2007 Commencement Program

May 5, 2007https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/commencement_printed_materials/1061/thumbnail.jp

Early Indonesian Commerce and the Origins of Srivijaya.

The origins of the famous maritime empire of Srivijaya in south-eastern Sumatra, a name first recorded in 671, belong to the history of early Indonesian commerce. In the third century A.D. Ko-ying, situated on that coast and the chief trading kingdom in western Indonesia, was not on the ship, ink route between India and China, but in the fifth century, when southern China depended on overseas trade for luxury imports, voyages from Indonesia to China had become habitual. By about A.D. 500 Sumatran pine resin and benzoin were known to southern Chinese writers as Po-ssu resins, not as Laufer thought because they came from a south East Asian country transcribed as Po-ssu but because they were regarded as 'Persian-type' substitutes for frankincense and myrrh and part of the 'Persian' trade in western Asian produce, which came is western Indonesia to China. The evidence suggests that Indonesian ships, operating from south-eastern Sumatra, had obtained a major share in carrying this merchandise and that, in the fifth sixth centuries when the first tributary missions came from Indonesian kingdoms to China, the lending commercial kingdom on this coast was Kan-t'o-li. Thus Srivijaya cae to the fore on the coast whose inhabitants had pioneered Sino-Indonesian trade. To protect the commercial interests which it inherited from the past Srivijaya was compelled to forestall the first signs of competition from ports on the Straits of Malacca. It did so before the end of the seventh century by dominating the Straits with its fleet. One of the main themes of the subsequent 500 years of Srivijayan history is the attempt to compel, with diminishing success, foreign merchants and seamen to conform to a system of maritime communications which had been created by a trading situation older than Sriivijaya itself

On thermal sensor calibration and software techniques for many-core thermal management

The high power density of a many-core processor results in increased temperature which negatively impacts system reliability and performance. Dynamic thermal management applies thermal-aware techniques at run time to avoid overheating using temperature information collected from on-chip thermal sensors. Temperature sensing and thermal control schemes are two critical technologies for successfully maintaining thermal safety. In this dissertation, on-line thermal sensor calibration schemes are developed to provide accurate temperature information. Software-based dynamic thermal management techniques are proposed using calibrated thermal sensors. Due to process variation and silicon aging, on-chip thermal sensors require periodic calibration before use in DTM. However, the calibration cost for thermal sensors can be prohibitively high as the number of on-chip sensors increases. Linear models which are suitable for on-line calculation are employed to estimate temperatures at multiple sensor locations using performance counters. The estimated temperature and the actual sensor thermal profile show a very high similarity with correlation coefficient ~0.9 for SPLASH2 and SPEC2000 benchmarks. A calibration approach is proposed to combine potentially inaccurate temperature values obtained from two sources: thermal sensor readings and temperature estimations. A data fusion strategy based on Bayesian inference, which combines information from these two sources, is demonstrated. The result shows the strategy can effectively recalibrate sensor readings in response to inaccuracies caused by process variation and environmental noise. The average absolute error of the corrected sensor temperature readings is A dynamic task allocation strategy is proposed to address localized overheating in many-core systems. Our approach employs reinforcement learning, a dynamic machine learning algorithm that performs task allocation based on current temperatures and a prediction regarding which assignment will minimize the peak temperature. Our results show that the proposed technique is fast (scheduling performed in \u3c1 \u3ems) and can efficiently reduce peak temperature by up to 8 degree C in a 49-core processor (6% on average) versus a leading competing task allocation approach for a series of SPLASH-2 benchmarks. Reinforcement learning has also been applied to 3D integrated circuits to allocate tasks with thermal awareness

