Validity and Reliability of the Japanese Version of the 12-item Self-administered World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 in Patients with Schizophrenia

It is necessary to assess functional impairment when treating schizophrenia. The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) has been adopted as a measure of functional disability in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. This study was a secondary analysis from a cross-sectional study of health-related behaviors among patients with schizophrenia. We examined the validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the 12-item WHODAS 2.0 when self-administered by such patients. Participants were 350 outpatients with schizophrenia from a psychiatric hospital. The standard six-factor structure of the WHODAS 2.0 showed a good fit for these participants. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.858, showing good internal consistency. The WHODAS 2.0 showed moderate correlations with the modified Global Assessment of Functioning and Kessler 6 scales (r=−0.434 and 0.555, respectively). The results of this study show that the Japanese version of the 12-item self-administered WHODAS 2.0 has good internal consistency and convergent validity among patients with schizophrenia. Further exploration of the usefulness of WHODAS 2.0 in clinical settings is needed

カゾク カイゴシャ ﾉ カイゴ ニ タイスル ヒョウカ ノ コウゾウ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ

本研究の目的は，要介護高齢者を自宅で介護する家族介護者の「介護に対する評価」の構造を明らかにすることである．1545人の自由記述を内容分析の手法で検討した．その結果，「介護に対する評価」の構成要素として，①ポジティブな介護の意味づけ，②受容的な介護の意味づけ，③義務・宿命的な介護の意味づけ④ネガティブな介護の意味づけ，⑤将来の不安，⑥一般的な介護や制度についての考え，の6つが抽出された

NFUバン カイゴ フタンカン シャクド ノ サクセイ カイゴ ホケン セイド ドウニュウ ゼンゴ ノ カイゴ フタンカン ニカンスル オウダン ケンキュウ

The purpose of this study is to make a new scale to measure the effects of Long-term care insurance system. Four hundreds and seventy-one caregivers who care the elderly living at home voluntarily answered the questionnaire, and the subjective burden of caregivers was measured by Nihon Fukushi University (NFU) version of caregiver burden scale. As the results, NFU version of caregiver burden scale had enough reliability and validity to measure caregiver\u27s burden, and a factor analysis revealed two factors, "subjective burden of care" and "will for continuing care". Cross-sectional comparison shows reduction of subjective burden of care, however, the change was different due to community. The factors of the elderly themselves and the factors of caregivers were related to subjective burden of caregivers. Different dimensions of social network and social support were related to two subscales

Rapid-onset dystonia-Parkinsonism phenotype consistency for a novel variant of ATP1A3 in patients across 3 global populations

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Genotoxicity of nano/microparticles in in vitro micronuclei, in vivo comet and mutation assay systems

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Recently, manufactured nano/microparticles such as fullerenes (C₆₀), carbon black (CB) and ceramic fiber are being widely used because of their desirable properties in industrial, medical and cosmetic fields. However, there are few data on these particles in mammalian mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. To examine genotoxic effects by C₆₀, CB and kaolin, an <it>in vitro </it>micronuclei (MN) test was conducted with human lung cancer cell line, A549 cells. In addition, DNA damage and mutations were analyzed by <it>in vivo </it>assay systems using male C57BL/6J or <it>gpt </it>delta transgenic mice which were intratracheally instilled with single or multiple doses of 0.2 mg per animal of particles.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In <it>in vitro </it>genotoxic analysis, increased MN frequencies were observed in A549 cells treated with C₆₀, CB and kaolin in a dose-dependent manner. These three nano/microparticles also induced DNA damage in the lungs of C57BL/6J mice measured by comet assay. Moreover, single or multiple instillations of C₆₀and kaolin, increased either or both of <it>gpt </it>and Spi^-mutant frequencies in the lungs of <it>gpt </it>delta transgenic mice. Mutation spectra analysis showed transversions were predominant, and more than 60% of the base substitutions occurred at G:C base pairs in the <it>gpt </it>genes. The G:C to C:G transversion was commonly increased by these particle instillations.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Manufactured nano/microparticles, CB, C₆₀and kaolin, were shown to be genotoxic in <it>in vitro </it>and <it>in vivo </it>assay systems.</p

Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Regenerated from iPS Cells Have Therapeutic Efficacy in a Patient-Derived Xenograft Solid Tumor Model

