Properties of nonaqueous electrolytes Quarterly report, 20 Dec. 1966 - 19 Mar. 1967

Properties of nonaqueous electrolytes - preparation of electrolytes, nuclear magnetic resonance structural studies, and physical property determination

Properties of nonaqueous electrolytes Quarterly report, 20 Jun. - 19 Sep. 1967

Electrolyte preparation, and physical property and nuclear magnetic resonance structural studies of nonaqueous electrolyte

Investigation of electrolyte systems for lithium batteries Final report, 26 May 1969 - 25 Jul. 1970

Nuclear magnetic resonance, solubility, stability, and resistance of electrolytes for lithium batterie

Properties of nonaqueous electrolytes Sixth summary report, 20 Sep. 1967 - 19 Mar. 1968

Physical properties and structural studies on propylene carbonate, dimethyl formamide, and acetonitrile solvent electrolyte

A New Era for Judicial Retention Elections: The Rise of and Defense Against Unfair Political Attacks

The judicial-merit selection and retention system for appointing judges to the bench was designed to emphasize selection based on the judge’s qualifications and to minimize the influence of partisanship and politics in both the selection and retention process. Since 2010, increasingly strident and frequent political attacks on state supreme court justices facing judicial-merit retention elections present real dangers to a fair and impartial judiciary. These attacks are inherently different from the challenges facing the judiciary in states where supreme court justices are selected in contested judicial elections, especially those states that have partisan elections. Recent judicial-merit retention elections of state supreme court justices across the country demonstrate the danger that arises when justices are targeted for defeat based solely on disagreement with a judicial decision. Although only one political attack in recent years has been successful, even the unsuccessful attacks may influence how the public perceives courts and diminish public confidence in the fair and impartial administration of justice. Surveys show that most citizens want fair and impartial judges who will provide equal justice to all. However, the public has limited familiarity with the way judges reach judicial decisions and even less familiarity with the purpose of the judicial-merit retention system. Even when survey respondents agree that judges should not promote a political agenda and that every citizen deserves fair and equal treatment under the rule of law, those opinions are soft and shift quickly based on political rhetoric about judges ignoring public opinion or rendering decisions that do not reflect the will of the people. This Essay examines recent judicial-merit retention elections that became rough-and-tumble political races and highlights the particular vulnerabilities judges face when trying to defend against political attacks. Because state supreme court justices targeted for defeat have limited ability to defend themselves, it is imperative that the legal profession remain at the forefront of defending against politically motivated attacks on a fair and impartial judiciary and proactively engage in informing voters of what is at stake

Phylogenetic evidence for homologous recombination within the family Birnaviridae

Birnaviruses are bi-segmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses infecting insects, avian species and a wide range of aquatic species. Although homologous recombination is a common phenomenon in positive-sense RNA viruses, recombination in dsRNA viruses is rarely reported. Here we performed a comprehensive survey on homologous recombination in all available sequences (>1800) of the family Birnaviridae based on phylogenetic incongruence. Although inter-species recombination was not evident, potential intra-species recombination events were detected in aquabirnaviruses and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Eight potential recombination events were identified and the possibility that these events were non-naturally occurring was assessed case by case. Five of the eight events were identified in IBDVs and all of these five events involved live attenuated vaccine strains. This finding suggests that homologous recombination between vaccine and wild-type IBDV strains may have occurred; the potential risk of mass vaccination using live vaccines is discussed. This is the first report of evidence for homologous recombination within the family Birnaviridae. © 2008 SGM.published_or_final_versio

Reconstructing complex regions of genomes using long-read sequencing technology

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Obtaining high-quality sequence continuity of complex regions of recent segmental duplication remains one of the major challenges of finishing genome assemblies. In the human and mouse genomes, this was achieved by targeting large-insert clones using costly and laborious capillary-based sequencing approaches. Sanger shotgun sequencing of clone inserts, however, has now been largely abandoned, leaving most of these regions unresolved in newer genome assemblies generated primarily by next-generation sequencing hybrid approaches. Here we show that it is possible to resolve regions that are complex in a genome-wide context but simple in isolation for a fraction of the time and cost of traditional methods using long-read single molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing and assembly technology from Pacific Biosciences (PacBio). We sequenced and assembled BAC clones corresponding to a 1.3-Mbp complex region of chromosome 17q21.31, demonstrating 99.994% identity to Sanger assemblies of the same clones. We targeted 44 differences using Illumina sequencing and find that PacBio and Sanger assemblies share a comparable number of validated variants, albeit with different sequence context biases. Finally, we targeted a poorly assembled 766-kbp duplicated region of the chimpanzee genome and resolved the structure and organization for a fraction of the cost and time of traditional finishing approaches. Our data suggest a straightforward path for upgrading genomes to a higher quality finished state

A Common Class of Transcripts with 5\u27-Intron Depletion, Distinct Early Coding Sequence Features, and N1-Methyladenosine Modification [preprint]

Introns are found in 5\u27 untranslated regions (5\u27UTRs) for 35% of all human transcripts. These 5\u27UTR introns are not randomly distributed: genes that encode secreted, membrane-bound and mitochondrial proteins are less likely to have them. Curiously, transcripts lacking 5\u27UTR introns tend to harbor specific RNA sequence elements in their early coding regions. To model and understand the connection between coding-region sequence and 5\u27UTR intron status, we developed a classifier that can predict 5\u27UTR intron status with \u3e80% accuracy using only sequence features in the early coding region. Thus, the classifier identifies transcripts with 5\u27 proximal-intron-minus-like-coding regions ( 5IM transcripts). Unexpectedly, we found that the early coding sequence features defining 5IM transcripts are widespread, appearing in 21% of all human RefSeq transcripts. The 5IM class of transcripts is enriched for non-AUG start codons, more extensive secondary structure both preceding the start codon and near the 5\u27 cap, greater dependence on eIF4E for translation, and association with ER-proximal ribosomes. 5IM transcripts are bound by the Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at non-canonical 5\u27 proximal positions. Finally, N1-methyladenosines are specifically enriched in the early coding regions of 5IM transcripts. Taken together, our analyses point to the existence of a distinct 5IM class comprising ~20% of human transcripts. This class is defined by depletion of 5\u27 proximal introns, presence of specific RNA sequence features associated with low translation efficiency, N1-methyladenosines in the early coding region, and enrichment for non-canonical binding by the Exon Junction Complex