Heterogeneous Multi-core Architectures for High Performance Computing

This thesis deals with heterogeneous architectures in standard workstations. Heterogeneous architectures represent an appealing alternative to traditional supercomputers because they are based on commodity components fabricated in large quantities. Hence their price-performance ratio is unparalleled in the world of high performance computing (HPC). In particular, different aspects related to the performance and consumption of heterogeneous architectures have been explored. The thesis initially focuses on an efficient implementation of a parallel application, where the execution time is dominated by an high number of floating point instructions. Then the thesis touches the central problem of efficient management of power peaks in heterogeneous computing systems. Finally it discusses a memory-bounded problem, where the execution time is dominated by the memory latency. Specifically, the following main contributions have been carried out: A novel framework for the design and analysis of solar field for Central Receiver Systems (CRS) has been developed. The implementation based on desktop workstation equipped with multiple Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) is motivated by the need to have an accurate and fast simulation environment for studying mirror imperfection and non-planar geometries. Secondly, a power-aware scheduling algorithm on heterogeneous CPU-GPU architectures, based on an efficient distribution of the computing workload to the resources, has been realized. The scheduler manages the resources of several computing nodes with a view to reducing the peak power. The two main contributions of this work follow: the approach reduces the supply cost due to high peak power whilst having negligible impact on the parallelism of computational nodes. from another point of view the developed model allows designer to increase the number of cores without increasing the capacity of the power supply unit. Finally, an implementation for efficient graph exploration on reconfigurable architectures is presented. The purpose is to accelerate graph exploration, reducing the number of random memory accesses

Enhancing the programmability and energy efficiency of storage in hpc and virtualized environments

Mención Internacional en el título de doctorA decade ago computing systems hit a clock and power ceiling that places the energetic challenge among the most relevant issues in High Performance Computing (HPC). Motivated by the fact that computation is increasingly becoming cheaper than data movement in terms of power, our work studies and optimizes data movement across different levels of the software stack. We propose novel methodologies for analyzing, modeling, and optimizing the energy efficiency of data movement. More precisely, we propose methodologies to enhance the understanding of power consumption in the software I/O stack, and optimize the I/O energy efficiency in the operating system’s I/O stack, low-level CPU device drivers, and virtualized environments. Our experimental results show that through the understanding of the different operating system layers and their interaction, it is possible to develop novel coordination techniques that optimize the energy consumption and increase performance of I/O workloads. First, we develop a methodology for data collection, power and performance characterization, and modeling power usage in the I/O stack. Our work presents a detailed study of power and energy usage across all system components during various I/O-intensive workloads. We propose a data gathering methodology that combines software and hardware-based instrumentation in order to study I/O data movement, and develop novel power prediction models employing data analysis techniques. Second, this thesis presents novel CPU-level optimizations that improve the energy efficiency of I/O workloads. We address two issues present in modern processors: thermal imbalance causing performance variation and an inefficient use of CPU resources during I/O workloads. We develop novel techniques for power optimization and thermal efficiency through cross-layer coordination of CPU and I/O management. Third, we also focus on optimizing data sharing among virtual domains. In our work we refer to this as virtualized data sharing, which mainly differs from existing solutions by coordinating data flows through the software I/O stack. We develop a virtualized data sharing solution in order to reduce data movement among virtual environments, introducing new abstractions and mechanisms to more efficiently coordinate storage I/O.Hace una década, los computadores alcanzaron el límite físico de la frecuencia y potencia disipada, estableciendo el consumo energético como uno de los principales obstáculos en el campo de la computación de alto rendimiento. Motivados por el hecho de que la computación resulta cada vez menos costosa que el movimiento de datos en términos de energía, nuestro trabajo estudia y optimiza el movimiento de datos en varios niveles de la arquitectura software. En este trabajo proponemos nuevas metodologías para analizar, modelar y optimizar la eficiencia energética del movimiento de datos. Concretamente, proponemos metodologías para mejorar el análisis del consumo de potencia en la arquitectura software de E/S, así como optimizar la eficiencia energética de: la pila de E/S del sistema operativo, controladores de la CPU y entornos virtuales de E/S. Los resultados experimentales muestran que, mediante la comprensión de la interacción de las capas del sistema operativo, es posible desarrollar nuevas técnicas de coordinación que optimicen el consumo energético e incrementen el rendimiento de las cargas de trabajo de E/S. En primer lugar desarrollamos una metodología para la recolección de datos y la caracterización del rendimiento y consumo de potencia en la pila de E/S. Nuestro trabajo presenta un estudio detallado del consumo energético y de potencia de cada uno de los componentes del sistema durante la ejecución de cargas de trabajo de E/S. Concretamente proponemos una metodología de captura de datos que combina instrumentación hardware y software para estudiar el movimiento de datos, con el fin de desarrollar nuevos modelos de predicción de consumo empleando técnicas de análisis de datos. En segundo lugar, esta Tesis Doctoral presentamos nuevas optimizaciones a nivel de CPU que mejoran la eficiencia energética de las cargas de trabajo de E/S. Para ello consideramos dos problemas fundamentales en los procesadores modernos: el desequilibrio térmico que causa variablidad de rendimiento y el uso ineficiente de los recursos de la CPU durante cargas de trabajo de E/S. Además desarrollamos nuevas técnicas que optimizan la eficiencia energética a través de la coordinación entre las distintas capas del sistema operativo que gestionan CPU y la E/S. En tercer lugar, también centramos este trabajo en la optimización del intercambio de datos entre dominios virtuales. En nuestro trabajo nos referimos a esto como el intercambio de datos virtualizado, que se diferencia principalmente de las soluciones existentes mediante la coordinación de los flujos de datos mediante la cooperación entre distintos dominios virtuales. Para ello desarrollamos una solución de intercambio de datos que minimiza la copia de datos con el fin de reducir el movimiento de datos, e introducimos nuevas abstracciones y mecanismos para coordinar de manera más eficiente el almacenamiento de E/S en entornos virtuales.Programa Oficial de Doctorado en Ciencia y Tecnología InformáticaPresidente: Laurent Lefevre.- Vocal: Arturo González Escriban

