26,158 research outputs found
Design study of error-detecting and error correcting shift register
Design of error detecting and error correcting shift registe
A computer program for determining truncation error coefficients for Runge-Kutta methods
The basic structure of a program to generate the truncation error coefficients for Runge-Kutta (RK) methods is reformulated to reduce storage requirements significantly and to accommodate variable dimensioning. This FORTRAN program, SUBROUTINE RKEQ, determines truncation error coefficients for RK algorithms for orders 1 through 10 and extends the order of coefficients through 12 with the 11th- and 12th-order terms determined following the patterns used to establish the lower order coefficients. Both subroutines (the original and RKEQ) are also written to treat RK m-fold methods which utilize m known derivatives of f to increase the order of the algorithm. Setting m = 0 gives the classical RK algorithm
Constructed wetlands: Treatment of concentrated storm water runoff (part A)
The aim of this research was to assess the treatment efficiencies for gully pot liquor of experimental vertical-
flow constructed wetland filters containing Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (common
reed) and filter media of different adsorption capacities. Six out of 12 filters received inflow water spiked
with metals. For 2 years, hydrated nickel and copper nitrate were added to sieved gully pot liquor to simulate
contaminated primary treated storm runoff. For those six constructed wetland filters receiving heavy
metals, an obvious breakthrough of dissolved nickel was recorded after road salting during the first winter.
However, a breakthrough of nickel was not observed, since the inflow pH was raised to eight after
the first year of operation. High pH facilitated the formation of particulate metal compounds such as nickel
hydroxide. During the second year, reduction efficiencies of heavy metal, 5-days at 20°C N-Allylthiourea
biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and suspended solids (SS) improved considerably. Concentrations of
BOD were frequently �20 mg/L. However, concentrations for SS were frequently �30 mg/L. These are
the two international thresholds for secondary wastewater treatment. The BOD removal increased over
time due to biomass maturation, and the increase of pH. An analysis of the findings with case-based reasoning
can be found in the corresponding follow-up paper (Part B)
Neural network modeling of memory deterioration in Alzheimer's disease
The clinical course of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is generally characterized by progressive gradual deterioration, although large clinical variability exists. Motivated by the recent quantitative reports of synaptic changes in AD, we use a neural network model to investigate how the interplay between synaptic deletion and compensation determines the pattern of memory deterioration, a clinical hallmark of AD. Within the model we show that the deterioration of memory retrieval due to synaptic deletion can be much delayed by multiplying all the remaining synaptic weights by a common factor, which keeps the average input to each neuron at the same level. This parallels the experimental observation that the total synaptic area per unit volume (TSA) is initially preserved when synaptic deletion occurs. By using different dependencies of the compensatory factor on the amount of synaptic deletion one can define various compensation strategies, which can account for the observed variation in the severity and progression rate of AD
Infant-Industry Protection Reconsidered: The Case of Informational Barriers to Entry
In industries with imperfect consumer information, the lack of a reputation puts latecomers at a competitive disadvantage vis-a-vis established firms. We consider whether the existence of such informational barriers to entry provides a valid reason for temporarily protecting infant producers of experience goods and services. Our model incorporates both moral hazard in an individual firm's choice of quality and adverse selection among potential entrants into the industry. We find that infant-industry protection often exacerbates the welfare loss associated with these market imperfections.
Constructed wetlands: Prediction of performance with case-based reasoning (part B)
The aim of this research was to assess the treatment efficiencies for gully pot liquor of experimental vertical-
flow constructed wetland filters containing Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (common reed)
and filter media of different adsorption capacities. Six out of 12 filters received inflow water spiked with
metals. For 2 years, hydrated nickel and copper nitrate were added to sieved gully pot liquor to simulate
contaminated primary treated storm runoff. The findings were analyzed and discussed in a previous paper
(Part A). Case-based reasoning (CBR) methods were applied to predict 5 days at 20°C N-Allylthiourea biochemical
oxygen demand (BOD) and suspended solids (SS), and to demonstrate an alternative method of
analyzing water quality performance indicators. The CBR method was successful in predicting if outflow
concentrations were either above or below the thresholds set for water-quality variables. Relatively small
case bases of approximately 60 entries are sufficient to yield relatively high predictions of compliance of
at least 90% for BOD. Biochemical oxygen demand and SS are expensive to estimate, and can be cost-effectively
controlled by applying CBR with the input variables turbidity and conductivity
Jump Rope Vortex in Liquid Metal Convection
Understanding large scale circulations (LSCs) in turbulent convective systems
is important for the study of stars, planets and in many industrial
applications. The canonical model of the LSC is quasi-planar with additional
horizontal sloshing and torsional modes [Brown E, Ahlers G (2009) J. Fluid
Mech. 638:383--400; Funfschilling D, Ahlers G (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett.
92(19):194502; Xi HD et al. (2009) Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(4):044503; Zhou Q et
al. (2009) J. Fluid Mech. 630:367--390]. Using liquid gallium as the working
fluid, we show via coupled laboratory-numerical experiments that the LSC in a
tank with aspect ratios greater than unity takes instead the form of a "jump
rope vortex", a strongly three-dimensional mode that periodically orbits around
the tank following a motion much like a jump rope on a playground. Further
experiments show that this jump rope flow also exists in more viscous fluids
such as water, albeit with a far smaller signal. Thus, this new jump rope mode
is an essential component of the turbulent convection that underlies our
observations of natural systems
Closed formula for the relative entropy of entanglement in all dimensions
The relative entropy of entanglement is defined in terms of the relative
entropy between an entangled state and its closest separable state (CSS). Given
a multipartite-state on the boundary of the set of separable states, we find a
closed formula for all the entangled state for which this state is a CSS. Quite
amazing, our formula holds for multipartite states in all dimensions. In
addition we show that if an entangled state is full rank, then its CSS is
unique. For the bipartite case of two qubits our formula reduce to the one
given in Phys. Rev. A 78, 032310 (2008).Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, significantly revised; theorem 1 is now providing
necessary and sufficient conditions to determine if a state is CS
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