄenica, dok se inaÄica s ekstrapozicijom u toj sintaktiÄkoj ulozi rijetko javlja. Nasuprot tomu pokazujemo da se istaknut Äimbenik u korist ekstrapozicije odnosi na oznaku nijeÄnosti koja se podjednako Äesto smjeÅ”ta i u glavnu i u uklopljenu reÄenicu u sluÄaju konstrukcije s ekstrapozicijom, nasuprot uzdižuÄe inÄice u kojoj se oznaka nijeÄnosti javlja gotovo iskljuÄivo u glavnoj reÄenici. KonaÄno, pokazujemo da konstrukcije s ekstrapozicijom ÄeÅ”Äe sadrže modalne glagole u glavnoj reÄenici nego li uzdižuÄe inaÄice te tu opservaciju povezujemo s idejom da je reÄeniÄna struktura konstrukcija s ekstrapozicijom strukturalno prikladnija za izražavanje nesigurnosti/uvjetnosti
PleonastiÄna negacija iz meÄujeziÄne perspektive
In recent linguistic theory, pleonastic negation is treated either as an instance of a lexically present but semantically vacuous negation, often placed in relation to negative polarity (e.g. Portner and Zanuttini 2000; Espinal 1992; van der Wouden 1994, among others) or as a special subtype of negation that differs from āproperā or sentential negation in terms of its syntactic, as well as semantic scope, and may actually be considered a form of (negative) modality (Mueller 1991; Abels 2005; Yoon 2011). We follow the latter approach and discuss pleonastic negation as it appears in different languages with the primary focus on Croatian and Slovenian. In doing so, we observe that, even though the syntactic environments in which pleonastic negation occurs are highly comparable, there seems to be a parametric variation as to the level of optionality of pleonastic negation, and to the type of mood with which pleonastic negation is used (Ilc 2012; Zovko DinkoviÄ 2015).
Based on empirical data, we argue that the difference in the scope of negation between sentential and pleonastic negation is mirrored directly in their syntactic properties: while the former licenses n-words, the latter cannot license them. Both types of negation, however, may trigger the Genitive of Negation in languages still displaying the Genitive of Negation in negated clauses as is the case with Slovenian.
The observations and the analysis presented in this paper are aimed at contributing to a better understanding of pleonastic negation by attempting to prove that it is neither semantically empty nor a feature of sentence negation, but rather a linguistic phenomenon akin to other means of expressing modality in language.U novijoj lingvistiÄkoj teoriji pleonastiÄna negacija smatra se ili pojavom leksiÄki prisutne, ali semantiÄki prazne negacije, koja se Äesto dovodi u vezu s nijeÄnom polarnosti (npr. Portner i Zanuttini 2000, Espinal 1992, van der Wouden 1994, te drugi), ili posebnom podvrstom negacije, koja se razlikuje od āpraveā ili reÄeniÄne negacije po svojem sintaktiÄkom i semantiÄkom dosegu te koja se doista može smatrati jednim oblikom (nijeÄne) modalnosti (Mueller 1991, Abels 2005, Yoon 2011). U ovom radu slijedimo potonji pristup i razmatramo pojavu pleonastiÄne negacije u razliÄitim jezicima, s osobitim naglaskom na hrvatski i slovenski. Pritom utvrÄujemo da se pleonastiÄna negacija pojavljuje u vrlo sliÄnim sintaktiÄkim okružjima, no da istovremeno postoji parametriÄka varijacija u stupnju (ne)obaveznosti pleonastiÄne negacije, kao i glagolskog naÄina uz koji se koristi (Ilc 2012, Zovko DinkoviÄ 2015).
Na temelju empirijskih podataka tvrdimo da se razlika u dosegu reÄeniÄne i pleonastiÄne negacije izravno ogleda u njihovim sintaktiÄkim obilježjima: prva dopuÅ”ta pojavljivanje n-rijeÄi, dok ih potonja ne dopuÅ”ta. S druge strane, oba tipa dopuÅ”taju pojavu slavenskog genitiva u jezicima u kojima se on pojavljuje u nijeÄnim sureÄenicama, kao Å”to je to sluÄaj sa slovenskim.
Cilj je zapažanja i raÅ”Älambe iznesene u ovom radu doprinijeti boljem razumijevanju pleonastiÄne negacije tako Å”to Äe se dokazati da ona nije semantiÄki prazna niti je oblik reÄeniÄne negacije, veÄ jeziÄna pojava srodna drugim sredstvima izražavanja modalnosti u jeziku
Numerical modelling of semi-adiabatic test
The paper deals with the possibility of using a semi-adiabatic test to determine the adiabatic hydration curve of concrete mixtures. Therefore, a temperature was measured at certain points of a concrete specimen during the test and an adiabatic temperature rise was estimated with a numerically determined heat loss compensation. The determined adiabatic hydration curve was inserted into a numerical program, which is used to calculate a temperature field within the concrete element using a finite element method. A comparison between numerically and experimentally determined values indicates the adequacy of the proposed numerical model. Moreover, the semi-adiabatic test proved to be an appropriate method to determine the adiabatic temperature rise
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