System Support For Energy Efficient Mobile Computing

Mobile devices are developed rapidly and they have been an integrated part of our daily life. With the blooming of Internet of Things, mobile computing will become more and more important. However, the battery drain problem is a critical issue that hurts user experience. High performance devices require more power support, while the battery capacity only increases 5% per year on average. Researchers are working on kinds of energy saving approaches. For examples, hardware components provide different power state to save idle power; operating systems provide power management APIs to better control power dissipation. However, the system energy efficiency is still low that cannot reach users’ expectation. To improve energy efficiency, we studied how to provide system support for mobile computing in four different aspects. First, we focused on the influence of user behavior on system energy consumption. We monitored and analyzed users’ application usages information. From the results, we built battery prediction model to estimate the battery time based on user behavior and hardware components’ usage. By adjusting user behavior, we can at most double the battery time. To understand why different applications can cause such huge energy difference, we built a power profiler Bugu to figure out where does the power go. Bugu analyzes power and event information for applications, it has high accuracy and low overhead. We analyzed almost 100 mobile applications’ power behavior and several implications are derived to save energy of applications and systems. In addition, to understand the energy behavior of modern hardware architectures, we analyzed the energy consumption and performance of heterogeneous platforms and compared them with homogeneous platforms. The results show that heterogeneous platforms indeed have great potential for energy saving which mostly comes from idle and low workload situations. However, a wrong scheduling decision may cause up to 30% more energy consumption. Scheduling becomes the key point for energy efficient computing. At last, as the increased power density leads to high device temperature, we investigated the thermal management system and developed an ambient temperature aware thermal control policy Falcon. It can save 4.85% total system power and more adaptive in various environments compared with the default approach. Finally, we discussed several potential directions for future research in this field

