The construction of solidarity in a German Central Works Council : implications for European Works Councils

This thesis takes as its starting point the question whether European Works Councils (EWCs) can overcome the divisive pressures of cross-border competition for jobs and investment between sites. A review of the body of literature on EWCs yields that with respect to this question, opinion is divided and examples are contradictory. The central works council (CWC) established according to the German Betriebsverfassungsgesetz is identified as a close analogue to an EWC. In the absence of a body of literature on the internal functioning of CWCs, this research undertook to examine in depth the experience of a single CWC as a lead case. As an analytical framework, the contributions of theories of federalism as a means of reconciling unity and diversity were applied to the multi-level system of employee interest representation. A conceptualisation of solidarity as it might be generated among the members of a central and/or European works council is developed. It is concluded that a discursive/participative structure is most likely to enable the generation of solidarity across and within a multi-level, essentially federalist system. Key analytical factors are identified which are applied to the experience of the Central Works Council at DaimlerChrysler, and to EWCs more generally. Applying the methods of participant observation, semi-structured interviews with the CWC members, documentary analysis, and a postal survey of the local works council members, the operation of the central works council at DaimlerChrysler is explored in detail, covering its day-to-day functioning, its articulation with local works councils, and the values and expectations underlying its work. With reference to the conceptual framework, the findings from the case study are compared with EWC law and practice more generally. It is concluded that the EWC can be considered a nascent federalist system at most. Despite the existence of important gaps, however, this research concludes that solidarity within EWCs is possible if it can be built upon a participative and transparent set of institutions and processes which are seen by EWC members, national and local employee representatives, and trade unions to be fair and legitimate. The final chapter explores the implications of this research for policy, practice and further research.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceEconomic and Social Research Council (Great Britain) (ESRC)GBUnited Kingdo

FUNÇÃO POLINOMIAL DO 2º GRAU

A importância do estudo de função não é restrita apenas aos interesses da matemática, mas colocado em prática em outras ciências, como a física e a química. A função na matemática expressa uma relação entre grandezas ou conjuntos variáveis. É dividida em várias funções,e o presente trabalho apresenta uma dessas, a Função Polinomial do 2o Grau. O objetivo foi mostrar de forma mais simples como funciona essa parte da matemática que se torna um desafio dentro da sala de aula. O método utilizado é a pesquisa bibliográfica, realizada por meio de levantamentos em fontes secundárias, a qual compreendeu consultas em livros e artigos. Apesar de ser um assunto complexo, tem grande importância já que é usado no cotidiano

Subjective well-being and psychopathology symptoms: mental health profiles and their relations with academic achievement in brazilian children

The aim of this study is to examine the differences in children’s academic achievement considering their mental health profiles. Previous studies have started to seek those differences. However, it is not clear what are the academic achievement differences considering distinct children’s mental health profile. We used a cross-sectional study sample of 273 students from an elementary school (6–11 years of age) in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Mental health profiles were empirically investigated using latent class analysis by combining a subjective well-being measure and a psychopathology symptom screening. Standardized tests and school grades were considered to assess academic achievement. Findings reveal an empirical division of the sample into four mental health groups. The adjusted analysis revealed that the group with a high level of symptoms, despite having high subjective well-being, had lower levels of academic achievement when compared with the other groups, which have low to moderate levels of psychopathology. Present findings support the idea that psychopathology is a detrimental factor for educational achievement regardless of the levels of wellbeing

Childhood trauma subtypes may influence the pattern of substance use and preferential substance in men with alcohol and/or crack-cocaine addiction

Objective: To compare the prevalence and subtypes of childhood maltreatment (CM) between individuals with and without substance use disorder (SUD) and investigate the influence of different traumas on the preferential use of substances and the severity of dependence. Methods: The sample consisted of 1,040 men with SUD (alcohol users [n=315], crack-cocaine users [n=406], multiple-substance users [n=319]) and 201 controls. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Addiction Severity Index-6 (ASI-6) were used to assess CM and drug-use patterns. Results: Individuals with SUD had a higher prevalence of CM than controls (63.4 vs. 28.1%, respectively). Exposure to physical trauma was associated with alcohol use disorder and severity of alcohol use. In contrast, emotional trauma was associated with use of multiple substances and severity of drug use in crack-cocaine users. Conclusions: This study corroborates the association of CM with SUD susceptibility. Our results suggest that the type of CM may influence preferential substance use and addiction severity. In this sense, physical traumas are more associated with alcohol use, while emotional and sexual traumas favor use of multiple drugs, especially crack cocaine. These findings may help the development of tailored prevention and intervention strategies

