Sedentary Behavior and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Mediating Mechanisms.

Sedentary behavior has a strong association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, which may be independent of physical activity. To date, the mechanism(s) that mediate this relationship are poorly understood. We hypothesize that sedentary behavior modifies key hemodynamic, inflammatory, and metabolic processes resulting in impaired arterial health. Subsequently, these vascular impairments directly and indirectly contribute to the development of CVD

Injury surveillance guidelines

"WHO/NMH/VIP/01.02."Also available via the World Wide Web.Includes bibliographical references (p. 51)

Iron isotope effect on the superconducting transition temperature and the crystal structure of FeSe_1-x

The Fe isotope effect (Fe-IE) on the transition temperature T_c and the crystal structure was studied in the Fe chalcogenide superconductor FeSe_1-x by means of magnetization and neutron powder diffraction (NPD). The substitution of natural Fe (containing \simeq 92% of ^{56}Fe) by its lighter ^{54}Fe isotope leads to a shift of T_c of 0.22(5)K corresponding to an Fe-IE exponent of \alpha_Fe=0.81(15). Simultaneously, a small structural change with isotope substitution is observed by NDP which may contribute to the total Fe isotope shift of T_c.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Charge-density-wave instability in the Holstein model with quartic anharmonic phonons

The molecular-crystal model, that describes a one-dimensional electron gas interacting with quartic anharmonic lattice vibrations, offers great potentials in the mapping of a relatively wide range of low-dimensional fermion systems coupled to optical phonons onto quantum liquids with retarded interactions. Following a non-perturbative approach involving non-Gaussian partial functional integrations of lattice degrees of freedom, the exact expression of the phonon-mediated two-electron action for this model is derived. With the help of Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation the charge-density-wave instability is examined in the sequel, with particular emphasis on the effect of the quartic anharmonic phonons on the charge-density-wave transition temperature.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure

Weak-Coupling Theory for Multiband Superconductivity Induced by Jahn-Teller Phonons

Emergence of superconductivity in a two-band system coupled with breathing and Jahn-Teller phonons is discussed in a weak-coupling limit. With the use of a standard quantum mechanical procedure, the phonon-mediated attraction is derived. From the analysis of the model including such attraction, a BCS-like formula for a superconducting transition temperature $T_{\rm c}$ is obtained. When only the breathing phonon is considered, $T_{\rm c}$ is the same as that of the one-band model. On the other hand, when Jahn-Teller phonons are active, $T_{\rm c}$ is significantly enhanced by the interband attraction even within the weak-coupling limit. Relevance of the present result to actual materials such as iron pnictides is briefly commented.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures

韓国における体育教員の現職教育に関する現状

研究期間:平成15-17年度 ; 研究種目:科学研究費補助金(基盤研究B ; 課題番号:15300214 ; 「実践的力量を形成する体育教師教育プログラム開発のための実証的研究 」第4章「諸外国の教師教育制度における体育教師教育プログラムの動向」第2

Characterising the frequency response of impedance changes during evoked physiological activity in the rat brain

OBJECTIVE: Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) can image impedance changes associated with evoked physiological activity in the cerebral cortex using an array of epicortical electrodes. An impedance change is observed as the externally applied current, normally confined to the extracellular space is admitted into the conducting intracellular space during neuronal depolarisation. The response is largest at DC and decreases at higher frequencies due to capacitative transfer of current across the membrane. Biophysical modelling has shown that this effect becomes significant above 100 Hz. Recordings at DC, however, are contaminated by physiological endogenous evoked potentials. By moving to 1.7 kHz, images of somatosensory evoked responses have been produced down to 2 mm with a resolution of 2 ms and 200 μm. Hardware limitations have so far restricted impedance measurements to frequencies  2 kHz using improved hardware. APPROACH: Impedance changes were recorded during forepaw somatosensory stimulation in both cerebral cortex and the VPL nucleus of the thalamus in anaesthetised rats using applied currents of 1 kHz to 10 kHz. MAIN RESULTS: In the cortex, impedance changed by -0.04 ± 0.02 % at 1 kHz, reached a peak of -0.13 ± 0.05 % at 1475 Hz and decreased to -0.05 ± 0.02 % at 10 kHz. At these frequencies, changes in the thalamus were -0.26 ± 0.1%, -0.4 ± 0.15 % and -0.08 ± 0.03 % respectively. The signal-to-noise ratio was also highest at 1475 Hz with values of -29.5 ± 8 and -31.6 ±10 recorded from the cortex and thalamus respectively. Signficance: This indicates that the optimal frequency for imaging cortical and thalamic evoked activity using fast neural EIT is 1475 Hz

The polarizability model for ferroelectricity in perovskite oxides

This article reviews the polarizability model and its applications to ferroelectric perovskite oxides. The motivation for the introduction of the model is discussed and nonlinear oxygen ion polarizability effects and their lattice dynamical implementation outlined. While a large part of this work is dedicated to results obtained within the self-consistent-phonon approximation (SPA), also nonlinear solutions of the model are handled which are of interest to the physics of relaxor ferroelectrics, domain wall motions, incommensurate phase transitions. The main emphasis is to compare the results of the model with experimental data and to predict novel phenomena.Comment: 55 pages, 35 figure