Learning from Maoshan: Temple Construction in Early Medieval China

Thesis (Ph.D.) - Indiana University, East Asian Languages & Cultures (EALC, 2013Maoshan, a range of mountains southeast of Nanjing, has been home to one of China's most influential Daoist temples. One of Maoshan's most famous patriarchs was Tao Hongjing (456-536 CE), a polymath whose wide range of interests included alchemy, genealogy, mapmaking, herbal medicine, and Daoist ritual. Scholarship on Tao has focused on his editorial work of the Shangqing Revelations, an assortment of mid-fourth-century scriptures written at Maoshan. I build on these earlier studies by demonstrating that Tao promoted the Shangqing Revelations as a prospectus for prospective clients interested in building temple compounds. I first study Tao's commentary to the Shangqing Revelations in which Tao persuaded his principal sponsor, Liang Emperor Wu, to invest in temple construction at Maoshan. I argue that Tao interpreted the revelations as evidence that his sponsor's salvation was predicated, at least in part, on the completion of a temple compound. I further show that Tao's skills as an excavator and architect of temples helped justify his leadership over this burgeoning institution. In the middle chapters of this study, I analyze the ways in which Tao's persona as a "temple builder" would likely have been received by potential clients. The methodology of these chapters is explicitly comparative: I examine hagiographies, scriptures, and inscriptions composed in both early imperial and medieval China. I rely heavily on narratives written in both Buddhist and Daoist contexts. This disparate group of texts illustrates the history that made Tao's status as a temple developer a recognizable social role by his era. It further establishes that Tao's temple building was one expression of a cultural practice that transcended doctrinal and geographic boundaries. In the final chapter, I examine Tao's construction at Maoshan during his post-515 abbacy, a period when he remade Maoshan into a Buddhist-Daoist ritual site. While Tao might have altered the doctrinal symbols of his temple, his representation of his abbotship remained consistent with his earlier writings. Tao's writings on the cooperation between clerics and sponsors, I conclude, formed a template for later religious entrepreneurs at Maoshan

Diseño de una estrategia de sensibilización para el control del dengue y el dengue grave en Colombia

Las enfermedades transmisibles, sin enfermedades infecciosas transmitidas por vectores o sus toxinas de las cuales de acuerdo con los resultados del estudio realizado por el instituto nacional de vigilancia en salud pública, "Vigilancia rutinaria por eventos departamental 2015(Sistema nacional de vigilancia en salud publica SIVIGILA, 2015)" se evidencia un gran número de casos con pacientes infectados con Dengue y Dengue Grave, considerándose esta como una enfermedad desatendida pues aun con 34.207 casos en Colombia para el año 2015 no se evidencia una capacitación integral a la población en esta. El Dengue se considera como la segunda enfermedad más incidente en el país después de la Malaria, con un alto número de casos en los departamentos de Antioquia y Tolima, por lo que es necesario como profesionales de la salud atender la demanda de esta enfermedad con el fin de minimizar los casos de trasmisión. Es por ello que se considera necesaria la intervención farmacéutica en el campo de la salud pública, así se procede hacer la investigación sobre la enfermedad y a extraer la información más relevante y completa sobre esta para abordar temas como: historia natural de la enfermedad, factores de riesgo en un ámbito de promoción y prevención, signos y síntomas de la enfermedad, tratamiento, uso y selección adecuada de repelentes e insecticidas, manejo de grupos especiales(enfermedades concomitantes, embarazo, niños menores de 2 años y adultos mayores); al hacer la recopilación de la información se hace una síntesis de la misma con la intensión de ser plasmada de forma digital, para ello se evalúan tres metodologías que permitan moldear esta información método COMBI, método SARAR, Método MECOVED, para obtener así el guion literario donde se expresa de forma clara, concisa y con leguaje entendible dirigida la población de 10 a 65 años de edad. Para después generar el guion técnico a partir del guion literario, en este se plasman las ideas y cada una de las escenas contempladas en el guion inicial en forma de imágenes y acciones de los personajes, para que sean realizadas a través de la animación por la asociación AUS STUDIO y posteriormente la incorporación de la voz en off por parte del señor Wilford Duran que a su vez incluye el sonido y musicalización lo cual brindó el complemento perfecto para concluir nuestro video. Con el fin de hacer la validación del producto final se desarrolla una prueba piloto de forma aleatoria, la cual tiene como finalidad evaluar la comprensión de la información contenida en el video por parte del auditorio, obteniendo así un resultado favorable, lo que comprueba que el video educativo cumple con su finalidad; de allí se origina la necesidad de fomentar el video y dar los lineamientos para la correcta proyección de este generando así “la guía didáctica de concejos útiles sobre el dengue” en donde se establecen los pasos necesarios para la utilización del video, además de los pasos se da una introducción basada en la investigación desarrollada y finalizando se redactan unas preguntas con el fin de evaluar y reforzar los temas más importantes del video , generando recordación en el publico tratadoPregradoQuímico(a) Farmacéutic