Current adoptive T cell therapies conducted in an autologous setting are costly, time consuming, and depend on the quality of the patient's T cells. To address these issues, we developed a strategy in which cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are regenerated from iPSCs that were originally derived from T cells and succeeded in regenerating CTLs specific for the WT1 antigen, which exhibited therapeutic efficacy in a xenograft model of leukemia. In this study, we extended our strategy to solid tumors. The regenerated WT1-specific CTLs had a strong therapeutic effect in orthotopic xenograft model using a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell line. To make our method more generally applicable, we developed an allogeneic approach by transducing HLA-haplotype homozygous iPSCs with WT1-specific TCR α/β genes that had been tested clinically. The regenerated CTLs antigen-specifically suppressed tumor growth in a patient-derived xenograft model of RCC, demonstrating the feasibility of our strategy against solid tumors

Active Learning Models in Science Classes

研究の第１年次に当たる本年は，理科におけるアクティブラーニング型授業の構造化に向けて，内化と外化の往還を取り入れた授業デザインとその実践に取り組み，具体的実践の蓄積を行った。小学校，中学校，高等学校それぞれで実践を行ったところ，１）学習内容の定着が図られる，２）発展的な内容や未習内容を生徒が主体的に理解することが可能である，３）協働的な学びの場面を加えることで理解の深化が図られる，４）どのような課題に取り組ませるのかといった課題の設定がカギである，５）アクティブラーニングであるか否かを判断するための要素を明らかにする必要がある，などの一定の成果と課題が明らかになった。The purpose of this study is to create active learning models in science classes. As the first-year research, the authors designed the classes which would include a round trip between externalization and internalization, and put them into practice. The designed models were adopted in elementary, junior high and senior high school classes. What have become clear are as the following; 1) Students’ acquisition of the learning contents can be promoted, 2) Students can understand advanced contents proactively, 3) Students’ learning can be deepened by adding collaborative activities, 4) The success or failure to active learning may depend on the quality of the tasks which students work on, 5) It is necessary to clarify the factors to determine active learning

The Role of Science Education in the Construction of a Knowledge-Based Society

知識基盤社会における理科の役割は，科学的に探究する活動を通して得られた結果（情報）を活用し，それらの情報から導き出した自らの考えを表現する能力を高めることである。これまでに明らかになったことは，授業者が実験結果に対して関連付けることができる事項を明確にし，分析・解釈する視点を与えることが重要であるということである。今年度は，小学校，中学校，高等学校の理科で，パフォーマンス課題を取り入れた探究活動を行い，多くの授業者が共有できる方向性を考えた。実践の結果，以下のことが明らかになった。１）小集団での話し合いの質を高めるためには，話し合いの目的と方法を明示することが重要であること。２）そのために授業者の関わり方を引き続き検討する必要があること。３）パフォーマンス課題の設計には授業者がよりメタ認知を働かせることが必要であること。今後は，このような実践経験を広く共有すべきであると考えている。Science education should help students to utilize results and information through activities, to investigate scientifically, and to develop their abilities to express ideas they have derived from those results. We have learned that it is important for instructors to clarify which results from experiments relate to each other and to give students some clear perspectives for analyzing and interpreting them. This academic year, we investigated performance tasks at elementary, junior high, and senior high school levels. Through our research we have learned that to improve the quality of discussion in small groups, it is important to make the purpose and method clear. We also showed that instructors should monitor how they engage with students in the course of discussion and that they need to function meta-cognitive abilities more to design performance tasks

NFUバン カイゴ フタンカン シャクド ノ カイテイ チイキ ケア ケンキュウ スイシン センター ニオケル カイゴ ホケン セイド ノ セイサク ヒョウカ ト カイゴ フタンカン

NFU版介護負担感尺度は，介護保険制度導入前後の主介護者の負担感を測定する目的で作成された．介護保険制度が導入されて４年が過ぎ，介護保険下の介護者の負担感を測定するための尺度という観点からＮＦＵ版負担感尺度を改訂した．４つの異なる地域で介護者を対象とした悉皆調査を行い，改訂版の妥当性・信頼性について検討した．改訂版ＮＦＵ介護負担感尺度は「主観的負担感」，「介護の継続意志」，「世間体」という３つの因子からなり，妥当性・信頼性があることがわかった