69 research outputs found

    Diagnosis of biliary tract and ampullary carcinomas

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    Diagnostic methods for biliary tract carcinoma and the efficacy of these methods are discussed. Neither definite methods for early diagnosis nor specific markers are available in this disease. When this disease is suspected on the basis of clinical symptoms and risk factors, hemato-biochemical examination and abdominal ultrasonography are performed and, where appropriate, enhanced computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is carried out. Diagnoses of extrahepatic bile duct cancer and ampullary carcinoma are often made based on the presence of obstructive jaundice. Although rare, abdominal pain and pyrexia, as well as abnormal findings of the hepatobiliary system detected by hemato-biochemical examination, serve as a clue to making a diagnosis of these diseases. On the other hand, the early diagnosis of gallbladder cancer is scarcely possible on the basis of clinical symptoms, so when this cancer is found with the onset of abdominal pain and jaundice, it is already advanced at the time of detection, thus making a cure difficult. When gallbladder cancer is suspected, enhanced CT is carried out. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), in particular — one of the methods of enhanced CT — is useful for decision of surgical criteria, because MDCT shows findings such as localization and extension of the tumor, and the presence or absence of remote metastasis. Procedures such as magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopic ultrasonography, bile duct biopsy, and cholangioscopy should be carried out taking into account indications for these procedures in individual patients. However, direct biliary tract imaging is necessary for making a precise diagnosis of the horizontal extension of bile duct cancer

    産後うつとボンディングの関連の経産による変化: 子どもの健康と環境に関する全国調査からの経時的な結果より

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    富山大学・富医薬博乙77号・土田 暁子・2020/11/25関連論文Tsuchida A, Hamazaki K, Matsumura K, Miura K, Kasamatsu H, Inadera H; Japan Environment and Children\u27s Study (JECS) Group. Changes in the association between postpartum depression and mother-infant bonding by parity: Longitudinal results from the Japan Environment and Children\u27s Study. J Psychiatr Res. 2019 Mar;110:110-116. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.11.022. Epub 2018 Nov 28. PMID: 30616158.富山大

    Flowcharts for the management of biliary tract and ampullary carcinomas

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    No strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract carcinoma have been clearly described. We developed flowcharts for the diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract carcinoma on the basis of the best clinical evidence. Risk factors for bile duct carcinoma are a dilated type of pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) and primary sclerosing cholangitis. A nondilated type of PBM is a risk factor for gallbladder carcinoma. Symptoms that may indicate biliary tract carcinoma are jaundice and pain in the upper right area of the abdomen. The first step of diagnosis is to carry out blood biochemistry tests and ultrasonography (US) of the abdomen. The second step of diagnosis is to find the local extension of the carcinoma by means of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Because resection is the only way to completely cure biliary tract carcinoma, the indications for resection are determined first. In patients with resectable disease, the indications for biliary drainage or portal vein embolization (PVE) are checked. In those with nonresectable disease, biliary stenting, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or best supportive care is selected

    積極的自己呈示場面におけるパーソナリティ認知 : 自己呈示の望ましさと率直性の効果

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    application/pdf本研究の目的は、主として呈示者の能力次元を中心に考え、呈示者の能力に関する客観的情報と自己呈示内容の望ましさを操作することにより、自己呈示が印象に与える効果を検討するものにある。具体的には、通常、積極的な自己呈示が期待され、取り入りの動機が明確である就職試験の模擬面接場面を実験的に設定し、呈示者の実際の能力の高低と自己呈示の望ましさの高低の2つを独立変数とし、いかなる印象の差異が生じるのかを検討した。4つの条件にランダムに配置された計56名の女子大学生の形成した印象は、概ね以下のようであった。能力の高い人に対する『活動性』の認知は、率直に呈示されている方がより明確となる。しかしこの傾向は、能力が低い人に対してはさほど顕著ではない。『個人的親しみやすさ』上では、望ましい自己呈示をしない人がより高い評価を受けていた。この実験状況に最もrelevantであると考えられる『社会的望ましさ』の次元上では、実際の能力による差異はみられても、自己呈示の方略による認知の差異は生じない

    説得の受け手の受容度の違いが観察者の態度変容に及ぼす効果

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    application/pdf本研究は、説得的コミュニケーション場面を見ている観察者に対する説得効果を問題とし、説得的コミュニケーションにおける受け手の説得に対する受容度の違いが、観察者の態度変容にいかなる効果を及ぼすのかについて検討しようとした探索的実験研究である。説得を聞いている人間(受け手)の受容度を操作した説得的コミュニケーションのビデオを被験者(観察者)に見せ、被験者(観察者)の観察後の態度を測定し、初期態度との差で定義される態度変化量を分析した。結果は、説得的コミュニケーションにおける受け手の受容度が肯定的な場合、その説得的コミュニケーションを見ていた観察者は受け手の受容に同調し、説得方向への態度変容が大きくなった。さらに、被験者によって認知された説得者の魅力との関係についても検討が加えられ、説得者の印象が悪い場合に、受け手の受容度が説得により大きな効果をもつという興味深い結果も得られた
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