Ring extensions and endomorphism rings of a module

In this paper we consider two conditions of a module related with a ring extension. The one is (T)[?]5R<[?]M[?]･･･[?]M that is, R⊃S is a ring extension and M a right R-module such that ..

ダイガク ノ ガイコクゴ ガクブ ニ オケル ヒッシュウ カモク サイ リシュウシャ ノ ゲンジョウ ト トリクミ

本学外国語学部における必修科目再履修者の現状を論考する。筆者は本年度(2009-2010)、1 年次必修科目である「英語2」(全員再履修生)を担当している。したがってこのクラスは受講生全員が 2 年生～ 4 年生であり、通常の1年生だけで編成されている「英語2」のクラスとは大きく性格が異なっている。すなわち、初期段階より学習者の習熟度・学習意欲・学習傾向および学習嗜好・授業態度・参加意欲等の点でさまざまな学生たちが 1 つの教室に会する状況が生まれていると言える。 本稿では授業担当者が直接的な学習指導のみならず、クラスを取り巻くさまざまな問題点を報告し、その実態の検証と改善策を学生からのアンケート・データをもとに考察していく

On trivial extensions which are quasi-Frobenius ones

Recently ,Y. Kitamura has characterized a trivial extension which is a Frobenius extension in [2]. In this paper we characterize a trivial extension which is a quasi-Forbenius extension. Let R be ring with an identity and M an (R, R)-bimodule. ..

Deoxygenative Insertion of Carbonyl Carbon into a C(sp3)–H Bond: Synthesis of Indolines and Indoles

A simple deoxygenation reagent prepared in situ from commercially available Mo(CO)6 and ortho-quinone has been developed for the synthesis of indoline and indole derivatives. The Mo/quinone complex efficiently deoxygenates carbonyl compounds bearing a neighboring dialkylamino group and effects intramolecular cyclizations with the insertion of a deoxygenated carbonyl carbon into a C(sp3)–H bond, in which a carbonyl group acts as a carbene equivalent. The reaction also proceeds with a catalytic amount of Mo/quinone in the presence of disilane as an oxygen atom acceptor

Movements and activities of male black-tailed gulls in breeding and sabbatical years

Long-lived animals sometimes skip one or more breeding seasons; however, little is known about their movements and activities during such ‘sabbatical’ periods. Here we present novel data on year-round movements and activities of two male black-tailed gulls Larus crassirostris during a sabbatical year. We compare the data with those in a year when they bred and with those of two other breeding males. The year-round migration routes of two sabbatical males were consistent with those of the breeding males: they returned to the breeding area but did not visit the colony in the sabbatical year. They landed more frequently on water (a potential index of foraging effort) during the non-breeding autumn and winter prior to the sabbatical year than before breeding. Sabbatical gulls may forage more intensively to recover body condition immediately after breeding

A Mild and Efficient Synthesis of Oxindoles: Progress Towards the Synthesis of Welwitindolinone A Isonitrile

The complete carbon skeleton of welwitindolinone A isonitrile has been prepared by using a [2+2] cycloaddition to establish the bicyclo[4.2.0]octane core and a SmI2-mediated intramolecular reductive cyclization between an enone and an aryl isocyanate to stereoselectively install the spiro-oxindole (see scheme; DBU=1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene)

A Fungal Metabolite Asperparaline A Strongly and Selectively Blocks Insect Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: The First Report on the Mode of Action

Asperparalines produced by Aspergillus japonicus JV-23 induce paralysis in silkworm (Bombyx mori) larvae, but the target underlying insect toxicity remains unknown. In the present study, we have investigated the actions of asperparaline A on ligand-gated ion channels expressed in cultured larval brain neurons of the silkworm using patch-clamp electrophysiology. Bath-application of asperparaline A (10 µM) had no effect on the membrane current, but when delivered for 1 min prior to co-application with 10 µM acetylcholine (ACh), it blocked completely the ACh-induced current that was sensitive to mecamylamine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-selective antaogonist. In contrast, 10 µM asperparaline A was ineffective on the γ-aminobutyric acid- and L-glutamate-induced responses of the Bombyx larval neurons. The fungal alkaloid showed no-use dependency in blocking the ACh-induced response with distinct affinity for the peak and slowly-desensitizing current amplitudes of the response to 10 µM ACh in terms of IC50 values of 20.2 and 39.6 nM, respectively. Asperparaline A (100 nM) reduced the maximum neuron response to ACh with a minimal shift in EC50, suggesting that the alkaloid is non-competitive with ACh. In contrast to showing marked blocking action on the insect nAChRs, it exhibited only a weak blocking action on chicken α3β4, α4β2 and α7 nAChRs expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, suggesting a high selectivity for insect over certain vertebrate nAChRs

Effects of assigning physical therapists exclusively to the acute-phase stroke patient ward

金沢大学理工研究域フロンティア工学系[Purpose] In April 2014, an additional health insurance system aiming to maintain or improve activities of daily living levels was newly established by the Japanese government. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of this new medical system for rehabilitation on patient management (e.g., activities of daily living level and length of hospital stay) in an acute-phase stroke patient ward. [Participants and Methods] All patients were admitted to the stroke patient ward in our hospital and were registered between January 2012 and December 2019. We assessed the differences in the time to initiation of rehabilitation, length of hospitalization, implementation rate of rehabilitation, and Barthel Index between the period before the start of the new medical system (Prior period) and after this system was started (Post period). [Results] Significant improvements were observed in the initiation of rehabilitation and the difference in the Barthel Index scores after the start of the new medical system. Although the length of hospitalization and implementation rate of rehabilitation did not differ significantly, both indicators gradually improved after the start of the new system. [Conclusion] Our results suggest that the new medical system for rehabilitation is beneficial for patient management in the acute-phase stroke patient ward