ANÁLISE DO TEMA VACINAÇÃO EM TRÊS COLEÇÕES DE LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE BIOLOGIA DO ENSINO MÉDIO

A cobertura vacinal no Brasil diminuiu nos últimos anos e recursos para disseminar a importância da vacinação são necessários, destacando-se nesse contexto o livro didático (LD). O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar de que maneira a vacinação é abordada nos LD de Biologia do Ensino Médio (EM). Foi realizada a Análise de Conteúdo em três coleções distribuídas pelo Plano Nacional do Livro e do Material Didático (PNLD) para o triênio de 2018-2020. Em 45% das unidades de registro a vacinação é abordada como ferramenta de prevenção de doenças específicas. Apenas 24% das unidades de registro eram dedicadas à ênfase na saúde da coletividade. Notou-se a total ausência, em todas as coleções, de conteúdos relativos à segurança das vacinas ou efeitos adversos. Os resultados sugerem que os livros apresentam carência de conteúdo e argumentação que possibilitem aos alunos o desenvolvimento de senso crítico no que tange ao tema da vacinação

In utero ultrafine particulate matter exposure causes offspring pulmonary immunosuppression.

Early life exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) in air is associated with infant respiratory disease and childhood asthma, but limited epidemiological data exist concerning the impacts of ultrafine particles (UFPs) on the etiology of childhood respiratory disease. Specifically, the role of UFPs in amplifying Th2- and/or Th17-driven inflammation (asthma promotion) or suppressing effector T cells (increased susceptibility to respiratory infection) remains unclear. Using a mouse model of in utero UFP exposure, we determined early immunological responses to house dust mite (HDM) allergen in offspring challenged from 0 to 4 wk of age. Two mice strains were exposed throughout gestation: C57BL/6 (sensitive to oxidative stress) and BALB/C (sensitive to allergen exposure). Offspring exposed to UFPs in utero exhibited reduced inflammatory response to HDM. Compared with filtered air (FA)-exposed/HDM-challenged mice, UFP-exposed offspring had lower white blood cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and less pronounced peribronchiolar inflammation in both strains, albeit more apparent in C57BL/6 mice. In the C57BL/6 strain, offspring exposed in utero to FA and challenged with HDM exhibited a robust response in inflammatory cytokines IL-13 and Il-17. In contrast, this response was lost in offspring exposed in utero to UFPs. Circulating IL-10 was significantly up-regulated in C57BL/6 offspring exposed to UFPs, suggesting increased regulatory T cell expression and suppressed Th2/Th17 response. Our results reveal that in utero UFP exposure at a level close to the WHO recommended PM guideline suppresses an early immune response to HDM allergen, likely predisposing neonates to respiratory infection and altering long-term pulmonary health

Prevalence of suicide in cocaine users accessing health services : a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: This study reviewed and analyzed the prevalence of suicidal behaviors among cocaine users who sought health services. Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published until January 2021. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, and LILACS were searched. The inclusion criteria were observational (retrospective or prospective), case-control, and/or cross-sectional reports that contained samples of cocaine users aged over 14 years who were assessed in health facilities or were in treatment. The random-effects model was used to calculate the overall prevalence of suicidal behavior with a 95% confidence interval. Subgroup analysis was conducted to investigate sources of heterogeneity. Results: Twenty articles were included, yielding a total of 2,252 cocaine users. The estimated prevalence was 43.59% (95%CI 31.10-57.38) for suicidal ideation and 27.71% (95%CI 21.63-34.73) for suicide attempts. High heterogeneity was found between studies for both outcomes (I2 X 93%), although subgroup analysis considering the quality of the studies showed a significant difference in suicide attempts (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Cocaine use can be considered a risk factor for suicidal behavior, and prevention and early screening measures should be implemented to facilitate adequate treatment

PATIENT SAFETY CULTURE IN DIALYSIS SERVICES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: NURSING PERSPECTIVE

Objective: to evaluate the patient safety culture from the perspective of nursing staff in dialysis services in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.Method: cross-sectional study with 56 nursing professionals from three dialysis services in Minas Gerais - Brazil, between March and June 2021. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture instrument was used. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics; chi-square test; and Generalizable Estimating Equations (p≤0.05).Results: Patient safety was rated as good or excellent by 69.6% of participants. The dimension "Expectations and actions of the service management that favor safety" was considered a strength (85.42%). "Non-punitive response to errors" (23.99%) and "Staff sizing" (45.83%) were considered weak. There was a higher percentage of positive responses in public and philanthropic services (p<0.001).Conclusion: few dimensions indicated strengths, and the type of management influenced the percentage of positive responses